Web publishing
Chat lines
Task 3
Automation
Before ICT there were manual methods of production control and process control which it was very difficult for company. Now ICT has dramatic affect on methods of production because there is automation production control and process control such as automatically welding and painting new cars where in manual human can’t do exactly what robot would do. Moving goods around a warehouse this is easy because machines are used to move large heavy stuff where in manual human can’t pick up heavy stuff or need more then one person. This automation has dramatically affect on company around the world because it has speed up the process, cost of the process, safety of the workers involved and quality of the final product. The speed of the process has affected because computer system respond more quickly than humans. The cost of process has affected because once the system is setup it is cheap to run. The safety of the workers involved has affected because it has decrease employer responsibility against employee and its benefit for the employees. The quality of the final product has affected to the company because computer control system are very reliable and work continuous 24 hours machine don’t need break.
The advantages of automation are;
- Remove humans from hazardous environments exposure to chemicals, fumes, and temperature or radiation robotic applications: L/UL furnaces, spray painting, welding.
- Remove humans from processes that require extremely clean environments semiconductors, drugs reduce number of defective products.
- Increase quality repeatable operations through every cycle - tighter control limits, easier detection when process is out of control status of manufacturing operations.
- Increase productivity not the primary reason for automation.
AGV
An AGV is a driverless, computer-controlled material handling vehicle. It is capable of performing functions similar to forklift vehicles with human operators. AGV’s are usually powered by electric motors that receive energy from electric batteries on the vehicle. AGV’s transmit information concerning system status, inventory tracking and system controls to a dispatching system. An AGV system incorporates one or more transportation robots, to move material automatically, following the customer’s predefined paths, for optimum operation and throughput.
AGV’s perform Five Functions
- Guidance
- Routing
- Traffic Management
- Load Transfer
- System Management
Advantages for employee using AGV
- Atmosphere is safe to work for employee.
- No difficult work to do because of machine are making easier.
Disadvantages for employee using AGV
- Employee needs to know how to operate the hardware and software
- Loss of jobs because robots are faster and better than human.
Advantages for employer using AGV
- Better quality and faster service for company.
- This AGV is faster system
- Fewer employees needed because of robots are controlling all the humans work.
- Fewer employees so company will save money so it will increase company profit.
- Robots are well design so there will be less change of damaging the products.
Disadvantages for employer using AGV
- New demands on training and skill levels for operators and maintenance.
- High expensive to implement.
- Difficult to implement.
- Employee needs to retrain to use the system so the trainer who trains the employee will demand for more money.
- Company has to pay money to update and to maintain the AGV.
- Because the company runs by AGV it all depends on computer so if the system fails then it is very difficult to run the company and it is loss to the company.
JIT
Just-in-time is a process where items are delivered to the factory by suppliers which were ordered by the customer via internet that will be processed in the company. JIT is mainly used to reduce the cost or the space of the warehouse. Delivery process is faster and more flexible. Just-in-time is a quicker way to order things fast from the suppliers by communicating via Internet.
Advantages for employee using JIT
- Atmosphere is safe to work for employee.
- Order processing is more reliable and faster.
- Minimal Paperwork
- Improved relationships with suppliers
Disadvantages for employee using JIT
- Loss of jobs because robots are faster and better than human.
- Employee needs to know how to operate the hardware and software
- Employee might get sacked because company has to pay money to the trainer to make the employee learn.
Advantages for employer using JIT
- This JIT is faster system.
- Better quality products
- Reduced scrap and rework
- Smoother production flow
- Cost savings
- Higher productivity
- Reduced space requirements
- Improved relationships with suppliers
- Minimal paperwork
Disadvantages for employer using JIT
- Implementing a JIT system will be expensive
- The effect of bad weather affects the company
- A truck drivers strike blocking roads/ports affects the company
- A flu outbreak reducing the supplier's workforce affects the company.
TASK 4
Smart Card
Smart cards are among the latest and most exciting tools in the world of information technology. A smart card resembles a credit card in size and shape, but inside it is completely different. First of all, it has an inside -- a normal credit card is a simple piece of plastic. Smart cards have many of the attributes of a miniature computer. Each card contains an embedded 8-bit microprocessor, which stores electronic data and can evaluate and process that data. The microprocessor is under a gold contact pad on one side of the card.
Different kind of smart cards;
- OCTOPUS card: stored value ticket
- SIM card for mobile phones, and
- multi-purpose personalized cards
- a credit card and
- charging at supermarkets,
- access to facilities, or
- Storing insurance policy data.
These are the benefits of using these cards in shop and factory environments;
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Wallet Consolidation
Smart card will hold all your reward programs, discounts, special offers. And only you can access it.
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Smart Space
Smart Space is an exclusive Web site for smart card holders. You'll find incredible shopping deals, and discounts. To access smart space, simply:
- Connect the special Reader to your PC
- Insert your smart Visa card
- Enter through your card Issuer's Web site
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Security
Password protected system for online shopping and the personal details are encrypted so that the hackers can’t access it and can’t crack it.
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Online Account Access
Use websites to check your balance of your smart card.
These are the draw backs (limitations) of using these cards in shop and factory environments;
- Embedded personal data accessible to many,
- Curtailing protection of personal privacy.
- Transaction trails lead to unwanted tracking and surveillance
- Stolen cards result in frauds associated with identity theft
- Getting track by your employer in the factory every time you clock in and out.
Real Life Example of where Smart cards are being used;
- Phone cards
- Health cards
- Banking
- ID/access cards
- GSM cards (mobile phone)
Phone Cards
Phone cards are being used for top up and receive special offers.
Health Cards
Health cards are used to store medical information.
Banking
Banking is used to store the customer personal details and to use in ATM machine to carry out transactions.
ID/access cards
ID/access cards are used to enter in buildings and to store information of the person who holds the card.
GSM cards (mobile phone)
GSM cards (mobile phone) are used for top up and receive special offers.
Nectar Card
Nectar card are used to store personal information of the customer who owns it and this card is credit card you can do shopping and get rewarded so this card collect points, receive Special offers.
Ways in which smart cards could be used more widely in the future are;
- College/University
This card will hold all the personal details of the customer and this will help the students to access into the building, meals and library in the college/university.
- Health Cards
Health cards will be available to each person so they won’t need medical ID to get appointment and no need for staff to book an appointment. Smart card will automatically book an appointment.
- ID/access cards
ID cards will hold money and personal information of the people details which can be easier for the people so when they need proof they can use smart card because it has photo on it.
- Security cards
This card will be used to enter in building and to take control on the building doors. This security smart card will help to unlock and lock the buildings doors easily instead of manual system.
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Hitachi Smart Card Microchips
This Smart Card device includes features designed specifically to resist forms of attack such as optical inspection, physical probing and electrical analysis.
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RSA ACE/Agent software enables e-business by controlling access to corporate networks, Web applications and operating systems.
- Hitachi High Security Smart Card Micro controller
The H8/3166 fulfils the requirements of all Smart Card applications with high security and small EEPROM demand, such as Banking, electronic purse, credit card, debit card and network access.
- IBM Healthcare: Healthcare smart card solution from IBM
This smart card will help make this technology a universal medium for storing and transferring Primary and secondary insurance information--policy numbers, copies, coverage limits.
- Insurance
Insurers may want to consider issuing some form of smart card to store data about insured’s, their coverage, and their policy limits.
- Motor vehicles
Departments of motor vehicles could use such cards to facilitate vehicle registrations.
- Police
Police departments could use the cards to report accidents.
- Shop
Shops could use the cards to verify coverage or bill for services provided.
In future all the smart cards will be combined together. There will be only one smart card that everyone will have and people can use anywhere in the world on all the smart card system.
TASK 5
ICT
Health and safety with ICT equipment requires both an awareness of the legislation.
Governing this area and a common sense approach
ICT Equipment Used
- Monitor
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Mouse-Pad
- Printer
- Chair
- Desk
The effect of using the equipments
Over the last few years, there have been several issues that have caused concern over the use of ICT equipment. These include Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), eye strain and related problems caused by stress and working with VDUs and there are others that also affect the workers. These below are the illnesses that affect the workers;
Monitor – eye-strain because of;
- Characters are not clearly formed
- Image on the display screen not steady with flickering
- Too much bright and contrast
- Screen can’t swivel and tilt
- screen not free from reflective glare
Keyboard – wrist pain because of;
- keyboard not tilt-able and separate from the screen
- Not providing space for the arms and hands
- Not using a matt surface
Desk – stress because of;
- Not enough space to find a comfortable position
Chair – neck stress and not sitting straight because of;
- Not enough space for movement
- Not able to adjust the height and tilt
Mouse – wrist pain because of;
- Not keeping the mouse close where you can reach easily and stretching the arms.
Electrical Safety – electrical shock or fire can catch because of;
- Loose cables lying around.
- Damaged plugs
- Overloading/power surging
Heat – ICT equipments gives out heat and this is not good for the employee and for the equipments this happens because of;
- Lights are switched on even if it is not being used
- Equipments switched on even if it is not being used
- No Air conditioning in office or not switch on
Noise – Most ICT equipment emits background noise, however, any excessive noises should be reported to the Technical Manager using the ‘ICT
Fault System’.
Software – You should be aware that health and safety legislation covers this area in relation to stress and:
a) Ease of use
b) Sufficient training
c) Appropriate to task
Printer – Toner used in laser printers is a fine dust. Careful handling is required when changes printer cartridges and should only be carried by a member of the technical staff.
Manual Handling – ICT equipment is often heavy and bulky. All technical staff should take a Health and Safety Course.
Personal safety – When changing cartridges, repairing peripherals or other
ICT equipment, clothing, hair, jewellery etc should be secured. The correct tools should be used for repairing and maintaining equipment.
Ergonomics or good design of the working environment can help to overcome the above issues.
Legal requirements that affects the employee
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
The employee has the responsibility of taking care of their own health and safety at work and of others who may be affected by what they do or do not do. In addition the employee must co-operate with the employer or any other person to comply with statutory requirements.
Legal requirements that affects the employer
Health and Safety at Work Act 1974
The employer has a duty to ensure as far as is reasonably practicable the health, safety and safety of all his employees. In addition he has responsibilities for those people who use his premises or are affected by what he does. Part of his duties requires him to ensure that there is a safe place of work, safe access to the workplace and safe conditions whilst at work. He must also have concern for the equipment and materials provided, ensure that there are skilled staff and that all staff receive adequate training and instruction. In addition he must protect staff from unnecessary risk of injury.
Where there are five employees or more the employer must publish and implement a Safety Policy and provide instruction and training. Also if requested by union appointed safety representatives, form a Safety Committee.
The regulations require employers to assess and reduce risk, plan work to allow breaks or changes in activity, provide information and training and provide eye tests on request.
The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 requires all electrical systems and equipment to be constructed and maintained in a safe condition. There are certain standards relating to the safety of ICT equipment, e.g. Specification for Safety of ICT
Equipment including electrical business equipment
- The Centre’s electrical equipment is checked regularly in accordance with Knowsley Metropolitan Borough Council’s policy.
- The Centre’s technical team regularly checks, maintains and cleans ICT equipment.
- A CO2 fire extinguisher should be positioned near to any ICT equipment.
TASK 6
The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1988)
Copyright is a legal protection that gives creators of original works the exclusive right to make copies of those works and to distribute them. As a property right, this can be leased, licensed or given away by the creator - thus the original creator may not be the copyright owner.
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (1988)
When you find something you want to use on a web site, first look to see if there is a permission statement on the web site. Some web sites have specific guidelines for you to follow when using something from their web site, others offer free use of items posted on their site. Some web sites specify that you may use certain items if you add links to their web site on your web site. A few software companies, such as Microsoft, have graphic image libraries that contain images that can be downloaded. They give permission to their licensed users to legally use these images, but ask that you list their company and web site as a source for these images.
If no permission statement is given, then you should obtain specific permission - which can most easily be done by sending an email to the webmaster of the page concerned. Send an e-mail to this address containing:
- Your name
- Your company, organization, or school and your title
- A description of what you want to use
- How you want to use it
- Any additional information
Paperless Office
Before the ICT there was manual system used in the office such as papers for storing the data. This was very difficult task for the employee because it’s difficult to search for the specific details from the records.
Nowadays, a document can be scanned into a computer and the user can search a template profile or search the entire text of the document. CD ROM has over a 30 year shelf life and can store over 15,000 documents. A document that is stored on a computer can be easily located, and once it is found it can be printed, faxed or e-mailed. Another advantage of an EDM system is its archival abilities. Imagine storing 10 file cabinets worth of paper documents in your desk drawer, and being able to retrieve any document within 30 seconds! What is the cost to all of this paper? Consider that an average company spends £25,000 to fill one file cabinet and £2,100 a year to maintain the cabinet.
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E-mail is a paperless; it is being used in communication to send letter, memos etc.
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Web pages help the company to display their information on web pages. All sort of multimedia is used on web pages music, video etc.
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An Intranet is a web site only for the company. It is not accessible for the other user except the company user. Intranet makes easier for the company user when they are travelling abroad such as business trip.
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CD-ROMs can store hundreds of pages of information, such as graphics images, music etc.
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A "fax-on-demand" system can reduce paper and postage costs.
Web pages will be the best idea to produce a report for the Cyberspace Youth Group because it will help Betty and Daniel to display their information around the world for the entire user and up date the information whenever they like.
TASK 7
Facilities offered by using the internet to book a flight
Website –
Selections of Flights – Once you searched the place you want to go it will give all the information of the flights that are available and going to be available with price on them. Below shows how it look likes;
Once the customer has decided on which day they want to go then the registration form appears online and customer has to fill in and pay by credit card and get the booking reference.
Offers – This website has different kind of offers such as Christmas gift voucher, travel voucher, low cost flights and reward earning points.
Email address for inquiry - This website has email address form that you can fill in online and then they email you back.
Online check-in - Allows customer to check-in and confirm your seat selection remotely, from your office or home, up to 12 hours before departure, saving you valuable time at the airport.
Secure website – This website is secure and all the information of the customer is safe.
Announcement of offers/deals – This website does have special offers but customer has to choose from the index options. Its not eye catching in big font, advertise or pop up message.
Destination information – This website has destination information with four choices and they are; event guides, city guides, weather, currency converter.
- Event guide find out “what’s on when”.
- City guides helps the customer to find out about the place such as sightseeing, restaurants etc.
- Weather helps the customer to show how the place is like and going to be like.
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Currency converter helps the customers to find out the how much they will get for the place they are going to go. Customer can also use “Travelex Online Ordering” Use online tool to order your Commission Free foreign currency and traveller’s cheques for convenient airport pick up at one of the listed Travelex branch locations.
Facilities e.g. mobile service, special assistance – This website has traveller information for customer to find out about the facilities such as mobile service, health & safety etc.
Passport/visa information – This website has information for the customer who wants to change their day, time. They can change it whenever they like.
Deals with email/sms – Customer can write message to this airline and they will feedback your question.
Links – This website has link to the BBC for customer to check out the weather and to the other sites.
Terms and conditions – This website has Terms and conditions information for the customer when they are booking a flight online.
Travel Insurance – This website has insurance policy with prices so the customer can decide if they want to book or not.
Language selections – This website is available in all language.
Car Hire – When customers book a flight they can hire a car.
Hotel Booking - When customers book a flight they can rent a hotel rooms.
Index – This website has index sorted in alphabetical order and this helps the customer to find out what they are looking for example baggage information so the index has letter A-Z and click on letter B it will show all the information.
This website is well presented with clear information for the customers.
Facilities offered by using the internet to research Sixth Form College
Website
Home – This college website has home page and then index page with different
options to choose from.
Our Principal – This page has principle comments for the students who are
thinking to apply.
Our Courses – This page has information of all the courses that are available in
this college. The information about the courses are in detail.
International Students – This page has courses for the international students.
Adult Learners – This page has information about the courses that the adult
can study as well as there are evening classes.
Student Showcase – This page shows the students work in past years.
News – This page shows the events and news that were connected to the
Regent College.
Friends – This page shows the links to partner organisations.
Vacancies – This page is for the people who are looking for the job in this
college.
Contact Us – This page has contact details of the regent college and online
form for information.
Partnership Coordinator – This page has information which enables us to share up-to-date information with our teachers and managers in our partner centres in the City of Leicester. It enables us to respond rapidly to the needs of our learners, and to use our resources effectively.
Advantages and Disadvantages of using the internet for the family
Advantages and Disadvantages of using the internet for the environment
Comparing booking a flight on the internet with booking a flight using the travel agent
Comparing researching on the internet about Sixth Form College with manual alternative methods
Consider factors relating to levels of employment due to the growth of Internet services.
Due to the growth of internet services company are sacking the employees out and there are loss of jobs because internet is used to get things faster and easier for the company benefits. Example Company that has warehouse doesn’t need because the companies are using JIT system which helps the company getting goods on time. This saves money because the companies don’t have to pay to employees. Company uses JIT system to get good so the goods are delivered by delivery services so there is rise of jobs in postal and delivery services. Postal and delivery services are rise because not just company but people around the world do shopping through internet. Internet is cheap for advertising and its open 24 hours so this helps the company to advertise and use e-commerce for buying and selling goods on internet. There are different kinds of jobs in Internet such as web designer, system analyst, computer programmer etc. There are fewer jobs available in IT because all around the world everyone likes to do IT. The other thing about internet that some jobs are been done in out country example web designer, this job in UK the company pays 40k but they send it to different country like India and tell them to make website for the company which only cost 13k. The jobs in IT are getting fewer and fewer. The last thing about internet is that web services are increasing and new software are developing so the old employee might don’t know about it so the company has to train them to use it and this cost money and the trainer will demand for more money to train the employee. This will lead to company loss.