(Turner, Chandler & Heffer, 2009). The permissive parent is warm and responsive to the child?s needs; they interact with their child and listen to them. In some cases the permissive parent is seen as an indulgent parent, since it offers him self as a resource for the children to use it as they see fit (Baumrind, 1966). This type of child rearing at times can be either overindulgent or inattentive thus, children may become impatient and overdemanding (Berk, 2017). In contrast both, authoritarian and uninvolved parenting styles are cold and low in acceptance and involvement.
The Anal stage starts from 1 to 3 years. Children start the potty training and learn how to control their bladder and bowel movements (Sheridan, 1997). They also start discovering the feelings that comes with it. The Phallic stage starts from 3 to 6 years. In this stage children`s sexual energy or libido are focussed around genitals. They are fascinated about this and they start to identify the same-sex parent or guardian. In the Latent period which is from 7 to 11 years, children`s sexual energy is reduced and they focus more on activities such as friends, schools and hobbies (Carolyn, 2006).
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"In conclusion it is relatively easy to say that to a large extent there are cross-cultural variations in attachment as shown by the three examples from Van IJzendoorn and Kroonenberg's study. But the greater variation found within cultures undermines the cross-cultural research as it shows that it is wrong to think of one culture as a whole, and so cross-cultural comparisons based on this assumption lack validity. It is over-simplistic to view Britain or America as one single culture, as within each country there are many sub-cultures that may differ in the nature of attachment types. This means that the findings may not be representative of the culture.
Huckleberry Briscoe Psychology 08/05/2007 8:07 AM"
"In conclusion, it is evident that nonverbal communication is an important aspect of development. Facial expressions and body movements are important in the communication of meanings and emotions. Many argue that nonverbal communication is an innate phenomenon that develops into more complex actions as we age. However others argue that this is not the case and that we learn to use nonverbal communication as we interact with others. It is difficult to ascertain which of these two views are more plausible. While there is a lot of evidence, from experience and research, to suggest that our nonverbal communicative abilities are innate, the fact that we do seem to learn some behaviours cannot be discounted. It is more plausible that while we are born with the basic nonverbal expressions, the more complex expressions are learnt through social interaction.
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"I think that Skinner is probably the most over rated psychologists of all time. Because, it is true that animal behaviour can be influenced in predictable ways by operant conditioning. However language and learning, human thinking and long-term planning and so on are fundamental to human psychology but they depend on very little on conditioning principles. Which is why I found Skinners approach very limited. However the overall research that I investigated, I found very interesting and felt that I could relate this to present situations."
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