To Identify 5 Given Oils By Testing Their Viscosity At Different Temperatures.
To identify 5 given oils by testing their viscosity at different temperatures.
Scientific research: We know that oil comes out of the ground is called crude oil.
Crude oil was formed from the remains of tiny sea animals and plants, which died millions of years ago. It is a mixture of substances called hydrocarbons. These are compounds of hydrogen and carbon.
"At an oil refinery, the different substances in crude oil are separated in a fractionating tower. The oil is boiled so that most rises up the tower as vapour (gas). As it rises, it cools different substances condense (turn to liquid) at different temperatures, and are collected at different levels. The different parts of mixture are called fractions. Separating fractions by boiling is called fractional distillation.
Heavier Fractions have longer molecules than lighter fractions. Using a chemical process called cracking, long molecules can be broken up to make shorter ores. So, if there is too much diesel oil, It can be changed into petrol by cracking. Short molecules can also be joined together to make longer ones. This process is called polymerisation." (Source 1)
Cracking
Hydrocarbons with large molecules have higher boiling points than those with smaller molecules.
They also burn less easily. To get more useful fuel, a large hydrocarbon molecule can be cracked by heating with steam or a catalyst. Two smaller molecules are formed.
One is still an alkane - a hydrocarbon with only single bonds.
The other is an alkene - a hydrocarbon with at least one double bond in its chain.
This is said to be unsaturated because extra atoms can add when the double bonds break down to a single bond again. By contrast, alkanes are saturated.
Scientific research: We know that oil comes out of the ground is called crude oil.
Crude oil was formed from the remains of tiny sea animals and plants, which died millions of years ago. It is a mixture of substances called hydrocarbons. These are compounds of hydrogen and carbon.
"At an oil refinery, the different substances in crude oil are separated in a fractionating tower. The oil is boiled so that most rises up the tower as vapour (gas). As it rises, it cools different substances condense (turn to liquid) at different temperatures, and are collected at different levels. The different parts of mixture are called fractions. Separating fractions by boiling is called fractional distillation.
Heavier Fractions have longer molecules than lighter fractions. Using a chemical process called cracking, long molecules can be broken up to make shorter ores. So, if there is too much diesel oil, It can be changed into petrol by cracking. Short molecules can also be joined together to make longer ones. This process is called polymerisation." (Source 1)
Cracking
Hydrocarbons with large molecules have higher boiling points than those with smaller molecules.
They also burn less easily. To get more useful fuel, a large hydrocarbon molecule can be cracked by heating with steam or a catalyst. Two smaller molecules are formed.
One is still an alkane - a hydrocarbon with only single bonds.
The other is an alkene - a hydrocarbon with at least one double bond in its chain.
This is said to be unsaturated because extra atoms can add when the double bonds break down to a single bond again. By contrast, alkanes are saturated.
