With reference to either Waste management in urban areas or Transport management in urban areas, discuss the extent to which sustainability can be achieved.
With reference to either Waste management in urban areas or Transport management in urban areas, discuss the extent to which sustainability can be achieved. Sustainability in urban areas is seen as a major problem in the world today. A sustainable city is a city that can meet the needs of the present population without hindering the needs of the future generations. To create a sustainable city many issues and areas need to be considered such as energy resources, waste management and transport. Transport in particular is an issue that needs to be dealt with. As the levels of traffic are increasing, many urban areas are putting into place traffic management schemes to deal with the problems having a high traffic level can pose. This essay will examine if sustainability of cities can been achieved by only managing the traffic problems opposed to managing other issues. Transport management is different in both LEDC and MEDCs; however the problems of high levels of traffic in the countries such as rush hour, slow movement of traffic and air pollution remain the same. Traffic is seen as an issue in the UK due to traffic levels rising by 11.4 per cent since 1997. With more traffic on the roads there are many problems that threaten today's society and future generations, such as air pollution. Air pollution due to the traffic levels can cause health problems such as asthma and
Coastal Management strategies need to consider not only physical processes but also factors associated with human geography.
Coastal Management strategies need to consider not only physical processes but also factors associated with human geography. Analyse why this is the case. Coastal management is a means of controlling development and change in the coastal zone and undertaking work according to agreed principles and criteria. By taking into account physical and human geography factors and people who come from the local areas views will help to ensure that there is good coastal management strategy. There are usually three stages in a management strategy, understanding the reason for the problem, undertaking work to resolve the problem or reduce the effects of the problem and to improve prediction and make a contingency plan. Physical processes are things that occur on the earth's surface, coastal processes are things that occur around the coastline examples of this would be erosion, deposition; sub aerial processes and long shore drift. Human geography is related to people and the way people interact with their surroundings. Examples of this would be the movement of people, the management of areas where people live. Coastal management schemes are very important because a large amount of the worlds population live and work on the coast, coastlines can be a very important way for an area to boost their economy; usually through tourism. There are two types of coastal management one is soft
How do humans affect the environment?
Tuesday, 08 May 2007 How do humans affect the environment? The condition of today's environment has been affected by many factors, some of which are positive, which benefit the environment, while other effects on the environment are negative meaning they damage or cause harm to the environment. One factor, which affects the environment, is humans. The negative ways, which we affect the environment are, through building, farming, pollution, and quarrying. However, there are some positive effects on the environment caused by humans such as, the conservation of endangered species, protection of the o-zone layer, and the conservation of the earths resources. This essay therefore will be set out into two main parts. The first of these two parts will discuss how humans have a negative effect on the environment; this will focus on the issue of pollution. Secondly, I will discuss the positive effects, which we have on the environment; this section of the essay will discuss conservation and the protection of the ozone layer. I will then conclude this essay by giving my personal view on how humans affect the environment and whether the overall effect is negative or positive. As, mentioned above there are many negative ways in which we as humans negatively affect the environment. One-way which we harm the environment is through our polluting. Polluting is a very important issue when
The growth in international tourism is providing many LEDCs with new opportunities of economic development, but few derive full benefits from their primary resources for tourism. Discuss this statement.
The growth in international tourism is providing many LEDCs with new opportunities of economic development, but few derive full benefits from their primary resources for tourism. Discuss this statement. This statement is true; many LEDCs do not take full benefit from their primary resources as large transnational companies set up in the country and large leakages occur. However, TNCs would not set up in the particular country if they did not feel that the area provided them with the sufficient resources to ensure a profit. Primary resources are existing resources that encourage people to visit, and are not purposely provided for tourists such as lakes, historic buildings and climate. Secondary resources, on the other hand, are provided for tourists, to enhance their experience and to enable them to access the area. International tourism has grown due to a number of factors, such as people being more adventurous, more disposable income, the cost of long haul flights are becoming cheaper with package holidays and there is an improved infrastructure in the destination. However leakages are the main limitation of tourism in LEDCs. These can come from foreign developers and hotel owners taking profits, foreign works sent over by the companies and hotels sending money back to their own countries, payments for goods imported for tourism, to repay loans and travel costs taken out
Greenhouse Effect Research Assignment.
Greenhouse Effect Research Assignment The Greenhouse Effect is a controversial issue in society today. It is generalised as "global warming", because the "Greenhouse Effect" is said to be the result of a 'blanket' - made up of gases such as water vapour and carbon dioxide - forming over Earth like a greenhouse. Glass in a greenhouse will let the sunlight in, but absorb and retain the heat; thus increasing the temperature of the atmosphere within the greenhouse. Therefore, the "Greenhouse Effect" is the warming of the Earth's surface at a greater rate than would normally occur without the 'blanket' present. Some problems that many scientists have blamed on the Greenhouse Effect are a rising global temperatures, thus rising sea levels from the melting of polar ice caps, changes in vegetation, and unusual weather patterns. Of course, many argue that global warming is a natural process, but some people go as far as placing sole blame on human activity for the Greenhouse Effect. In between these two extremes, there is the theory of the "Enhanced Greenhouse Effect". This theory explains that human activity is enhancing the Greenhouse Effect, because we are continually adding heat-trapping greenhouse gases to the atmosphere by way of factory emissions, vehicle emissions, etc. Such gases include carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane and ozone. The
The impact of human activities on the environment
The impact of human activities on the environment Everything that humans do has some impact on the environment. Pollution is a result of human activities in the environment. The main sources of pollution are farming, water pollution and air pollution. Farming is having an increased impact on the environment. This is because there is increased pressure on farmers to produce a single crop and to concentrate on one form of animal husbandry, such as, dairy cattle or pig breeding. This is more economical because better use can be made of equipment and organizations such as supermarkets have fewer farmers to negotiate purchases with. Also transport is much easier so produce can be easily moved to more distant markets. Monocultures are produced from this, which are large areas of the same crop grown on the same land year after year. To improve efficiency hedges have been removed and this has reduced the amount of habitat available for wildlife. It has also increased soil erosion. The removal of hedges increases the area of land available for crops, destroys the habitat of predators and keeps the number of pests down. Monocultures are susceptible to pests and large amounts of pesticide have to be used. Farm animals can produce large quantities of organic effluent. When this organic effluent gets into aquatic ecosystems it can cause a rapid growth of algae and plants, which leads to
"Airlines Hit by E.U's Co2 Emissions Plan"
"International Airlines Hit by European Unions's CO2 Emissions Plan" Bearing in mind that this article is comprehensive, coherent and fluent, the written account is inclusive and demonstrates an apparent connection with Section 2.4 Market Failure and sets up a close relation with the two sections in particular; negative externalities1 and the possible governmental responses concerning the quandary given, which in this case proposes a European Commission draft proposal requiring all flights arriving at or departing from the European Union airports to buy permits for their carbon dioxide emissions. This article is effective for the internal assessment because it does not dive into the economic theory, but introduces many notions that can easily be absorbed into economic presumptions and then be analysed. The extract portrays about how the advantages and disadvantages of using pollution permits, how effective they are and how several European companies are learning to deal with the more stringent regulations of the EU on pollution as a result of global warming. Pollution permits, are certain amounts of CO2 which are allowed to be emitted by companies in during production. These are given out by the respective governments to the companies, who can also purchase further permits from other companies who don't need all their permission to pollute. 2 The draft proposal which will
Evolution of management theories.
EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES PRECLASSICAL CONTRIBUTORS Laid the groundwork for subsequent, broader inquires into the nature of management. · Robert Owen: He laid the groundwork for the human relation movement. He was the one who realized the importance of human resources and emphasized on improving the living conditions of the employees. · Charles Babbage: known as the " father of modern computing". He introduced the concept of work specialization i.e. the degree to which work is divided into various jobs. · Henry R. Towne: realized that management techniques could be applied factories. He outlined the importance of management as a science and called for the development of management principles that cannot be used in all types of management situations. CLASSICAL VIEWPOINT A management approach that emphasizes the total organization and ways to improve overall effectiveness and efficiency. Have three approaches: Scientific Management: A management perspective that focuses on the rational scientific study of work situations to improve efficiency. · Fredrick Winslow Taylor: he came up with time and motion study. The study involves breaking down the work tasks into various elements or motions, eliminating unnecessary motions, and determining the next way to do a job. · Frank & Lillian Gilbreth: He also proposed motion studies to
How and why is the climate of the inner city area different from that of the suburbs? Examine the impacts of industrialization and urbanization on the human health and how these impacts could be reduced to a minimum.
How and why is the climate of the inner city area different from that of the suburbs? Examine the impacts of industrialization and urbanization on the human health and how these impacts could be reduced to a minimum. Microclimate in inner city area is different from that of the suburbs. Inner city area experience urban heat island that is temperature is high in inner city. Waste products and chemical wastes and pollution generated by industrialization and urbanization adversely affect human health. Urban heat island means that the temperature is highest in city center, and diminishes outward to periphery and drop markedly in suburb. There is a temperature gradient from city center to suburbs. The difference is the great during night and there is radiation loss. There are many factors leading to the urban heat island. First, is the heat generated by industrial activities like power deriving driving machines, heat system, combustion, ventilation system and human movement. The combustion of fossil fuels produce greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These pollutants especially CO2 are good heat absorbers. The artificial heat produced by the industrial activities is trapped and the temperature is high. Second, the tough and high-rise buildings themselves reflect, absorb and radiate the heat to the ground. Therefore, the heat is trapped.
Ethics of Wind Farms Erected at the Scarborough Bluffs
Wind farms are widely recognized as the new movement of change for power supply, which is taking place around Ontario for a greener environment. Lately, there have been heated debates between the citizens of Scarborough and the government of Ontario regarding the idea of putting up a wind farm at the Scarborough Bluffs. Nevertheless, it is obvious wind farms should not be erected at the Scarborough Bluffs if one was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the situation at hand. Through a thorough investigation on wind turbines and the Scarborough Bluffs, it is evident that there are many reasons to assemble a wind farm, although the consequences of the ruined Bluffs and the complications of wind generators overpower these reasons. Wind farms are a large grouping of wind generators or wind plants, which are located at a site with strong, dependable winds. Wind generators are machines which convert wind into energy from the current of wind hitting the rotor or the blades. They are usually considered to be a leading source for a greener economy or environment. This is the movement which is taking place for the future. According to this movement, the future is destined to be green because there will be no more greenhouse gases and the goal is to inevitably stop global warming all together. The Scarborough Bluffs is a high steep bank which is the result of erosion from