Choose a short section (1-3) pages from Lawrence Sterne's The Life and Options of Tristram Shady; analyse the passage in detail and explain its relevance to the structure of the novel as a whole.

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English: Narrative and Culture: EN1007 – First Essay.

Choose a short section (1-3) pages from any of the texts you have read on the course so far; analyse the passage in detail and explain its relevance to the structure of the novel as a whole. You should make specific reference to the narrative devices employed in the passage, such as: narrative voice, focalisation, repetition, time shift (analepsis/ prolepsis), self-reflexivity, realism &c.

Lawrence Sterne’s The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman is essentially a reflection on the nature of literature. As indicated by the title, the novel is autobiographical of the fictional character Tristram Shandy. However, the novel largely concerns itself with events occurring before the applied author’s birth, including his father Walter’s pre-occupation with the importance of a proper name to a man’s character, his Uncle Toby’s hobby of re-enacting famous battles, and the death of Yorick the Parson from the ill-effects of rumour. Sterne’s narrative logic focuses on the possibilities of writing over the exigencies of plot. Each time we think that we may be given some insight to a previous storyline the text veers off on another digression, ‘Digressions, incontestably, are the sunshine; - they are the life, the soul of reading; - take them out of this book for instance; - you might as well take the book along with them…’ For this essay, I shall focus on the last few pages in chapter twelve of volume one, where Yorick the Parson meets his demise to the eulogy of a black page.

Tristram Shandy makes extensive use of special typographical features and specially-designed plates that are intended to fulfil a number of purposes. By their very oddity, these features tend to foreground the artificiality of literature. The use of these visual texts to communicate what cannot be expressed through conventional literary language is another way in which Sterne highlights the inadequacy of literature in representing real life. Yorick’s death scene here, fairly early in the novel, is important in the context of the narrative structure, and of the development of the form itself. The scene establishes the death of one of the most visibly important characters of the first seventy pages or so. The irregular narrative of the novel, which skips backwards and forwards through time, allows for this loss of such a character. Much of the poignancy of Yorick’s death is the autobiographical link to Lawrence Sterne, himself. Obviously there is a clear narrative voice throughout the novel in which Sterne writes in the position of Tristram Shandy addressing an audience, however his story-telling regarding Yorick certainly takes a more personal tone than most of the other characters. In real life, Sterne’s own sermons were published as The Sermons of Yorick. It also seems that Sterne created the character to mirror some of the conflicts and misfortunes that occurred in his own life. Apparently, as described of Yorick, Sterne’s progress in the church early in his career was also damaged by political conflict. The Yorick death scene, while the focalisation of the novel is exclusively internal to Tristram Shandy’s character, is so incredibly moving and heartfelt (the black page expressing mourning beyond the text) because it is, in a sense, Sterne imagining his own death. Suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, as Tristram does in the novel, Sterne was always aware that he would one day succumb to the disease and death must have been a concept that had a dominating presence throughout his later life. The death of Yorick is therefore very important to the structure of the narrative as it symbolises Sterne’s literary death, and the fact it occurs so early in the novel, while Tristram himself lives on, perhaps suggests something about the timelessness of great literature and the mortality of its authors.

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Early death scenes in literature such as Yorick’s are often intended designed to evoke strong emotional reaction in the readers, and this kind of sentimental narrative serves in forming an empathetic bond between the audience and the character that raised these emotions. In this way, readers are able to sympathise more with the narrative voice applied to Tristram’s character, and a more trusting relationship is established between the audience and the story-teller, in which the audience is loyal to the character’s emotions. This is a theme that Sterne implies throughout the novel, with his use of ‘Believe me good ...

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