Q7) What value does this study add to your research project?
Now we have understood that US has not only influenced the world through their foreign affairs, or grand donations made. United States has been continuously trying to find cures on various diseases, and have come up with many cures too. The research has helped us understand our objectives better and given us alternatives too
3.5 Article 5
Hammack D.C. (2002). Nonprofit Organizations in American History. , 45(11), 1638. Retrieved September 25 2009 from ProQuest database.
Q1) What was the purpose of the study?
The purpose of the study was to answer and to know about every nonprofit organizations and its sectors, as they have separate historical dimensions. The article mentions about most of the non profit organizations and their voluntary contributions made to the society.
Q2) Who collected the information?
The information was collected and complied by David C Hammack Haydn Professor of History and chair of the Graduate Program Committee of the Mandel Center for Nonprofit Organizations at Case Western Reserve University.
Q3) What information was collected?
Information about the changing laws and policies regarding non profit organizations and what these organizations should do to keep up to these policies. These non profit organizations have been able to make donations only through cause of the expanding incomes of the general consumers. ‘’In the past three decades, they have grown to occupy a substantial part of the U.S. economy, accounting by some estimates for as much as 10% of nonagricultural employment and perhaps for 8% or more of the gross domestic product (GDP).’’(Hammack, 2002)
Q4) How was this information attainted?
This information was again attainted mainly by secondary resources, Verba, S., Scholzman, K. L., & Brady, H. E who wrote about Voice and equality: Civic volunteerism in American politic for a Harvard university press. Many other books, articles were also referred like Sosin, J.M’s article on Agents and merchants: British colonial policy and the origins of the American revolution was referred.
Q5) How consistent is this information with other information?
The information provided by this article is very consistent since it is regarding the non profit organizations. All the other articles mainly concentrated on non government organizations. This article helped to make our research complete for the economic objectives.
Q6) How consistent is this information with your research topic?
This article has provided information on the functioning of the non profit organizations of United States of America and how they have major helped in the development of the country.’’Nonprofit organizations (and the political forces they embody) have allowed-or forced-the United States to develop its distinctively decentralized delivery of services under an expanded national "welfare" state. ‘’(Hammack, 2002).
Q7) What value does this study add to your research project?
This article has helped us understand the nature of a non profit organization. Several aspects like they are private and separate from government. They are self-governing, they serve for the public benefit. Now we know about the different types of organizations providing for the country.
3.6 Article 6
Hofstede G. (2009). American culture and the 2008 financial crisis. European Business Review,21(4),307-312. Retrieved November 13 2009 from Emerald Fulltext.
Q1) What was the purpose of the study?
The main purpose of this study is to find the cultural causes that have affected the recent 2008 financial crisis. It seeks to determine the role American culture played in the evolvement of the crisis. This paper explains the present financial crisis from an accumulation of US cultural goals: growth, greed, and short-term gains.
Q2) Who collected the information?
This information was collected by the author Geert Hofstede.
Q3) What information was collected?
The information collected indicated that there have been marked differences between in corporate goal ranking between countries like China, India and Germany and 17 other countries. The findings included the fact that there are some countries that follow the US model in the corporate goal ranking but with exceptions.The comparison between the other 17 countries and US, pictures US business leaders as even more than their colleagues elsewhere fascinated by bigness, as greedy, short-term gain oriented, and out for power. At the same time, they respect ethical norms. And as compared with China, India and Germany, US was more short-term oriented unlike the other countries who stressed on long-term over short-term.
Q4) How was he information attained?
The approach adopted was to collect rankings of perceived goals of business leaders in 17 countries, from their employees who are attending evening MBA courses. Between the years of 1995 and 2002, the business faculty from 17 countries collected observations from evening MBA students with day jobs, about the objectives of their country's business leaders. These students, mostly working as junior managers, and professionals, may be about the best and most objective observers of real goals-in-use of top managers available anywhere. Asking top managers themselves will produce distorted results due to self-serving bias. Moreover, anybody's goals-in-use are more evident to outsiders than the subject themselves.
Q5) How consistent was this information with other information?
This research paper discusses the role of the American corporate culture on the recent 2008 financial crisis. Hence, this provides another view on the causes that have affected the recent recession.
Q6)How consistent is this information with your research topic ?
This information collected is very consistent to our research topic as one of our objectives is the Economic Crisis. Hence, this paper throws light on the other causes that have affected the recent recession. In totality, the recent recession affected the whole of the world and not just US to the inter-dependence of the modern global economy.
Q7) What value does this add to your reseach project?
This research paper helped understand that there have been other factors like corporate culture followed by companies in US and other countries that have affected the recession. This provides an amusing perspective on the recent recession.
3.7 Article 7
Hurley-Hanson A.E.(2006). Organizational responses and adaptations after 9-11. Management Research News,29(8), 480-494. Retrieved November 13 2009 from Emerald Fulltext.
Q1) What was the purpose of the study?
The purpose of this paper is to explore whether organizations have increased their crisis response planning in response to the terrorist attacks of 9-11. due to natural and political events, organizations have been encouraged to plan response in accordance to a crisis. However, there have been onli a few companies who have taken an initative to develop plans regarding crisis management. But ever since the fateful event of 9/11, many companies have paid heed to the advice of research companies who have adviced them to plan in response to a crisis.
Q2) Who collected the information?
The author, Amy E. Hurley-Hanson has collected the information.
Q3) What was the information collected?
The findings indicate that the companies or firms have not responded the way the government or the researchers had hoped for. The objectives of this research was to explore quantitatively how the firms have demonsrtated resilience and changed their plan in response to crisis especially after the aftermath of 9/11.However, this was not found out in this study.
It was found out that the west coast firms in the United States of America responded quickly as compared to the east coast firms in the country.
Q4) How was the information attained?
In the pilot study, 21 interviews were conducted with the exectuives of some of the companies in the east coast and the west coast of the country to gather their thoughts and information that should be included in the survey. Their responses fell into three categories: employee safety and security, crisis planning and communication, and resilience. All executives were sent the final survey.
A survey was used to explore if the number of firms implementing crisis response plans had increased since 9-11. The survey also looked at employee perceptions of their company's preparedness for a crisis. By using subjects in New York(past tenants from the World Trade Center) and California(tenants of the World Trade Center in Long Beach), the survey also explored if there were geographical differences to the crisis response planning which occurred after 9-11.
Q5) How consistent is the information with others?
This research paper aims at examining the organizational changes that have been made since 9/11. It points out the change in the world ever since 9/11. It encourages firms or companies to develop and implement strategies and plans in response to crisis management.
Q6)How consistent is the information with your research topic?
The information collected through this study shows the impact of the catastropic event of 9/11 on the world. It relates to our research objective Terrorism. It was only after the 9/11 that the world took a stand against the ghastly act of terrorism.
Q7) What value does this study adds to your research?
This research paper demonstrates a different perspective as it stresses on the need for organizations to adopt a plan in response to crisis especially after 9/11. Hence, it shows that it’s not only the economy or the foreign affairs of the United Sates of American that have been affected but also the firms and companies in the country.
3.8 Article 8
Craig C.S.,Douglas S.P. & Bennett A. (2009). Contextual and cultural factors underlying Americanization. International Marketing Review, 26(1), 90-109. Retrieved September 26 2009 from Emerald Full text.
Q1) What was the purpose of the study ?
The purpose of the study was to examine the extent to which a particular country adopts components of American Culture. The study examines the factors underlying the spread of American influence based on the prevalence of US products in a country. In this study, two products reflect American culture, mainly being the number of McDonald's restaurants and consumption of US filmed entertainment. The third is imports of US goods into each country.
Q2) Who collected the information ?
The information was collected in the form of a research paper by the authors C. Samuel Craig,Susan P. Douglas and Aronte Bennett from The Stern School of Business, New York University.
Q3) What information was collected ?
The information collected A country's degree of “Americanization” as reflected in consumption of products with significant cultural content does not appear to be a function of the general trend toward internationalization, but rather of the similarity of the underlying national value system to that of the USA. Cultural proximity of many countries to the USA was found to be associated with a greater degree of Americanization as evidenced by more McDonald's per capita and greater consumption of filmed entertainment from the USA. A country's openness to trade, as indicated by exports, foreign direct investment, and tourism, negatively influenced consumption of filmed entertainment. The number of McDonald’s in a country did not relate to the receptiveness of the country’s economy or the response of the society to these products.
Countries which are more likely to adopt the American fast food lifestyle and be interested in US-created entertainment content are therefore not necessarily those which are more open to or exposed to products, ideas, and communication from other countries, but rather those with similar cultural values. This suggests that as trade patterns and businesses become more international, whether at the global or regional level, countries will not necessarily become more “Americanized.” Rather this will depend on the extent to which underlying cultural values are similar or begin to evolve toward the American “ethos.”
Q4) How was the information attained ?
The information was attained through a research approach. A conceptual framework was developed that looked at culture, Americanization and internationalization. The data for the study were drawn primarily from Euro monitor , the World Bank , and UN sources and were limited to Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Twenty-nine countries are members of OECD in addition to the USA. However, measures of cultural distance were not available for Iceland, the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic, Poland, Hungary, and Luxembourg, reducing the sample size to 23. Data on the number of McDonald's restaurants were taken from the company's Annual Report. Information on US movie studio revenues was obtained from a confidential Motion Picture Association of America, report on all media revenue.
Q5) How consistent is the information with other information?
This article is different form the others as this information relates to the culture of America and how other countries adapt to it.
Q6) How consistent is the information with your research topic?
The information collected through this study is quite relevant to our research topic as it demonstrates the influence of the United States of America on the other countries in the world. However, the information collected was on the basis of the cultural influence of America on the other countries. Yet, it supports our research topic with the evidence that America does really influence the world in most of the aspects.
Q7) What value does this study add to your research project?
This study has added great value to our research project as it establishes the fact that America does not just influence the political and economic scenario in the world but also has a impact on culture as well. This is evident by the fact that many consumers in other countries consume products and use services which embody American culture and values. As a result, the spread of American culture has become increasingly evident as US companies, such as Coca-Cola, Levis, McDonald's, and Disney, expand internationally.
This just supports our research topic that, America does really influence the world.
3.9 Article 9
Richardson J. & Robinson B.(2008). The United States as a land of the future1. foresight, 10(4), 56-58. Retrieved September 26 2009 from Emerald Fulltext
Q1) What was the purpose of the study ?
This research paper has been published as a reponse to to an essay by Richard Slaughter, ”Opinion: Is America the land of the future?” . The purpose of this research paper is to establish how the USA can maintain a position of directorship in a world of growing competition and constraints.
Q2) Who collected the information?
The information was collected by Jacques Richardson who is a member of foresight's editorial board and by physicist Berol Robinson who is the president of an NGO, Environmentalists for Nuclear Energy.
Q3) What information was collected?
The information collected included findings that today's shortcomings are not overlooked, while the conditions of future national self-expression and external rivalry are considered in a world becoming smaller and more closely interacting by the day. The authors remain optimistic on the present frustrations in the country and believe that they will overcome and the progress of the developing world will only boost America for a change but for the better.
Q4) How was the information attained ?
The paper is a research paper and points out elements of both strength and correctable weakness of the USA in the foreseeable future. They
examine what functional approaches are needed by USA in order to maintain positive leadership in the year 2010-2050. They focused towards generalized future directions of the nation instead of dwelling on specific professions or specializations. They mainly fixated attention on these areas : Education and training, Health delivery and maintenance, Security, defense and diplomacy, Industry and trade, The dollar, Energy and environment and Science, technology and innovation.
Q5) How consistent is the information with other information?
This article is a response to another article and basically presents the viewpoint of the authors.
Q6) How consistent is this information with your reasearch topic ?
The information in this article is quite consistent with our research topic as it discusses as to how America can overcome it’s weaknesses in the various sectors and strengthen it’s leadership as a power nation in the future. It therefore, will have a great impact and it’s influence will prevail on the other countries.
Q7) What value does this study add to your research project ?
This study provides evidence that despite it’s shortcomings, it will continue to have influence on the world.
3.10 Article 10
Burman S. (2008). Necklace or noose? Challenges to American hegemony. Foresight, 10(4), 69-75. Retrieved September 26 2009 from Emerald Fulltext.
Q1) What was the purpose of the study ?
This research paper has been published as a response to an essay by Richard Slaughter, ”Opinion: Is America the land of the future?” . The purpose of this paper is to consider the most likely future for the American empire. It is a theoretical paper that takes as its starting-point Slaughter's argument that the American Empire is unsustainable.
Q2) Who collected the information ?
The information was collected by the author Stephen Burman, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK .
Q3) What information was collected ?
The paper finds that, there is no single power that has the range of characteristics necessary to match or even challenge the US profile. If the USA adopts a less aggressive approach that contain new forms of power and that tackle rising issues like energy and the environment alongside traditional ones like and trade, investment and security to the management of globalization it can build a new international architecture that will adorn its authority and avoid the new networks becoming block that will strangle its power.
Q4) How was the information attained ?
The information is a research paper and was attained using books and journals about the subject concerned.
Q5) How consistent is this information with other information?
This article, in particular discusses strategies to overcome the challenges faced by America which no other article discusses.
Q6) How consistent is this information with your research topic?
The information collected from this research paper pertains to our research topic as it talks about how America as a nation can work in order to tackle the issues and remain as a powerful nation.
Q7) What value does this study add to your research project?
This study adds value to our research project as it provides evidence to the fact that America can maintain it’s role as a poweful nation and can influence other countries politically and economically.
3.11 Article 11
Baldwin Jr F.N. & DiPerna T.A.(2007). The rule of law. Journal of Financial Crime, 14(4), 405-437. Retrieved September 25 2009 from Emerald Full text.
Q1) What was the purpose of the study ?
This paper aims to explore complexities of compliance with international and customary law when faced with terrorist threats.
Q2) Who collected the information?
The information was collected by the authors Fletcher N. Baldwin Jr and Theresa A. DiPerna.
Q3) What information was collected ?
The information collected was that many countries in order to avoid terrorist attacks they have to take actions in accordance the law of the country known as the rule by law and also by signing pacts with other countries in order ot combat terrorism. However, past 9/11 , the rule by law has been introduced in America. However, the article claims that Have US national security priorities post-9/11 been unnecessarily diverted from the America where much needed support is promised but lacking, and instead have resources been concentrated far beyond domestic norms.
Q4) How was the information attained?
This research paper examines US pronouncements in order to assess strategic validity.
The authors further referred through books, journals and newspaper articles.
Q5) How consistent is the information with other information?
This research paper, basically deals with the role of America in accordance with the terrorism situation. It also discusses America’s role post 9/11. It also critques the actions of America post 9/11. The other articles obtained do not really focus on this area.
Q6) How consistent is this information with your research topic ?
This study is very consistent with our research topic as terrorism is one of our objective in our research. Since, this deals with the role of America pre and post 9/11, it will help us in our research topic.
Q7) What value does this study add to your research project?
This adds value to our research project, as this study can be taken as constructive criticism towards America’s actions regarding the situation of terrorism.
3.12 Article 12
Lee M.,Kim Y., Pelton L., Knight D. & Forney J. (2008). Factors affecting Mexican college students' purchase intention toward a US apparel brand. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 12(3), 294-307. Retrieved September 25 2009 from Emerald Full text.
Q1) What was the purpose of the study ?
This paper on Mexican college students aims to examine the effects of general consumer variables and brand-specific variables on purchase intention toward a US apparel brand. This paper is mainly to provide valuable information to those US retail brands that want to enter the Mexican market.
Q2) Who collected the information?
The authors Min-Young Lee, Youn-Kyung Kim, Lou Pelton, Dee Knight and Judith Forney collected the information. The information was referred from books and journals.
Q3) What information was collected ?
The study finds that Mexican college students' normative interpersonal influence positively affected brand consciousness. Brand consciousness is positively related to emotional value, but not to perceived quality of a US brand. Emotional value positively influences purchase intention toward a US brand, while perceived quality negatively influences purchase intention. Advertising messages could impart emotionally-appealing messages stressing the famous US apparel brand. In order to overcome the negative relationship between Mexican consumers' perceived quality and purchase intention toward US brands, US retailers could attempt to convince Mexican consumers of a standardized quality and respond to their price sensitivity at the same time.
Q4) How was the information attained?
The study is designed to determine the factors influencing Mexican college students' purchase intention toward a US apparel brand. Purchase intention is explained with several variables: normative interpersonal influence, brand consciousness, perceived quality, and emotional value. A total of 256 college students in Mexico participated in the survey. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) , the results were found.
Q5) How consistent is the information with other information?
This study is quite consistent with other information as this mainly contributes to the consumption of American goods and services. This mainly is connected with the lifestyle situation around the world.
Q6) How consistent is this information with your research topic?
This study is important as it conveys a message that people around the globe are willing to consume American goods or services. This demonstrates that America does really have an impact even on youngsters.
Q7) What value does this study add to your research project?
This adds a value to our research project as this survey demonstrates the influence of an American Retail brand on another country. Hence, showing that the United States of America does really influence the world even in aspects like clothing,etc
3.13 Article 13
Morgan D. (2008). American culture, corporate culture, and the transformation of business practice: the role of social foresight in a restorative economy. Foresight, 10 (4), 31-42. Retrieved September 26 2009 from Emerald Fulltext.
Q1) What was the purpose of the study ?
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the role of American culture in social foresight as practiced by American futurists. It also seeks to describe how American culture has been adopted by corporate culture, which is global. Finally, the paper seeks to depict various scenarios of the future of the USA . It aims at helping futurists to recognize their leadership role, which should guide business entrepreneurs and social innovation towards the realization of sustainability and restoration.
Q2) Who collected the information?
The author of the article, Dennis Morga who is at the Korea University, Choongnam, South Korea has collected the article.
Q3) What was the information collected ?
It was found that superficial efforts at sustainable solutions will not be enough to manage the impending collapse of industrial civilization. What is required is a wholesale transformation wherein the focus lies on a business practice that is totally guided by sustainability and restoration of the natural systems rather than mere, narrowly focusing the same old ideology. The author also cites the name of a club formed by high school students in Seattle. The Global Awareness and Change (GAC) is a club that seeks to promote awareness, change, and the eventual solution of global issues. Their mission states that “the effects that we ourselves have put into motion.” However, the author believes that it is not their generation that put the effect of change into motion but the author’s generation and the generation before that. Hence, he believes that it is the duty of his generation to strive to make sure that the future generations have a future.
Q4) How was the information attained ?
The study is a research paper and the information has been attained through a reference of books and journals.
Q5) How consistent is the information with other information?
This information focuses on how the American corporate culture has been adopted globally. This article is different from the others as it talks about the corporate influence of America.
Q6) How consistent is this information with your research topic?
This study is consistent as it shows that the American corporate culture has been adopted by many companies and organizations around the globe.
Hence, demonstrating the influence of America in the world.
Q7) What value does this study add to your research project ?
This study has provided a new dimension to our research project as we can survey various companies and organizations that use or who are planning to use the American corporate culture
3.14 Article 14
Kong M. & Jogaratnam G. (2007). The influence of culture on perceptions of service employee behavior. Managing Service Quality, 17(3), 275-297. Retrieved September 25 2009 from Emerald Full text.
Q1) What was the purpose of the study ?
The purpose of the study is to explore and compare customer perceptions of service encounter behavior in the USA and the Republic of Korea and to identify the relationship of the behavioral dimensions that underlie customer satisfaction.
Q2) Who collected the information?
Mikyoung Kong and Giri Jogaratnam from Hotel and Restaurant Management, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, USA
Q3) What information was collected ?
Key differences were found between US and Korean restaurant customers' perceptions of wait-staff behavior and their impact on performance. While personalization was a significant predictor of satisfaction in the US sample, concern was a significant predictor for the Koreans. Courtesy and civility were important to both samples. These findings confirm the general conclusions of researchers that have observed differences in service expectations across cultures. It also serves as advice for American restaurant companies doing or planning on doing business in Korea. They need to attend more closely to the management of both service encounter behaviors and the sources of customer satisfaction. Customer perceptions and expectations of service quality are increasingly used to forecast company profitability and to boost market share. Operating with a heightened understanding of the cultural differences between countries, restaurant management can create the kind of customer franchise that leads to increased sales and long-term profitability.
Q4) How was the information attained ?
A questionnaire was designed to collect data in the USA and Korea. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to extract the most distinct set of behavioral dimensions underlying each culture. Predictive validity was examined using correlations and regression analysis.
Q5) How consistent is the information with other information?
This study talks about the culture followed by restaurants in the service sector. This article is different from other articles as it explores and compares the customer perceptions of service encounter behavior in the USA and the Republic of Korea.
Q6) How consistent is this information with your research topic ?
This study depicts that the fact that the service culture followed by American restaurants are favorable. Hence, this may lead to great popularity amongst the American restaurants in different countries. Hence, showing the influence of American lifestyle in different countries.
Q7) What value does this study add to your research project?
This study provides an insight as to how American restaurants follow a favorable culture and satisfy the customer to the fullest. It also gives an idea to survey customers in a branch of American restaurant in Dubai and another restaurant and find the difference.
3.15 Article 15
Slaughter R.A. (2008). Opinion: Is America “the land of the future”?1. foresight, 10(4), 4-27. Retrieved September 26 2009 from Emerald Fulltext.
Q1) What is the purpose of the study ?
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the view that America is “the land of the future”. The study argues that, because of it’s sponsorship of a model of development it is exploitive and unsustainable, this is no longer the case and that US futurists, in particular, need to consciously re-evaluate their roles and work. However, this was an article published in the journal Foresight as an opinion piece and forms part of a special issue that includes a number of responses to this paper from other researchers.
Q2) Who collected the information ?
The author Richard A. Slaughter collected the information.
Q3) What information was collected ?
The paper proposes a number of strategies for futurists to consider as ways of developing strategies to overcome their current limitations.
Q4) How was the information attained ?
The paper gives a cultural critique of US hegemony. It considers background myths and their role in creating “American exceptionally” in various fields, including futures studies. It also critiques free market ideology, the role of corporations, market failures and the economics of exploitation. This leads to issues of truth and power and the view that a continuation of an ideology of “free enterprise” leads to the collapse of the global system.
Q5) How consistent is the information with other information?
This article discussed as to how America can become the land of future and how it could develop strategies to overcome the problems it is currently facing. This is different as this article explains the strategies which other articles do not discuss.
Q6) How consistent is this information with your research topic?
This study is quite relevant as it depicts America as a super power in the world. Hence, it’s influence on the world.
Q7) What value does this study add to your research project?
This study adds important value to our research project as this article although being very controversial and subjective as it presents the personal views of the author. It still depicts the fact that America influences the world in each and every aspect and thus is a super power.
4.0 METHODOLOGY
“Marketing Research is a process of is the process of designing, gathering, analyzing, and reporting information that may be used to solve a specific marketing problem.” (Burns and Bush,2008)
Marketing Research is an important tool in the field of Marketing. It helps understand and comprehend the perception of the consumers to a particular type of product or service of any kind. And also in accordance to an issue topic governing the current time.
Implementing this knowledge into this project, the subject that was decided to address is the influence of the United States of America on the world. The United States of America is undoubtedly, the hugest force in the world today. It governs the most of the world’s wealth and is the largest and the most powerful nation in the world today. However, it is not its wealth or power that has impact on the world but its ideals. The United States of America influences countries all over the world, especially the developing countries land the under developed countries. It influences world politics, legal issues, foreign affairs, the fight against terrorism and the most recent economic crisis. It is very influential even in the fields of media, fashion, sports, social causes and events, medical advancements, innovation of latest technology and even lifestyle.
Hence, the research question: The people perceptions on the influence of the United States of America on the world.
Then based on the research question: people’s perceptions on the influence of the United States of American on the world the following research objectives were chosen:
∙ To the extent that it affects the Economic Crisis.
∙ To the extent that it affects Foreign Affairs.
∙ To the extent that it affects Terrorism.
4.1 To the extent that it affects the Economic Crisis
What began as a crisis of finance in the United Stated has rapidly engulfed the entire world in an economic recession. While the entire percussions of the global economic crisis has yet to be felt, the crisis could prevent major governments to keep their promises, plunging millions more into poverty and risking social and political unrest. ‘The World Bank warns that as many as 53 million people more could be trapped in poverty, added to the more than 100 million impoverished by the food and energy crisis in 2008. Hundreds of millions of people all over the world are losing their jobs, their income, their savings, their home, and their ability to survive’’. The effect of the United States crisis has been felt worldwide, while the downturn has largely occurred in wealthier nations, the poor in low-income countries will be the likely victims.
The economy crash did not happen overnight. A number of factors were contributed to the housing crash. One of the main cause for the housing crash lies in the fact that banks and other financial institutions were lending mortgages at 5 to 10 times higher the annual incomes of people. These financial banks used aggressive terms and conditions but did very little scrutiny while providing these mortgages, which lead to an easy cash flow in the market which charged the housing prices as well. United States had the most influential economy because the dollar is the standard of international exchange. A sudden contraction of the money supply caused the economic crisis in the United States. The United Stated economic meltdown also played a major role in the housing market crash world over. Foreign investors who had invested in the real estate market in US had to declare bankruptcy owing to massive loss. The crisis lead to the failure of renowned banks like Lehman Brothers and Wachovia. In Britain historical banks like HBOS and Bradford & Bingley have gone under. United Arab Emirates is not immune to the global crisis, luckily the UAE economy is fairly isolated from the US market and is more oriented towards Asian Markets. The UAE is a net exporter of foreign direct investment, and its economic absorption capacity and potential to grow are significant, as in the GCC. The GCC’s total assets in the US have exceeded $2.5 trillion Alberdi, I. (2009, July 13). But with the recent turmoil they could have reduced in value. Now that GCC economies are also in the middle of this turmoil, the GGC governments need to develop new strategies to manage their assets.
4.2 To the extent that is affects Foreign Affairs
The foreign policy of the United States is the policy by which the United States interacts with foreign nations. United States foreign policy is highly influential on the world stage, as it is the only remaining superpower. ‘’ The global reach of the United States is backed by a $14.3 trillion dollar economy, the largest national economy in the world, and a defense budget of $711 billion which accounts for approximately 50% of the global military spending’’ ( Wikipedia, 2009). The US foreign policy has been the subject of much debate, criticism and praises both domestically and abroad. ‘’The global view of the United States’ role in the world affairs has significantly deteriorated over the past few years’’ according to a BBC World Service poll of more than 26,000 people across 25 different countries.
During the American Revolution, the US established relations with several European countries convincing France, Spain and the Netherland to wage a war against Britain. During World War 1 and 2, the US government granted loans to Allies, but only entered the war after being attacked by Germany and Japan. The United States have largely provided their services to eradicate world hunger, poverty and to fight many diseases, the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation is the largest private operated foundation in the world. Many great Americans have won the esteemed Noble Peace Prize which have benefited for the greater good.
The US currently produces 40% of the oil that it consumes, its imports have exceeded domestic production since the early 1990’s. Many US strategists were concerned that the war would dangerously reduce the US oil supple, and so they sought to establish good relations with the Saudi Arabia, a kingdom with large oil reserves. A very strong relationship has been grown and nurtured between US and UAE which lead to the very recent agreement for peaceful nuclear cooperation between the UAE and United States.
4.3 To the extent that it affects Terrorism
Pre 9/11, terrorist attacks around the world were not dealt with severely. This was because there was no strategy for defeating terrorism. (May,C. 2004)
Post 9/11 the world changed and people’s view on terrorism changed too. This led to a blend of political, social and economic reaction around the world owing to the ghastly act of terrorism. The “war on terror” began. This led the US Army to invade Afghanistan to overthrow the Taliban regime which has been supporting the Al-Qaeda. (Wikipedia, 2001) Since, then the United States of America is playing a pivotal role in the fight against terrorism.
It has also been helping other countries to combat terrorism and other terror acts. It has helped countries like Yemen, Syria, Iraq, Pakistan and India. It has offered financial help of about $7 billion, to Pakistani Government in non-military aid to help combat terrorism. (Borger,J. 2008) It has also promised to collaborate and help Yemen in the fight against terrorism with its reforms. (Walid,T. 2009)
We, now discuss the situation regarding terrorism in the United Arab Emirates. As in June 2008, the Foreign and Commonwealth Office in the UK , published on their website, that the terrorism threat in the United Arab Emirates is ‘high’ and have warned all the UK citizens traveling and living abroad.(Cronin,S. 2008) But, there have been no terrorist attacks as of yet.
On the 29th of August 2009, the National Anti-terrorism committee held its first meeting. Assistant to Foreign Minister for Legal Affairs and International organizations and the chairman of the National Anti-terrorism committee, Dr. Abdul Rahim Yusuf Al Awadhi conducted the meeting. He drew their observation to the cabinet decision of setting up the national committee to contest terrorism. He also described the committee’s execution and determined its authorization and prerogatives.
“A number of issues pertaining to counter-terrorism and the role of the committee in implementing the international resolutions in this regard were discussed in the meeting.” (Emirates News Agency, 2009)
The United Arab Emirates and The United States of America have maintained a cordial relationship with regard to terrorism.
4.4 Research Design
A research design is a set of decisions that are needed to be made in order to plan and enumerate the processes and techniques that are essential for determining, collecting and evaluating the information obtained. This tool serves like the ground-work for any task.
There are three main types of research designs:
➢ Exploratory
➢ Descriptive
➢ Causal
The type of research design that can be adopted depends on the problem or the research question and information about the objectives for a particular research. This is however not a step by step process but any of the research designs can be used. Usually only one if the research designs is used.
Exploratory Research
This type of research is the most unconventional and informal type of research as it mainly deals with obtaining background information on a subject or an issue as very little is known about it. It is mainly used when there is very little or no information about a particular subject, neither there are objectives, questionnaire, etc. This type of research has been used as our research question: people’s perceptions on the influence of the United States of America on the world, needs a lot of background information as well information from accurate and trustworthy sources to support our research question.
IInteviews were conducted with two individuals, one from the gold industry and one from the travel and tourism industry to find out their input on the impact of the recent American recession on the their business and on the world. Thus, in relation to the research question and objective: people’s perception on the influence of the United States of American on the world to the extent that it affects Economic Crisis. The knowledge and the perspectives gained from both the interviews were distinctive. The interviews are discussed later in this report.
Academic journal articles were obtained and analyzed in order to support our research question: People’s perceptions on the United States of American on the World. This method used was basically Secondary Data Analysis.
Descriptive Research
This type of research involves demonstrating a study’s findings that have been accessed to a larger population. Descriptive research has been classified into:
➢ Cross sectional Studies: studying a particular sample of population only at one point in time.
➢ Longitudinal Studies: studying the same particular sample of the population repeatedly for a period of time.
In this research study, Cross Sectional Studies is used as the proposed closed-ended questionnaire will be distributed in order to obtain answers from the respondents quickly and easily.
Causal Research
This type of research includes the stud of causal relationships between two variables. This type of studies is usually conducted wit the help of experiments. This type of research design has not been used so far in this report.
.
5.0 PRELIMINARY FINDINGS
5.1 Interview with Mr. Altaf Mulji, General Manager of Reems Jewellers, Deira, UAE
Q1) How do you think the American Recession has effected the Gold Market in UAE?
A1) The American Recession has obviously effected the gold market, mostly in a negative manner. The American Recession has caused the value of American Dollar to decrease which increases the prices of gold. The increase in gold
prices restricts consumers spending, hence the impact is mostly negative.
Q2) Is UAE an important stop for gold buyers?
A2) Not necessarily , depends on the hour of need. But yes I would like to add that UAE has a large variety of gold to satisfy customers from all countries since the taste and choices differ. People from every cultural group are able to find what they are looking for. For example what an Indian Bride would wear on her marriage day is very different from what an American Bride would wear.
Q3) For how long do you think the prices of gold will keep increasing?
A3) Unless the American Dollar becomes stronger it is unlikely that the prices of gold will decrease. That might take up to a year or two for the American Dollar to regain its previous position. At the end of every year the books of banks companies closes and the rate of Gold is fixed, last year the gold prices closed at 8.40 this year it would definitely close at a higher rate,
Q4) After the increase in American Dollar, do you think people would invest less in gold?
A4) Now a days because of the changing prices people have started investing less in gold and making more business. People now buy gold just so that they can sell it for a higher price later on not to invest in 100 kilo’s of gold. So an increase in dollar rate would definitely mean a decrease in the gold prices. So consumers would just purchase gold in a larger quantity. Even if the American dollar increases the prices of gold might not come down to that margin.
Q5) Is this effect also been felt in other parts of the world where gold is produced and sold?
A5) Yes it has , but it has been felt in UAE and America in a greater intensity, not just in the gold prices but also in other fields. Before the American Recession hit UAE was booming in the property field, people in UAE have lost more money
than people in India. If the people have less money their spending pattern also decreases.
Q6) Have you noticed change in people’s buying pattern? An increase of decrease?
A6) Yes I have, before a customer with Dhs2000 could buy a god necklace and earrings but now a customer with Dhs2000 can only buy a bracelet. So there is a major change in customers buying patters. But there are also customers who remain unaffected or due to family cultural still buy a lot of gold. Since gold is resalable the demand wouldn’t’t be effected much in the future.
Q7) Dou you think the American Recession has anything to do with the current market situation?
A7) Yes, not just in the gold market but in other fields globally, many countries are having double thoughts of keeping reserves in dollars the recovery of the economy is very slow. Euro is gaining more power than dollar. The gold market is still very volatile.
Summary
This interview has definitely given the topic a new perspective. Awareness of the impact of the American Recession was generally but after focusing in a particular the knowledge gained was that the effect moves in circles and is related to all the fields. Another concern raised was that due to the American Recession people now invest lesser in gold and have adopted it as a business to buy gold and resell it for a higher price in the future. Mr. Altaf Mulji has provided with valuable information , like the fact that countries now have double thoughts in investing in dollar. After being aware of the fact decision to research a little more into the topic to find out that there have been meetings amongst different finance ministers to discuss this issue, and also to find out that Euro the second largest currency in the world has managed to maintain stability in the financial turmoil was made. Awareness on the fact that the consumers buying patterns is not only been noticed in gold but also other fields. Mr Altaf Mulji also clearly stated that even if the American Dollar regains its stability the gold prices wouldn’t’t decrease on that level. The speculation has been vast where there was an increase of 10 to 20 dollars in a day.
The key points to highlight are:
1) American Recession has a direct link to the changing gold prices.
2) People now invest less in gold and have adopted it as a business.
3) UAE has suffered slightly more because of the investments in properties before the American Recession
4) Dollar is trying to maintain stability whereas Euro has managed to remain stable
5) Many countries are having double thoughts to whether invest in dollar or not.
5.2 Interview with Mr. Melitus Pereira, Assistant Manager, Concord Travels , Bur Dubai, UAE. 16th October 2009.
Q1) According to a report, “Dubai hotels witness drop of 16% in first four months of 2009".How was business during the first months of recession?
A2) Dubai hotels did experience a drop of about 16-17% in the first six months of recession. However as compared to the affect across the globe Dubai and the Middle east drop was significantly less. Hotels in Dubai did register the highest global levels of about 60% both in terms of occupancy and average room rates in the period; though this was lower than the last year’s levels. On the average the UAE and Middle East did do well.
Q2) What strategies did your travel agency use during the recession period in order to cope with the situation?
A2) All credit goes to the modes Dubai has used to market itself very efficiently world wide especially in Europe especially the UK. It was a strategic policy of Emirates Airlines to offer cheap stopovers for passengers who transited through Dubai. The Dubai Government has also used events like horse racing, tennis championships, etc to promote itself worldwide. As these promotions were captivated by the outbound agents from Asia (especially India) and Europe who formulated Dubai package tours with hotel accommodation and air tickets, at a reasonable price. We have not experienced any decline in our inbound business and it didn’t’t affect our business.
Q3) And how is business now?
A3) The inbound tourism has retained its average growth over the years and despite the crisis we are still doing well handling groups to the size of about 200 - 600 persons and at one given point of time also handled 1000 persons . FIT’s (Free individual travel) inbound travels are constant and have not affected our business. Outbound tourism has however dropped to a certain extent due to other factors like natural disasters, influenza and climate conditions.
Q4) According to the WTTC (World Travel and Tourism Council), in the year 2007, UAE was ranked in the 18th position globally in terms of international tourism competitiveness and in the year 2008 it’s rank is 40. Do you think the American Recession has contributed to this fall in place or do you consider other factors?
A4 ) The entire world for sure are going through a severe economic crisis and the United Estates and European economies are feeling the heat. However United Arab Emirates economy continues to head into positive direction. The American Recession has no impact on UAE growth as the following are the economic indicators and reports that confirms the fact that there will be no slowdown in near future.
Oil reserves: UAE has these reserves can last well over 150 years. There's hardly any chance that oil consumption and demand will go down in future, so the black gold will continue to fuel economic growth.
Real Estate: Dubai has done remarkably well as far as real estate market is concerned. Grand projects like "The Palm", "Burj ul Arab", “Burj Dubai or "The World" managed to draw investors from all over the world.
Tourism :Biggest shopping mall, tallest building of the world, indoor ski resort, white beaches, deserts, man-made islands, some of the most luxurious hotels in the world, international sports event, to sum up, UAE has got tourists attractions in abundance..
UAE is better equipped to put up with global economic crisis or the USA Recession due to the ample oil reserves, strong real estate market, foreign investments and the tourism industry.
Q5)How was the general spending pattern of people on travel packages and how is the spending pattern now?
The behavior and spending patterns of all travelers have been affected by the current economic environment, and the trends we have observed are that both business and leisure travelers who are accustomed to luxury will continue to travel – but they are doing it more carefully and they are seeking better value for their money. These travelers are now controlling their spending; they are taking shorter breaks and booking closer to their travel dates based on prevailing promotions and making use on the reduced prices on luxury travel.
Q6) How was the frequency of travel visits of a client before the recession and how is it during the recession?
The was a marginal decline in outbound travel business primarily due to the outbreak of the influenza and other situation. The recession didn’t’t have much impact. The business has been constant and the clients are taking advantage of the reduced prices prevailing and thus we have maintained the balance in our business growth.
Q7)Since, your company has experienced the recent American recession, what recession-proof strategy do you think travel agencies like yours will plan and later adopt?
As we have maintained a database of repeat travelers, we update them frequently with any prevailing promotions. Also as most of our clientele are UAE nationals, our personalized services and responsibilities for their travel is the main strategy that has been retained since our establishment which is the main principle for our success. The word of mouth policy has always been our supported indirect strategy.
Summary
By now, we all know that the recent American Recession has had an impact on all the sectors of the economy. However, this interview threw light on the effect of the American Recession on the Travel and Tourism Industry. Mr. Melitus Pereira informed the fact that the recent recession has not really affected the travel and tourism industry in the United Arab Emirates and neither the travel agency he works for but other factors like natural disasters, influenza,etc has really affected business. Mr. Melitus Pereira has said that during the recession period, Dubai promoted various events in order to help maintain the flow of business. However, he has mentioned that he has noticed a certain change in the spending pattern of his clients. He also says that there has been a minor change in the frequency of travel by the agency’s clientele mainly because of the outbreak of influenza.
He has also stated factors that like real estate, oil reserves and tourism will provide as a shield to United Arab Emirates, if there is any kind of situation like recession in the future. When asked if there was any recession-proof strategy that the travel agency would use, he said that the current promotional strategy would be used.
The key points we would like to highlight are:
1. The recent American recession has not really affected the travel and tourism industry in UAE.
2. The spending patterns have slightly changed as people now, are looking for value of their money.
3. Factors like oil reserves, real estates, foreign investments and tourism industry will help UAE put up with situations like recession and global crisis.
6.0 SAMPLE
Population
The population chosen for conducting the surveys will be the general population of United Arab Emirates, since the research topic ‘People’s perception of the Influence of United States on the World’ requires opinions of everyone who has knowledge on the subject.
Sample
A sample out of the population will be picked for reasons like keeping the costs at minimum amount and analyzing and interpreting data of the population would also consume considerable amount of time and exceeding the time limit. Also samples produce precise results.
The respondents for this survey will be the general population of the emirate Dubai.
Economic Objective.
To attain information for the economic objective while collar job personnel will be approached where the American Recession is felt heavily. Doctors, Engineer’s and teachers will also be a part of the survey as they have first hand information of United States of America’s influence in their fields.
Foreign Affairs
To gain information for United States influence on Foreign Affairs people of different nationalities will be approached to gain their perspective on the subject.
Terrorism
Since most of the population is aware of Terrorism events that happen everyday and United States of America’s fight against terrorism along with many other countries support. The general population only will be addressed for the Terrorism Objective.
Type Of Sampling Method
The type of sampling method used will be Probability Sampling where the respondent are aware of their chances of being selected in the sample.
Under Probability Sampling the following methods would be used:
Simple Random Sampling Method
Under this sampling method the probability of being selected is equal. This type of sampling will be performed when gaining information from students in universities or general shoppers in malls.
Systematic Sampling Method
Under this sampling method the sample is selected out of a specific directory or a list. This method would be useful while conducting surveys to attaint idea’s for the economic objective.
Sample Size
The sample size chosen for the research to gain a precise idea is 400 surveys, as 400 surveys corresponds to the margin of error p less than 0.25.
7.0 PROPOSED QUESTIONNAIRE
Name:
Occupation:
Gender: Male Female
The following survey seeks to find out an individual’s view and opinion on the aspects regarding foreign affairs, economic crisis and terrorism in relation to the influence of the United States of America on the world.
Foreign Affairs
The research indicated that the foreign policy of the United States of America is highly influential as the country is the only super power. Because they are highly influential, they have helped many other countries financially, in the event of natural disasters and also in the fight against terrorism. Based on the findings, the following questions have surfaced:
Q1) Do you think the United States has a positive influence on the world’s affairs?
Yes
No
Neutral
Q2) Do you think that the recent US - UAE nuclear deal was a good step taken by the two countries?
Yes
No
Neutral
Q3) Do you think the quality of American Education provided in UAE is the at the same level as American Education provided in the States?
Yes
No
Neutral
Q4) Do you approve of America’s interference in other countries affairs?( Example China and Iran)
Yes
No
Neutral
Q5) In your opinion, do you think maintaining positive relations with United States can prove to be an asset to the country?
Yes
No
Neutral
Economic Objective
The research proved that the recent American recession not only affected the United States of America but the entire world. However, the extent to which it has affected each industry or for that matter each household differs. Among the interview conducted with the manager of a gold wholesaler, it has been found out that the recent American recession has affected the dollar. However, in the interview conducted with the manager of a travel agency, it been discovered that the recent American recession has not affected the travel industry to a great extent. However, the consumer spending patterns have changed ever since. The following questions seek to gain more information:
Q6) Has the recent American recession affected your job?
Yes
No
Neutral
Q7) Has the recent American recession affected your spending or expenses?
Yes
No
Neutral
Q8) Has the recent American recession affected your travel decisions?
Yes
No
Neutral
Q9) Has the recent American recession affect your loan-taking decisions?
Yes
No
Neutral
Q10) Did the recent recession play any role in your investment decisions?
Yes
No
Neutral
Q11) Do you think the economy of UAE has been affected by the recent American recession?
Yes
No
Neutral
Terrorism
Pre and post 9/11, the world has changed and a new perspective has been give to the ghastly act of terrorism. The United States of America has played a pivotal role in helping and persuade other countries to take a stand against terrorism and fight against it. The following questions help understand an individual’s view on terrorism.
Q12) Do you think the United States of America has played a pivotal role to help combat terrorism?
Yes
No
Neutral
Q13) Has the ‘war on terror’ helped combat terrorism?
Yes
No
Neutral
Q14) Are you aware of the National Anti-terrorism committee in the United Arab Emirates?
Yes
No
Neutral
Q15) Do you think the United Arab Emirates has helped maintain security in the country?
Yes
No
Neutral
Q16) Do you feel safe to travel around the world despite the many terror threats?
Yes
No
Neutral
8.0 Interpretation of Information
By now it has been established that the United States of America has played a very pivotal role in influencing the countries across the globe and the whole world itself. The research question: People’s perception of the influence of the Unites States of America on the world has been discussed in the earlier parts of the report. The elementary findings found out in this report is that the United States of America has influenced each an every domain in the world be it foreign affairs, terrorism, nuclear deals, sports, fashion, invention of technology, innovative products and services, food and lifestyle.
Through the academic journal articles as a secondary source of information, it has been stated that the United States of America has the power to influence the people around the globe. A research paper shows the purchase intention of Mexican college students in relation to a US apparel brand. This study is important as it conveys a message that people around the globe are willing to consume American goods or services. This demonstrates that America does really have an impact even on youngsters. (Lee M., Kim Y., Pelton L., Knight D. & Forney J. 2008). Even the American corporate culture has been adopted globally by many firms. Hence,this depicts the leadership role of the United States of America in the corporate world.(Morgan D. 2008)
It has been efficacious and productive in influencing the developed, developing and the under-developed countries.
The fundamental findings found out through research based on the three objectives:
8.1 To the extent that the United States of America influences the Economy
Throughout the course of this project, the research has proven that the United States of America has affected the economic crisis. The academic journal articles which were used as a part of secondary sources seeks to find out the problem in the American corporate culture that might have affected some of the companies in the United States of America due to the recent American recession.( Hofstede G.,2009) Further on, the interviews conducted with the manager of a gold wholesale company, Reem Jewelers in Deira, Dubai and the manager of a travel agency, Concord Travel and Tours in Bur Dubai in Dubai, supplied us with the information that the American recession has definitely influence business in both the gold industry and the travel and tourism industry. However, the extent to which the industries have been affected differs. The interviews also mentioned that ever since the recession, consumer spending patterns have changed. They are spending less than they used to. All these findings proved that indeed the United States of America does really influence the world to the extent that it influences Economic Crisis.
8.2The extent that the United States of America influences Foreign Affairs.
Based on the findings through the secondary sources, i.e. academic journal articles, the United States of America has been able to demonstrate its influence in the field of Foreign Affairs. It has been established that great amount of efforts have been taken by the United States of America to improve medical advancements in the United States of America which will eventually help the medical field of not only the United Sates of America but in the whole world.(Shah M.S. 2006)
It has also been obtained that international relationships have been created with many countries like China, India, Pakistan and South Korea. President Obama is trying to maintain a good relationship with the countries and also encouraging development through the relationships. (Sutter R., 2009) The information found out through an academic journal article points out that the United States of America is collaborating and competing with the development and growth of China. (Prasad, E.S., 2009) This information ultimately proved that the Unites States of America to be influential in the world’s Foreign Affairs.
8.3 The extent that the United States of America Influences Terrorism.
The key findings in the area of terrorism has been found out through online research and the academic journal articles that the United States of America has indeed taken a stand against the appalling act of terrorism. There has been an enormous amount of change in the world ever since 9/11. These changes are evident in every walk of life. There also have been major changes in the organizational response to crisis management. Companies or firms in the United States of America have been encouraged to develop, plan and implement a response plan to a crisis especially after the catastrophic event of 9/11.(Hurley-Hanson A.E.2006). there also have been major adoption of changes by several countries to fight against terrorism.The United States of America has started the ‘war on terror’.(Wikipedia, 2001) and is helping many countries like India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and many other countries to combat terrorism by providng financial assistance and military aid. Recently, has also promised to collaborate and help Yemen in the fight against terrorism with its reforms. (Walid,T. 2009)
9.0 RECOMMENDATIONS
After gaining information on the topic by performing primary research and using data from secondary sources the following key findings are to be expected after completing the study.
The three Key Findings are:
Effect of the American Recession on People’s Spending Pattern.
The American Recession has effected the world spending patter. After conducting two interview’s with people in two different fields, information has been gained that people’s spending habits have changed. People now spend less on Gold, Travel, Clothing etc. To what extent has it been effected would be found out only after conducting the questionnaires.
People’s Agreement on the influence of United States in Foreign Affairs.
After performing focus groups with people’s of different nationalities and interpreting the data will the decision be made on what people from different countries and culture think about United States interference in other countries matters. To what extent do people agree or disagree with statements or actions made by the United States of America in the foreign affairs.
Awareness of United States War against Terrorism.
After reading the report, the readers would be fully aware of United States actions against terrorism. But to what extent are people aware or unaware of this ongoing war would be found out after conducting questionnaire’s and analyzing the data.
10.0 LIMITATIONS
During the course of completing a project, difficulties or limitation are faced. However, it depends on how one takes charge of the situation and controls and deals with it effectively.
Difficulty in the interviewing
The project required 2 interviews to be conducted with people relating to our research topic and the objectives. The research topic required interviews with high-profile dignitaries in the country. However, this was not possible. But the interviews that were eventually conducted were very knowledgeable and provided a very unique and remarkable perspective.
Biased-view
Our topic evolves around the influence of the United States of America on the world. The information collected was basically from the internet and other secondary sources like the academic journal articles. Hence, the article or feature written by the author included a certain biased point of view. Hence, this had to be taken in consideration and dealt with.
11.0 TIMELINE AND BUDGET,
Timeline
This project will be executed and completed by the month of April-May in the year 2010 during the Spring Semester 2010. This project requires focus groups to be conducted, surveys to be sent out and filled in and data analysis to be accomplished.
Surveys:
400 surveys will be printed and then distributed to be filled in. This particular task will be completed by the month of February-March.
Focus Groups:
The focus groups will be conducted during the moths of January-March.
Data Analysis:
And after the surveys and focus groups are carried out, a complete data analysis will be determined. This will be during the March-May.
Budget
After the execution and completion, this report will be available to the industry for a price of Dhs. 1,500.
The costs covered in this project include financial as well as non-financial costs.
Financial Cost include
Transportation used (including petrol expenses): approximately Dhs. 100.
Printing 400 surveys: approximately Dhs. 120.
Focus groups:
The two of the three focus groups that will be conducted over a cup of coffee: approximately Dhs.100.
The focus group that will be conducted over lunch: approximately Dhs. 200.
The participants filling out the surveys in university will be given a free galaxy chocolate bar: approximately Dhs.145.
The participants filling out the surveys in malls will be given free pens: approximately Dhs. 140.
Non-financial Cost includes
Time Costs: A great amount of time will be required and will be taken to execute and accomplish the goals of this project in order to complete it.
Physical Costs: The distribution of surveys and conducting focus groups will require physical presence of the group members in order to complete these tasks. And also discussion about the distribution of work among the group members will require physical presence too.
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