What Are The Benefits Of Using Problem-Solving Models To Develop Appropriate Solutions And Arrive At An Acceptable Outcome?

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What Are The Benefits Of Using Problem-Solving Models To Develop Appropriate Solutions And Arrive At An Acceptable Outcome?

The aims of this essay are, firstly, to define exactly what a problem is and what a decision is. Secondly, it aims to explore the various phases of the problem-solving process and assess the benefits of the problem-solving models. Thirdly, this essay investigates four basic models of decision-making and evaluates the advantages and disadvantages of each model. Finally, we consider some of the benefits of using problem-solving models and explore some of the cognitive biases of the decision-makers that may affect solutions and the outcomes.

Planning, problem-solving and decision-making are processes in which we are concerned with finding ways of getting from where we are to where we would like to be. (Fletcher 2002.p99) The three processes are closely related and interchangeable. However, setting goals, fixing agendas and designing a suitable course of action is usually called problem-solving. Evaluating and choosing an alternative course of action is usually known as decision-making. (Simon 1986.para 1) In general, a problem is a situation that we have not previously encountered that interferes with the organisations plans, goals and objectives and that requires an alternative course of action.

There are numerous models of the problem-solving processes. However, the general consensus is that it involves four distinct stages. Firstly, an input stage in which a problem is perceived. Secondly, a processing stage in which alternatives are generated, evaluated and a solution is selected. Thirdly, an output stage which includes planning and implementing the best solution and finally, a review stage in which the solution is evaluated and modifications are made if necessary. (Huitt 1992. para 28)

The purpose of the input phase is to clarify and identify the problem clearly and precisely. This reduces the likelihood of restricting the search for suitable alternatives and solutions. Once the problem has been defined “brainstorming” is an excellent technique for generating ideas, solutions and alternatives. In addition, brainstorming assists the problem-solvers/decision-makers to prioritise the problems and potential solutions. (Huitt 1992. para 28-46) Once ideas and alternatives have been generated the process moves onto the processing stage.

The task of the processing stage is to develop, evaluate and select alternatives and solutions. Again brainstorming can be used to generate practical alternatives. These can then be considered in more detail. Consideration can be given to the advantages and disadvantages of the potential solutions. Furthermore, assessments of the potential outcomes of a particular solution should be evaluated before moving onto the output stage. (Huitt 1992.para 28-46)

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During the output stage of the problem-solving process a decision is made as to the best possible solution. A plan is developed to ensure the successful implementation. The plan is then put into action and the necessary steps are taken to follow the plan as it was developed. However, the plan may need to be modified as it progresses and the outcomes become clearer. (Huitt 1992. para 28-46)

The final stage, the review phase, involves evaluating the implementation and the effectiveness of the chosen solution and making the necessary adjustments. However, this stage should coincide with ...

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