Integrated Management Module (Organizational Behaviour)

From your two days team work during the residential give examples where the following features of management and teamwork were demonstrated:

• Communication
• Leadership
• Team work
• Motivation

Your examples should demonstrate how well or not these things were done.

2 Introduction: -

Two days residential period gave me a good opportunity to know my classmates. We all came from different countries so every one has different culture so I know many things about their culture.

In residential I learned about the theories of management practically and we tried to apply these theories in our given task. Some tasks we done very well but in some tasks we face some problems of planning and management.

3 Management: -

“Management is the process of setting and accomplishing goals through the use of human, technical and financial resources within the context of the environment.”

3.1 The Basic Function of Management: -

Management has these four basic functions:

3.1.1 Planning:

                           The process of analysing the enviroment, setting objectives and designing courses of action to achieve them.

2. Organizing:

                               The organizing function requires identifying the work to be undertaken to accomplish objectives, dividing it into parts or units, assigning these parts to the specific departments and then coordinating the individual effort with the available and financial resources.

3. Directing:

                            Directing requires focusing people’s skills, time and energy on organisational goals. This function involves staffing, communicating, motivating and coordinating groups.

4. Controlling:

                               Setting performance standards, comparing actual performance to these standards and taking appropriate corrective action.

   Managers:                                     In order to:                                 Resulting in:

• Plan
• Organize
• Direct
• Control

                                             

                                          The Management Process:

                     (From Management function and responsibilities; page: 15)

3.2 Management at Residential: -

During two days stay in the Brookfield Manors, I learned about management practically.

1. Time Management:

                                           Time is very important during nay kind of work. In residential, time was the main problem for our team during all indoor and outdoor tasks. In our first indoor task (The Shape) we did not manage our time well. That’s why when our last team member went o visit the shape of the block, the time was finished and due to the poor time management we failed to complete the shape of the blocks. The same thing repeated in the cards and appeal for the water charity. We also failed to complete these two tasks in the given time due to the poor time management.

Time is very much important to make the work efficient and effective.

“Effectiveness is doing the right things.”

“Efficiency is doing things right.”

In most of the tasks, we tried to make our work effective and efficient by managing time. At the start of the task, we divide the time for each part of the task and then we start our task. Our team decided that which task is important at what time to achieve the goal. Its like to do right thing more important than to do wrong things with high efficiency.

2. Managing self and others:

                                                      For self-management first you will have to know where you satands. What you know and what you do not know Johari window helps me much in self-management. Four paned window divide personal awareness into four different types, which are open area, hidden area, blind area, unknown area.

We used Johari window to know ourselves and we divided the task in our group according to the result of the Johari window. It helped effective and us to make our teamwork more strengthen because we divide the task according to the result of the Johari window.

                                                 KNOWN TO OTHERS

       

KN

OW

N

TO

SE

LF

Johari Window (Handouts: 06/02/04)

For managing other team members following issues involves:

• Team work
• Motivation
• Communication
• Leadership

4 Communication: -

Communication is one of the curtail aspect of the directing function. To direct, one must be able to influence the behaviour of the other and to do so, one must be able to communicate.

“Communication is the exchange of ideas, opinions send information through written or spoken words, symbols or actions.”

                                                                                                           Environment

                                         Communication (Handouts: 06/02/04)

Good communication is important in every stage of life, listening and understanding message is the very important part of the communication. In Blind Maze task we faced a lot of communication problems because the team who was communicating with other member was not allowed to speak. In this task our team member were communicating with each other by clapping. The team member who was passing the maze totally depend the message of the other team member who was guiding him/her. The communication problem arises again in the Zin.In this task every one was busy with his own thinking, no one was communicating with each other and due to the poor communication our team failed to find the right day. But learned a lot about the results of the bad communication in this task. In Mine Field task communication was much better. In this task everyone was giving his ideas and due to good communication our team succeed to cross the line without touching the floor.

5 Leadership: -

“Leadership, define as the ability to influence people toward goal achievement.”

1. Leadership behaviour and style:

                                                                Some earlier explanations of leadership styles classified them on the basis of how leader use their authority. Leaders were seen as applying three basic styles.

These styles based on the use of authority.

1. The Autocratic:

                                     Autocratic leader commands and expects compliance, is dogmatic and positive and leads by the ability to withhold or give rewards and punishment.

2. The Democratic or Participative:

                                                                 Democratic or participative, leader consults with subordinates on proposed actions and decisions and encourages participation from them. This type of leader ranges from the person who does not take action without subordinates’ concurrence to the one who makes decisions but consults with subordinates before doing so.

3. The free rein:

                                  The free rein leader uses his or her power very little, if at all, giving subordinates a high degree of independence in their operation.

A leader defines goals and objectives of his/her team. In the first two task at residential we had the absence of leader but after we selected a leader for each task. Selection of the leader was depending upon the nature of the task. We selected a leader who guides the team in better in that particular task, but who ever the leader is, he/she always consulted with the other group members. In some tasks, we offered in our group that who wanted to be lead the team. So followed democratic style of leadership in our group.

6 Motivation: -

There are many motivational theories, each based on different assumptions about human behaviour. Some theories argue that needs determine people’s behaviour; other argues that it is expectations or rewards. Combining all of these approaches can provide a simple yet comprehensive definition:

“Motivation is a desire and enthusiasm to act.”  

In our residential, all team members were highly motivated and due to motivation we achieved our goals in the given time frame. All the team members were consulting with each other and all members of the team were confident about themselves. In “Through Bin Bag” task our team was highly motivated. Everyone was giving his/her ideas to do it better. Our team won that task and that success motivated our group more and in the next task all the team members were highly motivated due to the previous success. In residential our teachers also motivated us that help us to achieve the goal more efficiently. First of the residential the level of the motivation of our group was low but it increases gradually with the passage of the time. At the last day of the residential, the level of the motivation was very high.

         

      Low

                     Wednesday              Thursday           Friday

                                             

Johns Chuffness Model:

1.  Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory:

                                                                        The most widely known of the theories is Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of the needs theory, which he developed in 1954.

It outline five types of need, arranged in a hierarchy. People are motivated to satisfy each need roughly in turn from the lowest to the highest. As each need is satisfied, it decreases in importance and next highest need increases in the importance. The process is continuous. Maslow’s theory assumes that humans always wants more, and what they want depends on what they already have. The five basic needs Maslow cites are:

1. Physiological needs:

                                             These include needs for food, air, water, sex, rest, activity and temperature regulations.

2. Safety needs:

                                 People also want security, stability and freedom from fear or threat in their environment.

3. Social needs:

                                 Social needs include the need for friendship, love, affection, acceptance and interpersonal interaction.

4. Esteem needs:

                                   Esteem needs include needs for achievement, recognition, self-esteem and respect for oneself.

5. Self-actualisation needs:

                                                   People have needs for self-fulfillment, for realization of their full potential and for self-expression, accomplishment and growth.

          Maslow’s Need Hierarchy

 (From Management functions and responsibilities; page: 384)

7 Team Work: -

A team is a collection of two or more people who posses a common purpose.

During residential we experienced many theories, which we learned in the lectures. We passed through different levels’ of the Wheel in our teamwork. We experienced first teamwork in the “Shape Building” task. In this task everyone was so anxious to contribute for team, but we did not follow role in this task, because instead of doing one job everyone was doing something else. In the first task” Shape Building” we were in the forming stage. In building bricks and ski we were in the storming stage because every team member was acting very carefully. In these tasks conflicts arises in our team. In advertisement and minefield we were in the norming stage because we managed to solve the conflicts, everyone learned how to tackle ant situation. In the last task we were in the performing stage because a good relationship was established between the group members, every team member was very flexible at this stage, every member was sharing information with other members and also support the other team members.

Tuckmans Wheel(Handouts: 06/02/04)

8 Conclusion: -

In residential, we put theory into practical exercise. That helps us to understand the management more, especially the management functions (communication, Motivation, Teamwork, Leadership).

9 Bibliography: -

• Lecture Handouts
• Management Function and Responsibilities, Lloyd S. Baird, James E.Post, John F.Mahon,(1990),New York, Harper & Row

• Management A Global Perspective, Heinz Weihrich and Harold Koontz,

           10th Edition (1993), McGraw-Hill.

• Organisational Behaviour Bennett, Second Edition (1994), Pitman Publishing.
• Organisational Behaviour, Kolb and Osland, Sixth Edition (1995), Prentice Hall.