"Explain the role of motivation in enhancing a sports performer"

"Explain the role of motivation in enhancing a sports performer" Motivation is a key element in sports psychology. Investigation into motivation continues to this day and many theorists persist to propose legitimate theories and explorations. Sage (1974) stated that motivation is 'The internal mechanisms and external stimuli which arouse and direct our behaviour'. Exploring Sage's theory further, he believes that motivation concerns inner drives towards a goal as well as an external drive or pressure. He also considers the body's arousal levels as another significant factor in motivation. However, Clarke (1999) believes that motivation is the 'Internal process that creates and maintains the desire to move toward goals'. This theory is stating that motivation is produced inside the body and no external factor factors should affect it. In simple terms, motivation is 'The drive to strive'. This translates to the individual must have a desire or stimulation to do something, therefore being motivated to do so. The question of how do we get motivated is a question that many theorists may ask and investigate in great detail. Firstly encouragement and praise gives the individual an incentive, also wanting to prove people wrong and being motivated off other people's energy and enthusiasm are factors concerning this too. Motivation influences both the mind and body, as well as this;

  • Word count: 1624
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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"Generals win battles, resources win wars."To what extent is this true of the period 1792- 1918?

"Generals win battles, resources win wars." To what extent is this true of the period 1792- 1918? Resources and Generals assume a complex relationship during any conflict; Generalship being vital to the effective organisation and preparation of supplies, whilst often relying on them to sustain the war. A war is sustained and won by more than just resources, however; the 'War' of the Bavarian Succession being a rare example of resources deciding the outcome. Though the Austrian and Prussian armies never met in battle, they manoeuvred each other into exhaustion, lack of supplies and deadlock. This is uncommon, however. More commonly, it takes an effective General to make the sufficient preparation and planning demanded for a victory in warfare. Therefore whilst the use of resources can support and uphold a war, it is the skills of a General to combine the available resources with other factors, such as tactics and strategy, which win the battles and hence the war. A General's tactical decisions have often been the deciding factor in a battle or war, assuming a higher importance than the supply of resources, such as in World War One. German tactics such as the 'Elastic Defence' meant that the Allies never breached their lines despite having a 'superiority of 5:1.'1 The troops in tight formation, together with the firepower of muskets and artillery at close range also meant

  • Word count: 2004
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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"Happy workers are creative and productive workers"

"Happy workers are creative and productive workers" Name: Chang Wei Student No.: 2196261 Date: October 29th, 2002 Course: BA business Year1 "Happy workers are creative and productive workers" Over the past decade there been economic and workplace changes. "The economic growth and correspondingly low unemployment that were hallmarks of the 1990s have begun to give way to an economic slowdown that has created layoffs and rising unemployment.1 Many firms try to find the way to make "just-in-time workforce" to increase productivity; try to find the way to make employees happy and satisfied in limited work place to increase productivity. Physical work environment can influence internal effectiveness. In the past employees regularly toiled under adverse conditions such as extreme temperatures, poor lighting, polluted air or cramped workspaces. This has changed, in particularly by high-tech industries, such as dot-com companies, which have transformed the workplace in recent years, offering their employees signing bonuses, stock options. Nowadays companies have considered the effect of temperature, noise, lighting, air quality, workspace size, arrangement and privacy, to make employees feel safe, healthy and comfortable. Generally, people who work or study in environment in which temperature is regulated within an individual's acceptable range, the production level will

  • Word count: 804
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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"Industrial Business Relationships and Networks"

"Industrial Business Relationships and Networks" - The well sounded name of this course. But what does it mean at all? What was the purpose of the course and what kind of knowledge could we collect during the class? In times of Globalization and a world without borders it is rather important for every company (companies on the domestic market as well as companies which are dealing on the global market) to provide an international network as well as to know But how is that to manage? What are the managerial implications for network decisions, how important is the human factor in such network connections and what means that for the companies marketing? Only a couple of several questions I will try to answer. First of all I want to write some words about the class of that course and second, I try to give you a short overview about the made literature experience we made. I. CLASS - OVERVIEW The purpose of the course was to summarize the key messages of the Industrial Business Relationships and Networks (Incl. Relationship Marketing from a Strategic Perspective) During the class we dealt the following topics. -Marketing, Business Models & Value Creation Definition of a business model: A business model is a kind of architecture for the selling product as well it indicates information flows and includes a description of various business actors and their roles.

  • Word count: 3358
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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"Is Taylorism an Outmoded Form of Technical Control?"

"Is Taylorism an Outmoded Form of Technical Control?" by Greg Bullock 03/12/01 T his discussion will attempt to address whether or not Taylorism can be considered an outmoded form of technical control. I will give a brief introduction to Taylorism, its objectives and methods, together with examples of it in action both today and historically. Having then presented the arguments for and against, I shall conclude by discussing the implications of Taylorism with regard scientific management today. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915) came from a well-to-do Philadelphia family and was a foreman in a Pittsburgh steel mill. He pioneered a means of detailing a division of labour through use of time-and-motion studies1 and a wage system based on performance. Taylorism, as it became known, is a widely embraced management strategy whereby work tasks are identified and measured in order that the completion of these tasks can be standardised so as to achieve maximum efficiency. Taylor makes the ideological assertion that for a given job, it may be broken down into fundamental sub-tasks, which may be individually optimised for the objective of increasing productivity and thus profit. The main characteristics of this scientific management2 include the divorce of the conceptual from the executable elements of work, separation of direct and indirect labour, the minimisation of skill

  • Word count: 2922
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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"Learning through real work is sufficient to produce a manager fully capable of managing effectively in the modern business environment".

Introduction When the low rate of management training provision by small firms was highlighted at an industry group meeting of small business owner-managers, one owner-manager of a successful firm responded that "Learning through real work is sufficient to produce a manager fully capable of managing effectively in the modern business environment". Learning is often taken for granted in organizations. New ways of working, new equipment and technology are frequently introduced without planning either for the learning or the training needs of workers; typically there is an assumption that people will 'pick it up' as they go along. And of course this does happen. The informal learning that Reid and Barrington (1997) talk about in Training Interventions is a daily, ongoing occurrence. It can happen by: Trial and error The person does something, which may or may not work and eventually the person works out a way that seems to get the job done. Reinforcement The person gets feedback from their boss when they do something that either shows the that this was appropriate or not. They will learn to do the same again or avoid the things that cause reprimand. Experience The person carries out a task and afterwards thinks about what they have done, perhaps realizing they could do it differently or better. They work out a plan to try out the next time. Whatever the method, we see

  • Word count: 1328
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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Concept map for Motivation

Concept map for Motivation Introduction In today's community, there are numberless of projects and project leaders. Most people like to have control over everything - both in private life and in working life. Among other factors, to have control and to be a leader will give us more self-confidence, courage and willingness to work. However, to be a leader and to know how to lead people are two different things. It is true that there are many leaders, but only few in number of them can be called 'good leaders'. A good project leader should not only see to get the work done, but also how the work is done. Therefore, motivation of team members is one of the project leader's main tasks. Motivation is no doubt a big factor of influence for how projects will end up like. The project leader's challenge is laying on how to make foundation pillar for good collaboration and mutual respect. Many organisations know that motivation is important, but only few of them really do something with it. Motivation is so saying very central in this paper. My focus question in this paper will be: Why is motivation so important in teamwork? Theories In this section, I will introduce some theories from different people that I found. Later on in this paper, I will use these theories on reflecting my teamwork experience in CS5062. McConnell's theory McConnell defines motivation as the following:

  • Word count: 2979
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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Change needs to be properly managed - With aid of examples, discuss the factors which influence the management of change within organisations"

Computer Based Information Systems Assignment 3 Part 1 Leslie Spiers 7th January 2002 "The introduction of new and innovative technologies into an organisation inevitably has an impact on those working in the organisation. Change needs to be properly managed. With aid of examples, discuss the factors which influence the management of change within organisations" Since the patenting of the steam engine in 1769, and the advent of the industrial revolution in the early 19th century, the pace of change within organisations has been accelerating at an ever-increasing rate. This is far from a recent phenomenon. The shift from paternalism based on agrarian serfdom to the scientific management espoused by Taylor, Fayol and Le Corbusier and implemented by the likes of Henry Ford, took place prior to World War 1. There is further dramatic evidence of change occurring during the years in which the Second World War took place; a war that began with a cavalry charge on horseback, with sabres drawn, and ended with the detonation of a nuclear bomb just six years later. The key driver behind those changes was technology. These cataclysmic changes not only impacted on society at large but on the internal dynamic of the organisations embracing the new technologies. New working methods were developed to meet the post-war demand for consumer goods and for information. As new markets

  • Word count: 1460
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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A well thought out orientation program is essential for all new employees, whether they have experience or not. Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement.

. "A well thought out orientation program is essential for all new employees, whether they have experience or not". Explain why you agree or disagree with this statement. The Orientation Program anticipated the new employee will feel more at home with the organization in a shorter period of time. This program relatively straightforward query regarding basic operational issues is dealt with in a timely and non-bureaucratic manner. Other orientation activities such as classroom and on-the-job training can be related to actual workplace activities. The new employees have an opportunity to adjust in a supportive and risk-reduced environment. The manager or supervisor time with new employees is freed up to deal with added value issues. In this orientation program also the new employee begins to add value more quickly, leading to increased confidence and self-esteem and new employee are more actively involved in making the organization a better and more productive place to work. I agree with the above statement that state "A well thought out orientation program is essential for all new employees whether they have experience of not". One of the least used, but most effective tools an organization can use to retain good employees is a New Employee Orientation (NEO). With more and more organizations doing "more with less," the high cost of turnover and the rapidly changing

  • Word count: 1981
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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From your understanding of motivation, working groups and leadership, explain why motivating a group may be different from motivating an individual.

Assignment Autumn 2008 "From your understanding of motivation, working groups and leadership, explain why motivating a group may be different from motivating an individual." As you know, motivation is an important thing in our life. It can apply to different area such as motivating people to achieve the goal. Besides, there are many difference between motivate groups or an individual and motivating different area have different effort. In this essay, it's going to discuss why motivating a group may be different from motivating an individual. First, it's going to define motivation, leadership and working groups of motivating a group and an individual. Second, it's going to mention the characteristic of motivating groups such as group members of performance would be affected if someone is motivate a group. Thirdly, it's going to talk about the characteristic of motivating an individual. At last, it's going to talk about the why motivating a group may be different from motivating an individual. Motivation, as you know, is a big topic in business management. In this essay, it's going to talk about the difference between motivating groups and motivating an individual. In 1976, Campbell & Pritchard stated that motivation is a "Has to do with a set of independent/dependent variables relationship that explain the direction, amplitude, and persistence of an individual's behavior,

  • Word count: 1904
  • Level: University Degree
  • Subject: Business and Administrative studies
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