Jay Gatsby is an updated version of the American frontiersman of earlier times. With reference to appropriately selected parts of the novel, and relevant external contextual information, give your response to the above view.

Further support for this proposition can be found when we consider the exploitative nature of the frontiersman and how this can be updated to relate to Gatsby. The original frontiersmen exploited both the land and the Native Indians who owned it, through methods of violence and bioterrorism. The Americans had far better weaponry than the Native Americans, but the biggest killer was diseases brought over by the Europeans, especially smallpox. The Native Americans weren't exposed to this sicknesses and immunity wasn't in their gene pool, so they died much faster than the Europeans. Although Gatsby doesn’t have any natives to exploit, it could be argued that he is still exploitative but in a more updated manner. Nick makes a direct comparison between Gatsby and the American frontiersman of earlier times. He writes of, “the old island here that flowered once for Dutch sailors' eyes… Its vanished trees, the trees that had made way for Gatsby's house, had once pandered in whispers to the last and greatest of all human dreams.” This suggests that Gatsby has exploited the local environment in order to build his house. Whereas the original frontiersman exploited natural resources such as oil, Gatsby exploits economic resources. Despite living near an area of intense poverty, Gatsby spends all of his wealth on achieving his own selfish dreams. When we consider that Gatsby has exploited both land and money, it is easy to see why many view him as an updated version of the American frontiersman of earlier times.

Moreover, it could be argued that Gatsby’s apparent lawlessness links him to the American frontiersman of earlier times. Fitzgerald hints at the criminal reality of Gatsby’s life several times in the book, even from the rumours spread by his party guests: "Somebody told me they thought he killed a man once." Later on in the novel Gatsby’s own behaviour when Nick asks about his business suggests that he is not as pure as he likes to appear: “I think he hardly knew what he was saying, for when I asked him what business he was in he answered, "That's my affair," before he realized that it wasn't the appropriate reply.” The American frontiersman of earlier times also engaged in criminal activities, which was referred to as banditry. This was conducted by the infamous outlaws of the West, including Jesse James and Billy the Kid, who preyed on banks, trains, stagecoaches, and in some cases even armed government transports such as the Wham Paymaster Robbery. Although popular media has glamorised these figures, in reality they are little more than lawless criminals. The same can be said of Gatsby; his lifestyle appears to be glamourous on the outside but is simply a façade for a life of crime. The type of crime that Gatsby is engaged in is an updated version of what the original frontiersman would have carried out. Whereas they robbed people at gunpoint, Gatsby’s criminality is subtler and is based on the illegal business of bootlegging. In light of this, it perplexes me that anyone could claim that Jay Gatsby is not an updated version of the American frontiersman of earlier times.

On the other hand, those that oppose my view claim that Gatsby is not an updated version of the American frontiersman of earlier times because their values are diametrically opposed to each other. There may be some merit to this opinion, especially when we consider what each party hoped to achieve. Establishing a new frontier involved the claiming of land, a tangible and worthy and fulfilling acquisition, while achieving the materialistic American Dream is empty in its hollow materialism. This empty materialism that absorbed Gatsby’s life is clearly evident from the descriptions of his house: “His house had never seemed so enormous to me as it did that night when we hunted through the great rooms for cigarettes.” When the frontiersman claimed new land, it was farmed and settled upon for the good of the community. Gatsby, on the other hand, has built an empire based not on community but on selfish accumulation of wealth for the sake of wealth. We get a sense of how careless he is about his possessions when he brings Daisy to his house: “He took out a pile of shirts and began throwing them, one by one.” Again, this is the opposite of how a frontiersman would treat his new possessions. Gatsby’s throwaway attitude could mean that he is not an updated version of the American frontiersman of earlier times.

Furthermore, another argument contrary to the statement that Jay Gatsby is an updated version of the American frontiersman of earlier times is that he is different from the frontiersman because he fails where his predecessor succeeds.  Gatsby's narrative is tragic, and we, as the reader, grasp this.  He loses in this quest, whereas the frontiersman, for the most part, was successful.  Gatsby’s failure is evidenced when Nick writes about his death: “It was after we started with Gatsby toward the house that the gardener saw Wilson's body a little way off in the grass, and the holocaust was complete.” The use of a word as strong as holocaust emphasises how tragic Gatsby’s death was; he never attained his dream of being with Daisy. Frontiersmen, on the other hand, are renowned for succeeding in their quests. An example of a successful frontiersman is Daniel Boone, an explorer. Under Boone's leadership, the team of explorers discovered a trail to the far west though the Cumberland Gap. The trail would become the means by which the public would access the frontier. Compared to men like Boone, Gatsby is pathetic and is not an updated version of the American frontiersman of earlier times.

The claim that Jay Gatsby is an updated version of the American frontiersman of earlier times could be contested when we consider that other characters may be a better fit. A key example would be Dan Cody. We are told that he was, “a product of the Nevada silver fields, of the Yukon, of every rush for metal since seventy-five.” This is a reference to the Gold Rush. In these metal rushes, workers would migrate quickly to an area rich in a certain metal seeking a profit. The particular Yukon gold rush in question was the Klondike Gold Rush.  These exploits, “made him many times a millionaire.” Dan Cody is the quintessential frontiersman who uses the natural resources that can be found in new lands to build up a fortune. Furthermore, it is likely that his character is based off a real frontiersman called William Cody, or Buffalo Bill. Even from the young age of 14, in 1860 Cody decided to search for gold, with news of gold at Fort Collins, Colorado and the Holcomb Valley Gold Rush in California. It is obvious to the reader that the true updated version of the frontiersman of earlier times is Cody, not Gatsby.

To conclude, after careful consideration we determine that Jay Gatsby is an updated version of the American frontiersman of earlier times, although this comparison could also be drawn to several characters in the novel.  The opposing arguments have some merit but ultimately they fail to realise the true implications and context of The Great Gatsby.