Dominic Areago

Prokaryotes and Viruses

1. Eukaryotic cells tend to be complex in nature. They make up the structures of complex organisms such as animals, plants, fungi and protoctista. The name eukaryotes itself means ‘true-nucleus’, this is because of the nature of its DNA being enclosed in a nuclear membrane. This leads to one of the features that make eukaryotic cells distinctive. That is compartalization; this is very distinct in eukaryotic cells this is the separation between different organelles and groups. The organelles maintain their groups to ensure processes such as respiration and protein synthesis don’t mix chemicals. Various compartments are nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Leading on from compartalization the cell structure it is quite complex, it consists of a various organelles that may differ depending on the organism the cells are in. Normally they contain organelles such as nucleuses, mitochondria, ribosome’s and countless others. Eukaryotic cells are also able specialize, this is when cells adapt to their environment and perform specific processes and actions, such as the red blood cell which carries oxygen or the nerve cell which carries impulses.

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2. Gram staining is a method of staining used to indentify and classify different bacteria. The process itself is used to differentiate between two major cell wall types present in bacteria. These are gram negative and gram positive. Gram-negative bacteria having cell walls that contain small amounts of peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide, where as gram-positive bacteria have large amounts of peptidoglycan and no lipopolysaccharide.  The process itself is as follows. First a sample of must be obtained then heated to actually kill the bacteria so it can be worked on. Then after placing on the slide the sample is covered ...

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Overall this piece of work covers the basic material, but loses marks for carelessness and lack of depth. The author has fallen into the trap of considering some of the questions 'things he already knows' and has provided an answer based on his A-level knowledge rather than exploring what is expected of him as an undergraduate. The references used are textbooks and lecture notes, rather than any primary literature. At my (Russell Group) university this would score 3/5