Anatomical pathology lecture 3 Pleurisy - inflamed pleura Components of acute inflammation
Anatomical pathology lecture 3
- Pleurisy – inflamed pleura
- Components of acute inflammation:
- vascular an increase in, but relatively static flow of blood (redness, heat)
- cellular an increase in the number of cells and sometimes haemorrhage (swelling)
- exudate a protein rich, plasma-like fluid containing fibrinogen which converts to fibrin (swelling, pain, loss of function)
- cells of acute inflammation: polymorphs and macrophages
- polymorph – alias polymorphonuclear leucocyte, poly, neutrophil or granulocytes. All blood granulocytes are composed of 80% neutrophils 10% eosinophils and 1% basophils.
- Macrophages are large scavenger cell, synonymous with tissue histiocyte or
- In blood – monocyte
- In liver – Kupffer cell
- In brain – microglia
- Coalesce to form
- Epithelioid cells and later giant cells
- Post acute injury event sequence
- momentary arteriolar constriction
- dilation of small vessels
- increased permeability of small vessel walls
- escape of protein rich exudate fluid – oedema
- haemoconcentration, slowing of blood dynamics
- margination of leucocytes, along endothelium
- leucocyte emigration & diapedesis of red blood cells
- chemotaxis of polymorphs
- phagocytosis by and lysis of polymorphs
- arrival of phagocytic macrophages
- chemotaxis – chemotropism, attraction to a chemical stimulus and movement toward that stimulus
- diapediesis – the passive passage blood or any of its cell constituents through the intact wall of a blood vessel
- phagocytosis – ingestion of foreign matter or debris by a polymorphs or macrophages
- plasma cell – activated lymphocyte of the B series, which makes immunoglobulin
- hallmarks of acute inflammation are: