Brokerage & Distribution
Reaching out nationwide
-
Specialist teams providing best-of-breed research, execution and settlement through branches nationwide
- Member, BSE+NSE [Cash & Derivatives]
- Depository Participant [CDSL & NSDL]
- Member, NCDEX, MCX, NMCE [Commodities Exchanges]
- Insurance Brokerage [IRDA]
- Member, Dubai Gold & Commodities Exchange [DGCX]
- MF Distribution [AMFI]
- Cutting-edge technology support providing real-time access to clients through a private broadband satellite network, leased links and the internet.
Brokerage & Distribution
Key Locations
Mumbai
Corporate Office
JK Somani Bldg, British Hotel Lane, Bombay Samachar Marg,
Mumbai-400023
Web Address:
Brokerage & Retail Head Office
B-2, Shubham Centre, 5th Floor, Cardinal Gracious road, Chakala,
Andheri [E], Mumbai-400099
OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
- TO STUDY THE CONCEPTS AND TECHNIQUES OF FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS.
- TO STUDY THE GROWTH TREND IN BANKING SECTOR AND IN PARTICULARLY OF ICICI BANK.
- TO EVALUATE THE PERFORMANCE OF ICICI BANK IN INDIAN STOCK MARKET WITH RESPECT TO ITS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE.
In order to fulfill the above objectives, the project was undertaken in Anand Rathi Securities Limited, Kalyani Nagar Branch, Pune from 1st June 2007 to 31st July, 2007 and the information is collected through:
Primary Sources:
The primary data was collected specifically on project hand. One can obtain information from dealers, salesmen, branch managers etc. The entire study was conducted in Anand Rathi Kalyani Nagar branch, Pune, which consisted of information on understanding the level of awareness regarding the concepts and techniques of fundamental analysis. Data was also collected through observation during the training period of two months from 1st June to 31st July, 2007.
Secondary Sources:
Secondary data is already collected by someone else. This data is not collected for solving present problem. This information is relevant and can be used for our purpose. The information was drawn from published journals by Reserve Bank of India, in house magazines of the bank, capital market magazine. Information was also gathered from news papers and related magazines. Besides data was also collected from the internet.
Limitations:
- The study was restricted only to ICICI Bank and hence may not be applicable to other banks.
- The information available on the internet, journals, magazines, brochures was limited.
- The employees in the branch had a busy schedule therefore there was delay in getting concepts clear.
During 2006-07, the Indian economy exhibited acceleration in growth, led by manufacturing and services sector activities. The sustained high growth since 2003-04 has been supported by increased in domestic savings and investment. Robust growth during 2006-07, however, was accompanied by inflationary pressures on account of rising capacity utilization, strong growth in monetary and credit aggregates, demand-supply gaps in domestic production of food grains and oil seeds, and firm global commodity prices.
Real GDP growth accelerated from 9.0% during 2005-06 to 9.4% during 2006-07. The growth, thus, averaged 8.6% p.a. during the four period ended 2006-07. Real GDP growth during the Tenth Five Year Plan period averaged 7.6% p.a., the highest in any plan period. Acceleration in the growth rate during 2006-07 was attributable to buoyancy in the industrial and service sector which exhibited double-digit growth (11.0% each). Higher growth in the industry and services sector more than offset the deceleration in the agriculture sector. Growth in the agricultural sector decelerated from 6.0% in 2005-06 to 2.7% in 2006-07, partly on account of uneven rainfall during the south-west monsoon and partly due to the base effect.
Macro Perspective
Monetary Developments
Money supply increased by 21.3% (Rs. 5, 80,733 crore) as compared with 17.0% (Rs. 3, 96,878 crore) during 2005-06. Amongst the major components, time deposits exhibited growth of 23.2% (Rs. 4,41,913) during 2006-07 as compared with 15.3% (Rs. 2,53,056 crore) during 2005-06. Higher growth in time deposits could be attributed to factors such as higher interest rates on bank deposits and availability of tax benefits under section 80C for bank deposits.
On the sources side, growth of bank credit remains high, although there was some moderation. Demand for bank credit was largely broad based with agriculture, industry and personal loans absorbing 14%, 36% and 24% respectively, offering incremental expansion in overall non-food credit during 2006-07. 7
Inflation
Headline inflation firmed up from 4.0%, year on year, April 1st, 2006 to 5.9% on March 31st, 2007 with an intra-year high of 6.7% on January 27th, 2007 and a low of 3.7% on April 15th, 2006. Both demand and supply side factors added to inflationary in pressure during 2006-07. Demand pressures emanated from, high investments and consumption demand, strong growth in credit and monetary aggregates, and elevated assets price. Supply side pressures emerged from demand-supply gaps in domestic production of major food grains has exhibited stagnation over the past few years.
Balance of Payments
India’s balance of payments in 2006-07 reflected a number of positive features, merchandise trade continue to exhibit robust growth during 2006-07, although there was some loss of pace from a strong growth of 2005-06. The higher growth of imports vis-à-vis experts lead to a persistent rise in trade deficit, on the balance of payments basis. Nonetheless the current account deficits as per cent of GDP remain unchanged (1.1% of GDP) from the previous year since the widening of the merchandise trade deficit was offset to a large extent by the continuing buoyancy in net invisibles surplus.
Net capital inflows to India remained buoyant (4.9% of GDP), fart exceeding the current account deficit. Higher capital flows could be attributed to the strengthening of micro economic fundamentals, greater investor confidence and ample global liquidity. Net FDI inflows from abroad US$ 19.4 billion exceeded FII inflows (net) during 2006-07 aggregating US$ 3.2 billion the debt flows (net) at US$ 25.0 billion were led by external commercial borrowings reflecting strong investment demand. Net capital flows, after financing the current account deficit, led to accretion of US$ 36.6 billion, excluding valuation changes, to foreign exchange reserves during 2006-07.
Financial Market
Financial markets remained orderly during 2006-07, barring some episodes of volatility, especially during the second half of March, 2007. Capital inflows and movements in Government cash balances continued to be the key drivers of liquidity conditions and overnight interest rates. Interest rates in the various market segments hardened during the year, broadly in tandem with the pre-emptive monetary tightening measures taken by the Reserve Bank of India. By and large, the exchange rate of the Indian rupee exhibited two-way movement with respect to the main reserve currencies during 2006-07. The stock market remained buoyant with the benchmark indices reaching record highs during 2006-07 amidst intermittent corrections. The primary segment of capital market exhibited buoyant conditions.
Currently (2007), overall, banking in India is considered as fairly mature in terms of supply, product range and reach-even though reach in rural India still remains a challenge for the private sector and foreign banks. Even in terms of quality of assets and capital adequacy, Indian banks are considered to have clean, strong and transparent balance sheets-as compared to other banks in comparable economies in its region. The Reserve Bank of India is an autonomous body, with minimal pressure from the government. The stated policy of the Bank on the Indian Rupee is to manage volatility-without any stated exchange rate-and this has mostly been true.
With the growth in the Indian economy expected to be strong for quite some time-especially in its services sector, the demand for banking services-especially retail banking, mortgages and investment services are expected to be strong. M&As, takeovers, asset sales and much more action (as it is unraveling in China) will happen on this front in India.
In March 2006, the Reserve Bank of India allowed Warburg Pincus to increase its stake in Kotak Mahindra Bank (a private sector bank) to 10%. This is the first time an investor has been allowed to hold more than 5% in a private sector bank since the RBI announced norms in 2005 that any stake exceeding 5% in the private sector banks would need to be vetted by them.
Banks Working In India
The Indian Banking sector comprises of 88 scheduled commercial banks of which 28 are public sector banks, 18 old private sector banks, 11 new private sector banks and 31 foreign banks as on March 31, 2007. In addition, there are 102 regional rural banks and 1,864 urban Co-operative Banks. They have a combined network of over 53,000 branches and 17,000 ATM’s. According to a report by ICRA Limited, a rating agency, the public sector banks hold over 75% of assets of the banking industry, with the private and foreign banks holding 18.2% and 6.5% respectively.
Private Sector Banks:
At December 31, 2006, private sector banks accounted for approximately 19.9% of aggregate deposits and 20.2% of gross bank credit outstanding of the scheduled commercial banks. Their network of 6,567 branches accounted for 9.4% of the total branch network of scheduled commercial banks in the country. At December 31, 2006, ICICI Bank accounted for approximately 8.3% of aggregate deposits and 8.8% of non-food credit outstanding of the scheduled commercial banks.
Figures are in Rs. crore
For aggregates 26 P.S.U. Banks & Pvt. S. Bs are taken into consideration.
CRR:
CRR stands for the cash reserve ratio. These are the specified proportion of deposits that a bank has to maintain with the RBI. Last week, RBI announced a 50 basis points hike in CRR in two phases of 25 basis points each in February and early march.
Impact of CRR change:
When there is a change in the CRR, the first impact is seen in the banks. For banks, the rise in CRR would mean that a larger proportion of funds will be with RBI, while a fall in rate will mean a lower proportion will be with the apex bank.
How is the impact on banks evaluated?
There are specific angles that one has to consider while evaluating the impact of CRR on banks. In time of boom, like is the currently, lending will give a higher rate of return to banks. Hence, if they have to keep a large proportion of their funds away from lending and in the form of deposits, it is a loss of opportunity for them. This will bring down their earnings.
An increase in CRR would also mean that money is sucked out of the system. This would mean that funds are hard to come by and hence banks will have to pay more to depositors in order to induce them to keep their funds banks. This will push up the cost of funds for banks. Due to this banks will also have to raise lending rates in order to meet the increased cost while maintaining their margins.
The market will analyze banks on the basis of their margins, and whether they will be able to maintain this going forward. A CRR rise in it self means tougher condition for banks but what is important is that they should also be able to keep pace with this entire situation. That is the key to the way in which the bank stocks will perform in the market.
Movement in key policy rates in India
Note: With effect from 29.10.2004, the nomenclature of repo & reverse repo was changed in keeping with international usage. Now reverse repo indicates absorption of liquidity & repo signifies injection of liquidity. Prior to 29.10.2004, repo indicated absorption of liquidity while reverse repo meant injection of liquidity.
Key Points:
Supply Liquidity is controlled by THE Reserve Bank of India.
Demand India is a growing economy and demand for credit is high though it could be cyclical.
Barriers to Entry Licensing requirement, investment in technology and branch network.
Bargaining power High during periods of tight liquidity. Trade unions in
of suppliers public sector banks can be anti reforms. Depositors
may invest elsewhere if interest rate falls.
Bargaining power For good creditworthy borrowers bargaining power is
of customers high due to the availability of large number of banks.
Competition High- There is public sector banks, private sector
and foreign banks along with non banking finance.
Financial Year’07:
- Incremental credit/deposit ratio on a steady decline:
With most banks having run out of excess statutory liquidity ratio (SLR) holdings, the gap in credit and deposit growth is slowly going to close as banks are witnessing currently. The incremental credit/deposit ratio has steadily declined from 120% to 75% at present.
- Retail Credit- Spiraling Ahead:
FY’07 witnessed banks shedding their surplus investment portfolio and trading the same for a larger proportion of advance portfolio. At the same time, pick up in incremental capex lending led to a record growth of 31% (yoy) and increased the average credit deposit ratio to 65%.
- Mortgage Loans- The Growth Driver
Mortgage loans comprised nearly 53% of total retail credit in FY07. Despite the rise in lending rates, the fiscal benefits accorded to them kept mortgage loans relatively attractive. Bank also leveraged on the home loan portfolio to comply with their priority sector norms.
Overview:
ICICI Bank is India’s second-largest bank with total assets of Rs. 3,4456.58 billion (US$ 79 billion) at March 31, 2007 and profit after tax of Rs. 31.10 billion for fiscal 2007. ICICI Bank is the most valuable bank in India in terms of market capitalization and is ranked among top five companies in terms of free float market capitalization. The bank has a network of about 950 branches and 3,300 ATMs in India and presence in 17 countries. ICICI Bank offers wide range of banking products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery channels and through its specialized subsidiaries and affiliate’s in the areas of investment banking, life and non- life insurance, venture capital and asset management. The Bank currently has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Russia and Canada, branches in Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka and Dubai International Finance Centre and representative offices in the United States, United Arab Emirates, China, South Africa and Bangladesh, Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Its UK subsidiary has established a branch in Belgium.
ICICI Bank’s equity shares are listed in India on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock Exchange of India Limited and its American Depositary Shares (ADRs) are listed on New York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
History:
ICICI Bank was originally promoted in 1994 by ICICI Limited, an Indian financial institution, and was its wholly owned subsidiary. ICICI’s shareholding in ICICI Bank was reduced to 46% through a public offering of shares in India in fiscal 1998, an equity offering in the form of ADRs listed on NYSE IN FISCAL 2000, ICICI Bank’s acquisition OF Bank of Madura Limited in an all-stock amalgamation in fiscal 2001, and se4condary market sales by ICICI to institutional investors in fiscal 2201 and 2002. ICICI was formed in 1955 at the initiative of World Bank, the Government of India an Indian industry. The principal objective was to create a development financial institution for providing medium-term and long term project financing to Indian businesses.
After consideration of various corporate structuring alternatives in the context of emerging competitive scenario in the Indian banking industry and the move towards universal banking, the managements of ICICI and ICICI Bank formed the view that the merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank would be the optimal strategic alternative for both entities, and would create the optimal legal structure for the ICICI group’s universal and banking strategy.
In October 2001, the Board of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of ICICI and two of its wholly owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial Services and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank. The merger was approved by shareholders of ICICI and ICICI Bank in January 2002, by the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad in March 2002, and by the High Court of Judicature at Mumbai and the Reserve Bank of India in April 2002.
Sangli Bank has merged with ICICI Bank effective April 19, 2007 as per the order of Reserve Bank of India dated April 18, 2007. Pursuant to the merger of Sangli Bank with ICICI Bank Limited, the shareholders of Sangli Bank were allotted 34,55,008 equity shares of Rs. 10 each on May 28, 2007.
SUBSIDIARIES/JOINT VENTURE/ ASSOCIATES
Domestic Subsidiaries
- ICICI Brokerage Services Limited.
- ICICI Distribution Finance Private Limited.
- ICICI Home Finance Company Limited.
- ICICI Investment Management Company Limited.
- ICICI Trusteeship Services Limited.
- Prudential ICICI Trust Limited.
International Subsidiaries
- ICICI Bank Eurasia Limited Liability Company.
- ICICI International Limited.
- ICICI Securities Holding Inc*.
Background of ICICI Bank
As on June 30, 2007 FY’08
CMP: - 955.45 Target Price: - 1,710
SHARE HOLDING PATTERN
Share holding pattern as on:
Performance with major indices:
The performance of ICICI Bank Price in stock market with three major indices is given below. Performance with-
- Sensex - Sensitive Index for 30 Major Stocks replicates
the movement of market.
- NIFTY - National Index for 50 major stocks.
- Bank nifty - Replicates the movement in price of stock of
various banks.
ICICI Bank Price Movement over a period of one year:
STRATEGY
Business Composition
ICICI’s loan book is predominantly composed of retail assets as it feels retail finance offers significant risk diversification benefits with the credit risk being spread over a large number of relatively small individual loans. The growth of its retrial finance portfolio has been the principal driver of its portfolio diversification strategy. Retail loans constituted 65.2% total loans for FY07 compared to 62.9% for FY06 and 60.9% for FY05.
Compared to its peers ICICI Bank’s CASA ratio (current account/saving account) is relatively lower. As of FY07 ICICI bank had a CASA ratio of 21.8% compared to SBI 48.5%, UTI 39.9% and HDFC bank 57.7%.
Enhancing its strong corporate franchise
ICICI is seeking to build a global corporate and investment banking franchise focused on Indian companies, covering advisory, origination, structuring, execution and syndication. Their corporate lending activities will focus corporate finance and working capital lending to highly rated corporation emerging global competitiveness of the Indian industry offer growth opportunities in the area of project financing.
Growing its International Presence
ICICI intends to grow its international business based on leveraging home country links for international expansion by capturing market share in select international markets. The focus areas are supporting Indian companies in rising corporate and project finance overseas for their investment in India and abroad. Personal financial services (including remittance and deposit products) for non-resident Indians are another area of focus.
Penetrating Rural India
ICICI offers a comprehensive suite of products for all customer segments operating in the rural areas-corporate, small and medium enterprises and finally the individual traders and farmers. Future growth of India is depended on rural India. There is tremendous opportunity for the banking sector in rural India and ICICI to win big share of the same.
Insurance and Asset Management Business
ICICI has a joint venture partnership both in Life as well as non life Insurance business it holds 74% interest in both the JV the balance being held by foreign partners. It is the largest private sector life as well as non-life insurance company in India, with a retail market share of approximately 28% and 34% for respectively in the private sector and an overall market share of approximately 10% and 12% based on new business premiums during FY07.
ICICI 51% interest in its joint venture partnership with Prudential Plc of the United Kingdom for the asset management business. It is among the two largest mutual funds in India, with total assets under management approximately Rs. 379 billion and a market share of approximately 11.6% for FY07.
Other Income-Fee based avenues
ICICI earns fee income from their commercial banking services to retail customers, including retail loan processing fees, credit card and debit card fees, transaction banking fees and fees from distribution of third party products. Its focus is on meeting the working capital requirements, deposit accounts and other banking products and services of small and medium enterprises.
FINANCIALS
Profit & Loss Statement:
[Rs. in billion]
Note: The projected Profit & Loss statement for the period Mar-08 is prepared with the help of Compounded Annual Growth Rate formulae. [Base year is Mar-05].
Balance Sheet: Assets
[Rs. In billion]
Balance Sheet: Liabilities
[Rs. in billion]
Note: The projected Balance Sheet for the year Mar-08 is prepared with the help of Compounded Annual Growth Rate formulae. [Base year is Mar-05].
Dividend:
Dividend is that portion of total profit earned by the company which is distributed among shareholders of the company and is declared by the Board of directors.
Interpretation:
In case of ICICI Bank, the bank has given good dividends to its shareholders over a period of 7 years. It indicates that the bank is earning handsome profit over the years which it passes on to its shareholders.
Capital Adequacy Ratio:
A bank’s capital ratio is the ratio of qualifying capital to risk adjusted [or weighted] assets. The RBI has set the minimum capital adequacy ratio at 10% as on March, 2002 for all banks. A ratio below the minimum indicates that the bank is not adequately capitalized to expand its operations. The ratio ensures that the bank do not expand their business without having adequate capital.
Interpretation:
The above statistics indicates that ICICI Bank is aggressively expanding their business to increase its operations year-on-year basis. The bank has less capital adequacy ratio in 2007 in spite of increase capital as compared to 2006 due to the pressure of cash reserve ratio and repo rate.
Non-Performing Asset ratio:
The net non-performing asset to loans (advances) ratio is used as a major of the overall quality of the bank’s loan book. Net NPA’s are calculated by reducing cumulative valance of provisions outstanding at a period end form gross NPA’s..
Asset Quality and Provisioning:
[Rs. in billion]
Interpretation:
NPA’s of ICICI Bank has increased from 0.71% in 2006 to 0.98% in 2007 which is a serious concern for the bank. The higher ratio reflects rising bad quality of loans.
Earning Per Share:
It is widely used ratio to measure the profit available to the equity shareholders on a per share basis. EPS is calculated on the basis of current profit and not on the basis of retained profits.
Interpretation:
The EPS of bank is increasing year-on-year basis and the projected EPS is calculated on the basis of projected profit after tax for year Mar-08. The increasing EPS indicates the increasing trend of profits per share.
Return on Equity:
The return on equity measures the profitability of equity funds invested in the firm. It is regarded as a very important measure it reflects the productivity of the ownership (or risk) capital employed in the firm.
Price Earnings ratio:
P/E Ratio indicates the price currently being paid in the market for each rupee of EPS. It measures the expectation of the investors. A high P/E Ratio may indicate the possibility of increase in EPS. A low P/E Ratio may indicate that there is no possibility of any increase in EPS and the investors will be reluctant to invest in such shares.
Interpretation:
P/E Ratio of ICICI Bank has a declining trend from 2004 to 2008, a low P/E Ratio is considered as one of the important criteria from the point of view of investors.
Peer Comparison
Key Ratios:
Given below are some of the key ratios for evaluating the banks performance and their performance over a period of 3 years.
Projected Market Price for FY08:
The projected market price can be calculated as-
Market Price = P/E Ratio for FY07 * Projected EPS for FY08
= 26.60 * 64.29
= Rs. 1710
.
Note: It is a projected price which is based on various factors and mostly on EPS and P/E Ratio. Variations may be there to attain this price, no assurance of target price achievement. P/E Ratio has taken as constant of FY07
Concerns for ICICI Bank
- Their banking and trading activities are particularly vulnerable to interest rate risk and volatility in interest rates could adversely affect their net interest margin, the value of their fixed income portfolio, their income from treasury operations, the quality of their loan portfolio and their financial performance.
- Their rapid retail expansion in India and their rural initiative expose them to increased risk that may adversely affect their business.
- The failure of their restructured loans to perform as expected or a significant increase in the level of restructured loans in their portfolio could affect their business.
LIMITATIONS
Fundamental analysis has some limitation involved in it. This limitation can be explained as under:
Time Constrain:
Fundamental analysis may offer excellent insights, but it can be extraordinarily time-consuming. Time-consuming models often produce valuations that are contradictory to the current price prevailing on the exchange.
Company Specific:
Valuation techniques vary depending on the industry group and specifics of each company. For this reason, a different technique and model is required for different industries and different companies. This can be quite time-consuming process, which can limit the amount of research that can be performed.
The sales and inventory ratio may be very important for the cement sector company but these ratios are not very useful for the banking sector.
Inadequacies of Data:
While making analysis one has to often wrestle with inadequate data. While deliberate falsification of data may be rare, subtle misrepresentation and concealment are common.
Future Uncertainties:
Future changes are largely unpredictable; more so when the economic and business environment is buffeted by frequent winds of change. In an environment characterized by discontinuities, the past record is a poor guide to future performance.
Irrational Market Behaviour:
The market itself presents a major obstacle while making analysis on account of neglect or prejudice, undervaluation may persist for extended periods; likewise, overvaluations arising from unsatisfied optimism and misplaced enthusiasm may endure for unreasonable lengths of time.
CONCLUSION
Fundamental analysis holds that no investment decision should be without processing and analyzing all relevant information. It strength lies in the fact the information analyzed is real as opposed to hunches or assumptions. On the other hand, while fundamental analysis deals with tangible fact, it does not tend to ignore the fact that human beings do not always act rationally. Market prices do sometimes deviate from fundamentals. Prices rise or fall due to insider trading, speculation, rumor, and a host of other factors.
This is true to an extent but strength of fundamental analysis is that an investment decision is arrived at after analyzing information and making logical assumptions and deductions. Furthermore, fundamental analysis ensures that one does not recklessly buy or sell shares- especially buy.
Fundamental analysis can be valuable, but it should be approached with caution. If you are reading research written by a sell-side analyst, it is important to be familiar with the analyst behind the report. We all have personal biases, and every analyst has some sort of bias. There is nothing wrong with this, and the research can still be of great value.
The analysis carried out at Anand Rathi Securities Limited on the ICICI Bank, their profit and loss account, balance sheet and ratios. I shall suggest the investors to invest in ICICI Bank than the other banks as a value investment.
Reasons:
- Largest private sector bank in India, second largest in entire banking
industry.
- Strong increase in profit year-on-year basis.
- Increasing EPS indicate good earnings.
- Increase in sharing profit with shareholders in form of dividend.
- ICICI Bank is expanding its footholds on international level also; its
insurance and asset management business are also performing well.
- The bank also expanding their business in rural area.
Bibliography
Books:
- Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management- Prasanna Chandra.
News Papers:
- Economic Times
- Business Standard
Magazines:
- Capital Market
- Dalal Street
- Bank Quest
Websites: