In her famous novel My ntonia, Willa Cather explores and develops issues of identity in a variety of ways. As well as illustrating the divide between various ethnic groups, Cather raises questions of gender identity and attempts to redefine Ameri

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Saam Serajian

Explore some of the ways American Writers have raised and developed questions of identity (racial, ethnic, gender, sexual etc.)  Refer in detail to any ONE OR MORE texts.

In her famous novel “My Ántonia”, Willa Cather explores and develops issues of identity in a variety of ways.  As well as illustrating the divide between various ethnic groups, Cather raises questions of gender identity and attempts to redefine American social norms regarding these identities.

A strong underlying theme of the novel is the struggle to define gender identities.  Gelfant (1971) described the novel as a “drama of distorted sexuality”.  Throughout the novel, Jim seems to battle somewhat between what he considers to be the socially normal way for men and women to act within society, and the reality that exists.  As Cather made clear in her early essays, as an author she was highly aware of the way our culture assigns roles or positions to respective sexes.  With this in mind, it can be said that she incorporates these assumptions into her work, resulting in heightened tension within “My Ántonia”.  Her idea seems to point strongly towards the idea of men as “subject” and women as “object”.

In the novel, Jim Burden seems to convey traditional male attitudes.  He moves outward, engages in change and writes possessively about “his” Ántonia.  The conventional pattern of development further highlights Jim’s male attitude to life.  After leaving the farm he moves to the city, completes his law degree at Harvard, marries well and joins a large corporation as a lawyer.  Throughout the novel, Jim is portrayed by Cather as a man who desires to protect women and act as a form of liberating hero.

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As he does, Jim wishes for Ántonia to also conform to a strict set of values.  While he sees himself as a protector, he sees women as an object to be protected and seems to enjoy the typical vulnerability associated with women. Jim holds the idea that he can somehow mould Ántonia into his ideal woman – he seeks to make her “anything that a woman can be to a man”.  However his plans are clearly based on his own ideas that contradict reality.   Yet Ántonia refuses to oblige and infuriates Jim with her masculine ways when she ...

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