According to the question above,first we have to discuss and expound some terminologies
which are Dependency theory,Underdevelopment and Backwardness.
DEPENDENCY & DEPENDENCY THEORY
Dependency is a conditioning situation in which the economies of one group of countries are conditioned by development and expansion of others. Dos Santos (1970) argues that dependency is a condition whereby the expansion of one country is a reflection of the other’s expansion. Dependency school includes Furtado, Frank, Graffin, Sunkel, Dos Santos, Szentes, and others. Dependency theorists are concerned with the relationship between developed and developing countries, They argue that developing countries are incapable of following an alternative path because their decisions are conditioned by the developed countries.
There are three common features to these definitions which most dependency theorists share.
First, dependency characterizes the international system as comprised of two sets of states, variously described as dominant/dependent. The dominant states are the advanced industrial nations from North America and Europe. The dependent states are those states of Latin America, Asia, and Africa which have low per capita and which rely heavily on the export of a single commodity for foreign exchange earnings.
Second, both definitions have in common the assumption that external forces are of singular importance to the economic activities within the dependent states. These external forces include multinational corporations, international commodity markets. Foreign assistance communications and any other means by which the advanced industrialized countries can represent their economic interests abroad.
Third, the definitions of dependency all indicate that the relations between dominant and dependent states are dynamic because the interactions between the two sets of states tend to not
only reinforce but also intensify the unequal patterns.
BACKWARDNESS
According to Encarta dictionary “-Not achieving usual or expected standard”
UNDERDEVELOPMENT
Underdevelopment is not absence of development, because every people have developed in one way or another and to a greater or lesser extent. Underdevelopment makes sense only as a means of comparing levels of development. Today, our main pre-occupation is with the differences in wealth between on the one hand Europe and North America and on the other hand Africa, Asia and Latin America. In comparison with the first, the second group can be said to be underdeveloped. At all times, therefore, one of the ideas behind underdevelopment is a comparative one.
REFERENCES
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Rostow, W. W (1960) The stages of Economic Growth: A non- communist Manifesto. Cambridge University Press.
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Shukrani K. Mbingenda ( Institute of Development studies – IDS, University of Dar esT Salaam).
- web.mit.edu/esd.83/
by
mbululla (student)
