Tuberculosis pathogenesis

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University Degree Biological Sciences

Types , Pathogenesis & Clinical Picture of Tuberculosis

TYPES

  • Primary infection

  • Reactivation TB

PRIMARY INFECTION (usually in children)

  • It is response to first exposure to M. tuberculosis.

  • Usually pulmonary infection – at periphery of mid zone of lung (sub-pleura)

  • TB bacilli are engulfed by macrophages – those survive multiply in macrophages → carried to hilar lymph nodes

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  • Dissemination to other organs through blood stream can occur

Cell mediated immunity & Hypersensitivity

  • Develop 2-6 weeks after infection.

  • Macrophages containing TB bacilli present to competent

  T-lymphocytes→ lymphokines → attract monocytes and transform them to activated macrophages → surround the infected area → slow down bacterial multiplicaiton.

  • Leads to granuloma formation

Tubercle (microscopic granuloma) formation at subpleural area 

Consists of :

  • Many epithelioid cells (activated macrophages)

  • Multinucleated giant cells (formed by fusion of macrophages)

  • Surrounded by lymphocytes

  • Known as Ghon focus.

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Tuberculosis pathogenesis
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