Budget 2004-05 and Economic Analysis of Pakistan
TABLE OF CONTENTS * Preface * Acknowledgements * Introduction to Budget ............................................ .......1 * Budget 1 * Purpose of Budget 1 * Role of The Budget 1 * Objectives of Budget Preparation 1 * Budget 2004 - 2005 ......................................................2 * Challenges 2 * Salient Features 3 * Comparative Budgetary Position 2003-04 & 2004-05 5 * Resource Position 2004-05 6 * Internal Resources 7 * External Resources 11 * Provincial Share In Federal Receipts 12 * Province-Wise Share 13 * Current Expenditure 14 * Budget At A Glance ........... ........................................21 * Receipts 21 * Expenditure 22 * Provincial Budget 2004-05 ........................................... 23 * Punjab Budget - Highlights 23 * Economic Analysis 2003 - 2004.........................................24 * The Economic Survey - Highlights 24 * Economy - Summary 30 * Conclusions........... .................................................. 34 * Bibliography ..............................................................35 PREFACE Macro-Economics is the study of the behavior of the economy as a whole. It it examines the forces that effect many firms, consumers, and workers at the same time. Macro-Economics deals with many challenges and
Extended Project - Microcredit
Project Proposal Form Section One Topic Proposed title, responsibilities and format Microcredit . "What is microcredit?, and is the concept economically and ethically viable? " The aim of this dissertation is to provide an in depth analysis of the ethical and economical issues that arise from the concept of microcredit; discussing both the positive and negative aspects of the scheme, enabling me to develop a understanding of the concept, as well as the arguments for and against it. I also intend to pose questions about the ethics of the microcredit model, and the sustainability and viability of the model. The project will be a 6,500 word dissertation examining the above topic utilising the following arrangement: * Project Proposal Form * Abstract * Introduction * Literature Review * Discussion * Conclusion * Bibliography Section Two Rationale After reading an article in 2006 regarding Muhammad Yunus winning the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to create economic and social development with his application of microcredit, I was immediately captivated. The article introduced the concept as being the extension of small time loans (microloans, which are often under 100$) to impoverished entrepreneurs and people wishing to become self sufficient. What amazed me was the fact that the poorest people with the most deprived backgrounds had such high
Governments set economic objectives - Discuss the relative importance of each of these objectives - Can governments meet all these targets at once
Q. Governments set economic objectives. Discuss the relative importance of each of these objectives (discussed so far). Can governments meet all these targets at once? The economic objectives the UK government aims to achieve, which have been discussed so far, include maintaining a low level of unemployment, price stability and steady level of inflation and high yet sustainable levels of economic growth. Each economic objective will be analysed in turn and discover its importance in the UK economy. Unemployment measures the amount of people that are actively seeking employment at a point in time. Typically in the UK, unemployment is measured by the number of people claiming benefits, even though there are other techniques of measuring unemployment. Equilibrium in the labour market exists when the demand for labour is equal to the supply of labour. Figure 1.0 - Labour market in equilibrium Even in equilibrium, there may be some level of unemployment, such as frictional and search unemployment, seasonal unemployment and structural unemployment. Sometimes, the labour market moves out of the equilibrium. Figure 2.0 - Disequilibrium in the labour market In Figure 2.0, the wage rate is above the market clearing wage rate, P, thus, causing fewer workers to be demanded by employers because the wage rate is too high, yet an extension in the supply of workers because
How have the Rates of Inflation in the UK Changed Since the Monetary Policy Committee was Established in 1997?
How have the Rates of Inflation in the UK Changed Since the Monetary Policy Committee was Established in 1997? Contents * Introduction Page 3 * Background Page 3 * Theory Page 3 - 8 * Date Presentation, Analysis and Evaluation Page 9 - 18 * Conclusion Page 19 * Bibliography Page 20 Contents for diagrams and graphs: * Diagram 1 Page 4 * Diagram 2 Page 4 * Diagram 3 Page 5 * Diagram 4 Page 6 * Diagram 5 Page 7 * Diagram 6 Page 7 * Diagram 7 Page 8 * Graph 1 - RPIX Inflation Page 9 * Graph 2 - RPI Inflation Page 10 * Graph 3 - British and European Union Inflation Page 11 * Graph 4 - Base Rates of Inflation in the UK since 1990 Page 11 * Graph 5 - The Economic Cycle since 1988 Page 13 * Graph 6 - Growth of Real National output and RPIX Inflation Page 13 * Graph 7 - UK Consumer Confidence Page 14 * Graph 8 - Mortgage Interest Rates and Consumption Page 15 * Graph 9 - Real Personal Disposable Income Page 15 * Graph 10 - UK Interest Rates and RPIX Inflation Page 16 How have the Rates of Inflation in the UK Changed Since the Monetary Policy Committee was Established in 1997 Introduction In this project I will be looking at how the inflation rates have changed in the UK since 1991. Specifically I will be looking at whether the independence of the Bank
Comparing the effects of immigration on GDP in Malaysia, Japan and South Africa.
.0 Introduction Lately, there are a lot of immigrants or foreign labour force residing in many countries either legally or illegally. The International Organization for Migration (IOM) states that there are more than 200 million of migrants globally. The number of immigrants especially in developing countries and developed countries increase very rapidly. According to the United Nations, majority of the migrants are come from Asia. Malaysia has hosted more than one million of foreign immigrants, mostly from Indonesia, Bangladesh, Thailand, Myanmar and Philippines while Japan is home for immigrants from Vietnam, China and Myanmar. On the other hand, South Africa has many refugees and asylum seekers residing in it. The existence of immigrants would have played a vital role in the economy. They have contributed quite a large portion to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We are now going to analyze on the economic condition of Japan which is a developed country, Malaysia as a developing country, and South Africa as an undeveloped country. Analysis on immigrants' contribution on the economic condition will be done. 2.0 Japan 2.1 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from 2000 to 2008 Please refer to Attachment 1.0. It is a table of Gross Domestic Product of Japan since 2000 to 2008. The GDP of Japan shows increase since year 2000 to 2007. However, it suddenly declined 2.74% at
Unemployment Issues in Germany
UNEMPLOYMENT ISSUES IN GERMANY CASE STUDY Geographic situation Germany is located in Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark. The country is sharing boundaries with Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Luxembourg Netherlands, Poland, and Switzerland. Germany can be divided into three major geographic regions: the low-lying German plain, the central German uplands, and the ranges of the Central Alps. The climate is temperate and marine with cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers. Germany has many natural resources such as iron ore, coal, potash, timber, lignite, uranium, copper, natural gas and many others. Coming into the 62nd position, the country has an area of 357,021 sq km. 33% of Germany's land is for arable land, 1% is permanent crops, 15% is permanent pastures, 31% is made of forests and woodla```nd and there's a 20% of other. General information The population of Germany is 83,252,000 million but 7 million of them are foreign residents. The age structure is 0-14 years: 14.1%, 15-64 years: 66.4%, and 65 years and over: 19.4%. The capital of Germany is Berlin, which is the largest city with nearly six and a half million inhabitants and the official language spoken is German. Germany is the 62nd largest country of the world with an area of 356,910 sq. km. The ethnic make-up of the
To what extent does the government budget/statement reflect current government priorities?
How far does the budget reflect current government priorities? "Government's view of the economy could be summed up in a few short phrases: If it moves, tax it. If it keeps moving, regulate it. And if it stops moving, subsidise it" - Ronald Reagan In my coursework I shall be discovering what the annual government budget is, what it is spent on and why, correlating this with current priorities. I shall be investigating to what extent does the governments' expenditure reflect on these current government priorities i.e. the amount spent on defence, the education sector and social protection. I shall be mostly using secondary research, through using websites and maybe books. I will compare spending from previous budgets to the current one and find out where changes, if any, have been made. Through figuring out where the money is spent, I can discover what the main priorities are but not neglecting the fact that some sectors are larger and undoubtedly require money being spent, e.g. Healthcare and public order & safety. Government expenditure is vital for the efficient running of the economy. The need for much of the government expenditure arises from the facts that some goods will not be provided at all by a free market economy (public goods) and that others will be under-provided (merit goods). It is spending on these goods that accounts for a large proportion of government
Pakistan is in the grip of a serious energy crisis that is affecting all sectors of the economy and the various segments of the society. As the situation stands to-day, there are hardly any immediate solutions to resolve the issue.
AN OVERVIEW Crisis' has been coined by a Greek word which means 'decisive moment'. Crisis is declared when something has gone to a level where an action must be taken to avoid complete disaster or breakdown. Energy is essential for the maintenance and development of the quality of human life as well as for economic activities. To maintain accelerated growth momentum, the economy needs reliable, uninterrupted and affordable supply of energy. Pakistan is in the grip of a serious energy crisis that is affecting all sectors of the economy and the various segments of the society. As the situation stands to-day, there are hardly any immediate solutions to resolve the issue. A change of attitude and a change of life style is needed at the national level which should be triggered by the ruling elite and followed by all segments of the society that have access to electricity. At best there could be some short and long-term solutions to the crisis but they need immediate planning and execution with an enormous investment. SOURCES OF ENERGY : Pakistan's commercially exploitable energy resources consist of coal, gas, oil and hydropower, and a large base of traditional fuels in the form of fuel wood, agricultural and animal wastes. Pakistan does not have adequate energy reserves . Pakistan has to import large quantities of oil to meet its energy requirements There has been consistent
Indian Economics
TOTAL NO OF WORDS: 3261. ECONOMICS ASSIGNMENT ON INDIAN ECONOMICS BY:-PUNIT.BAUVA PROFESSOR:-MR.J.R.JASINSK INDEX:- SR.NO TOPICS . INTRODUCTION 2. MACRO ECONOMICS 3. HEALTHY ECONOMIC GROWTH. 4. FULL EMPLOYMENT. 5. HEALTHY BALANCE OF PAYMENTS. 6. INFLATION. 7. DEMAND SIDE AND SUPPLY SIDE POLICIES. 8. GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT. 9. CONCLUSION. 1. INTRODUCTION: The term "Economics" is derived from two Greek words, oikou and nomos, meaning the rule or law of the household.There are several definitions of economics such as "SCIENCE OF WEALTH" by Adam Smith and J.B.SAY, "SCIENCE OF MATERIAL WELL BEING" by Alfred Marshall and A.C.Pigou, "SCIENCE OF CHOICE MAKING" by Robbins and "SCIENCE OF DYNAMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT" by Paul.A.Samuelson. Indian Economy is the third-largest in the world.The economy is diverse and encompasses agriculture, handicrafts, textile, manufacturing, and a multitude of services. Although two-thirds of the Indian workforce still earn their livelihood directly or indirectly through agriculture, services are a growing sector and are playing an increasingly important role of India's economy. However, since the early 1990s, India has gradually opened up its markets through economic reforms by reducing government controls on foreign trade and investment. India faces a burgeoning population and
Identify the causes of unemployment and suggest suitable remedies
Unemployment . There are two main methods of measuring unemployment in the UK: a) the claimant count b) the labour force survey a) This method was used for the whole of the 1980s and most of the 1990s. It simply involves taking a count of the number of people unemployed and claiming benefit. These are: the Jobseeker's Allowance (JSA) and National Insurance credits, claimed at Employment Service local offices. People claiming JSA (formerly Unemployment Benefit) must declare that they are out of work, capable of, available for and actively seeking work during the week in which the claim is made. They enter into a Jobseeker's agreement agreeing to take action to find work and to improve their prospects of finding employment. However, this method has many imperfections and so the incoming Labour government in 1997 changed to the second method of calculating unemployment. This measure has been seen as inaccurate because it omits many people who are unemployed but are not actually claiming benefit. There have been thirty changes to the way in which this measure is counted over the last twenty years. For example: in the late 80s, it was decided that those aged between 16-17years old should not count, because they could either stay in education or engage in government training. Also, more recently, it was decided that one could only claim Jobseekers Allowance for six months,
