AS and A Level: Global Interdependence & Economic Transition
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- Marked by Teachers essays 7
- Peer Reviewed essays 2
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Referring to both pharmaceutical and tobacco companies, explain how transnational corporations can influence the health of people in countries at different stages of development.
5 star(s)In LEDCs, medicines can be very expensive and in some countries in the world, in sub-Saharan Africa for example, people's incomes may be so minuscule that they may not even be able to afford food let alone medicine. Pharmaceutical companies make two types of drug: branded and generic. Branded drugs are three to thirty times more expensive than generic drugs and so in LEDCs they are out of the majority's reach, but they are patented and their chemical composition cannot be copied for twenty years; this means that should another company wish to reproduce the specific drug so it can be made available at a cheaper price for the market in LEDCs, it is not possible due to the patent.
- Word count: 2086
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Investigating Travel & Tourism
5 star(s)Accommodation & Catering 37 2. Tour Operators 37 3. Travel Agencies 38 4. Transport 38 5. Visitor Attractions 38 6. Tourist Development and Promotion 39 C3 - AN EVALUATION OF THE KEY FEATURES OF COMMERCIAL AND NON COMMERCIAL ORGANIZATIONS TO ILLUSTRATE DIFFERENCES IN THEIR FUNDING AND THEIR BUSINESS OBJECTIVES 40 E5 HOLIDAY REPRESENTATIVE 43 C4 - I AM GOING TO CRITICALLY EVALUATE WHY MY PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCES BEST MATCH THE JOB OF RESORT REPRESENTATIVE 45 CURRICULUM VITAE 47 A1 - A THOROUGH UNDERSTANDING OF THE REASONS FOR THE RAPID GROWTH OF THE INDUSTRY AND THE FACTORS THAT WILL AFFECT ITS DEVELOPMENT IN THE FUTURE.
- Word count: 11113
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Natural disasters and a lack of resources are the main causes of global poverty. To what extent do you agree with this statement?
4 star(s)By the end of the 19th century, European powers controlled 85% of the world. The most well known Empire being the British Empire, covering nearly a quarter of the Earth's total land surface, including countries such as India, Malaysia and Uganda. Colonialism was so significant by stunting the host countries development. Taxation was imposed on the local people, plantations created and raw materials such as crops and minerals, were sent from the colonies to Europe. A good example of this involves France colonising Senegal. Many senegalese farmers were forced to grow groundnuts and send them back to France.
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Cold environments may be developed in a sustainable manner. To what extent do you agree with this statement?
4 star(s)Even though the tourist industry has encouraged many young farmers to diversify out of rural and primary activities, many people still leave. Aside from that, the tourist industry brings with it unwanted pollution and litter and also causes footpath erosion. The tourist industry is also a potential hazard to the mountains and villages because the winter sports activities taking place there may cause avalanches. In the tundra or arctic regions, development has not been sustainable either, also both environmentally and socially.
- Word count: 688
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Increase in leisure time for many individuals.
3 star(s)The amount of leisure time available to the majority of people in the UK increased steadily up to the early 1970s, but has levelled of since then. The main reasons why leisure time increased up to the 1970s were increasing amounts of annual holiday entitlement, and a gradual reduction in the weekly working hours for most of full time workers. Since the 1970s other factors have had a greater influence on the availability of time, such as: * Flexible work patterns * The use of manual labour- saving devices in the home.
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Sustainable Tourism - Kenya is in Africaand is becoming a popular holiday destination with tourists and the number of advantages have increased and also the number of disadvantages.
3 star(s)As a result of this the animals get scared. I recommend that they do a couple of things to ensure the safety of tourists and to keep the trips sustainable. First I think there should be strict rules as to where the drivers may go and when, at certain times some animals will become a lot more agitated and may even attack the safari vans. Drivers should remain on the tracks in doing this they are not scaring the animals or killing the environment so it remains sustainable.
- Word count: 1535
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Discuss the Extent to which it is possible to measure developement.
3 star(s)People realised that to look at development, people need to look at factors which affect the quality of life; social indicators such as health, education, and well-being and political factors such as people's personal freedom. It is all good and well to say that development is more that just economy, but when it comes to measuring development it is becoming increasingly difficult. Traditionally, measuring development was easy simply using quantative methods, but with many more factors determining a countries development, it has become very difficult to use quantative methods to actually determine developments, for example, how may one apply a quantative method to aspects of daily life such as freedom of speech?
- Word count: 997
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The Environmental Impact of Tourism and Recreation is almost always harmful. Discuss
4 star(s)There are three main impact areas. One of these is the depletion of natural resources, such as water. In dryer regions like the Mediterranean, the issue of water scarcity is of particular concern. Because of the hot climate and the tendency of tourists to consume more water when on holiday than they do at home, the amount used can run up to 440 litres a day. This is almost double what the inhabitants of an average Spanish city use. Golf course maintenance can also deplete fresh water resources.
- Word count: 919
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Examine how and why the Economy of China has changed in the last 30 years
3 star(s)This led Chinese firms to westernize. For example each work unit had a director or manager with a clear responsibility (a change to the old 'revolutionary committees' set up during the cultural revolution). They also started to hollow out work to improve technological infrastructure and acquire modern 'know-how' which can then be transferred into domestic firms. Many businesses calibrate through this success by the use of Joint Ventures, having accepted more efficient management and business strategies of global firms. Good examples of these are United Technologies and Caterpillar that have been a great success.
- Word count: 1544
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Poverty in Africa, the widespread effects of poverty in Africa have had substantial effects on the society, environment, and economy of Africa.
According to a 2005 IRIN report about 82% of arable land in South Africa is owned by those of European descent (Poverty in Africa Wikipedia). In some nations laws prevent people from disadvantaged groups to own land at all, although these laws are often ignored and land sales to disadvantaged groups occur, legal title to the land is often not assured, this causes most rural Africans to survive as farm laborers. Most African nations have very poor land registration systems and this causes land theft to be a common occurrence and it also makes it extremely difficult to acquire a mortgage or any type of similar loan as ownership of the property often can not be established.
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What are the factors that led to contemporary differences in development between countries?
under a dictatorship since its independence and instead of flourishing under new leadership it withered as Francois Duvalier ran the country with an iron fist while stealing from the country . Haiti like most LEDC's in their position had bad relations with the MEDC's leading to lack of investment in the country which is the opposite of South Korea an example of clever governance .South Korea is an example of an NIC that has used its excellent links with MEDC's like the USA to good use by encouraging foreign investment in the country and by using Aid money to invest in state owned companies .
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Are the Asian tigers a good model for other countries to follow
These growth rates, sustained over a 30-year. South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore began attracting foreign direct investment which allowed an accumulation of capital that led to a growing period, are simply amazing. While the average resident of a non-Asian country in 1990 was 72% richer than his parents were in 1960, the corresponding figure for the average Korean is than 638%. However even though their growth had been unprecedented and they are definitely doing something right they have been criticised by economists and geographers for their tactics.
- Word count: 684
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With references to examples, explain why HIV/AIDS is described as a "time b**b"
Members of the families may move to the cities in search of jobs, but with no money to start with, find themselves in slums in very poor conditions. If they already have AIDS, the dirty water they have to use and open drains could quite easily cause illness, reducing ability to work and possibly killing the victim earlier than necessary. SUB SAHARAN AFRICA Proof of this is evident in Sub-Saharan Africa, where 60% of all worldwide cases of HIV/AIDS are to be found.
- Word count: 1470
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Transnational corporations. There are two types of TNCs that affect health globally in very different ways. These two types are Tobacco TNCs and Pharmaceutical TNCs.
Phillip Morris International, R.J. Reynolds and British American Tobacco (BAT), the world's largest non-state owned tobacco producing TNCs own or lease plants in more than 60 countries. The danger of tobacco cultivation becoming increasingly popular in LEDCs is that it will replace food crops; such has happened in Kenya. BAT (British American Tobacco) has targeted the expanding market in India and about 5million children in India, under the age of 15 already smoke and have become addicted. BAT purchase 460,000 tonnes of tobacco leaf a year and over 80% of this is from farmers in LEDCs.
- Word count: 907
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Measuring development using economic indicators is no longer a real indicator of development. Discuss.
Economic indicators certainly have a number of strengths in evaluating the development of a country. Ultimately development cannot take place without money to invest in education, improved healthcare and housing and improved sanitation, and if the funds to achieve advancements in these sectors are not available ultimately development is itself inhibited. Ultimately there is a correlation between the economic prosperity of a country and its development in social and environmental factors, and even political. For example Kenya has a GDP of $60.9 billion dollars with a GNP per capita of $1580, making it among the poorest countries in the world.
- Word count: 759
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Erla Zwingle, the author of Globalization, wanted to manifest her thoughts on what Globalization really means. In her article, Section I indicated that technology is a tool to bring people all over the world closer together.
In addition, Globalization in term of investment among countries has also increases tremendously as technology advances. This motion is evitable. In section II, Zwingle provided one of the examples such as how the Chinese adopted the American born kids' television show Sesame Street yet transformed the concept so that the show teaches Chinese children the values and cultures that they believe in. In addition, Zwingle applauded that other countries are doing the exact same thing. Zwingle continued to give more examples in Section III. She talked about the globalization through McDonald's. How the multi-billion restaurant chain retained its concept such as fast, cheap food and cleanliness yet adapted localized food of choice to tailor to what the consumers demand.
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Multicultural societies are often the product of migration, but they may also be the stimulus for it Discuss.
It then can causes issues with education, healthcare etc. Immigrants tend to move into multiple occupancy rented accomodation in innercity areas - they tend to be concentrated in poor housing areas in major cities. They are then able to become a source of cheap labour in construction, transport etc. This connects to the schools in innercity areas becomign dominated by an ethnic group, which can have severe effects on educational requirements. What can appear to be quite simple such as bilingual reading schemes, could mean that entire ciriculums must be changed to accomodate different faiths including term times, timetables and school meals.
- Word count: 1007
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Technological Leapfrogging. Examine the Importance of Technological Leapfrogging for Developing Countries
However, with the use of mobile phones 7 million Indian's signed up a month during 2007 and users doubled from 100 million to 200 million in just a year. They allow a major expansion of networks into the untapped rural market, and are encouraged by a bottom-up innovation, where villages are using car batteries to charge their mobile phones.
- Word count: 461
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How likely does it seem that the Millennium Development Goals will be met by 2015?
The main issue facing the achievement of this particular MDG is the economic strength of certain countries, and in addition the climate and geographical features of each country need to be taken into consideration. It is clear that some countries will be able to reach their aims by the year 2015, while other will be left behind. Global economic depressions affect many countries, in particular the LEDC's, the 2009 global economic depression cost sub-Saharan Africa's people �12.8 billion, which as a result makes certain MDG's very hard to achieve.
- Word count: 2218
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Assess the extent to which Trans National Corporations (TNCs) have a positive impact on both developed and developing countries. (15 marks)
One of the main impacts TNC's have on both developed (MEDC) and developing (LEDC) countries, is the exchange of ideas and knowledge from different countries. TNC's have their headquarters of research and development in their country of origin, and many manufacture their products in developing countries (LEDC's). This has created new possibilities to people in LEDC's. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is basically defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country.
- Word count: 2094
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'Gazprom is an instrument of foreign policy arguments for and against. Gazprom not only provides a quarter of Europe's gas supplies, but it has also taken over Russian television stations, newspapers.
In addition, Gazprom provides its workers with schools, shops, libraries and nurseries to fulfil all of their needs. The climate of the area ranges drastically throughout the year, in the winter the temperatures can drop to minus 50-60C, and in summer the days are hot and the air is filled with mosquitoes. The workers however despite the conditions, are not hard-done-by; the Gazprom employees receive far higher wages than the national average. However with Gazprom's annual earnings (in 2006) at �31.55 billion, this is understandable.
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The use of trade is the most important tool to achieve economic growth in LEDCs. To what extent do you agree with this statement?
However, there are critics who doubt that that trade is the answer. They believe that less developed countries cannot be competitive in the global market because of the great difference in wealth between them and the developed countries, as they cannot invest in industrial and technological development at the same rate as richer countries. Many poorer countries also depend on agricultural exports which have experienced significant drops in price, as the market has been flooded with similar products from LEDCS across the globe.
- Word count: 1454
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Evaluate the roles of named players in providing future energy security
Currently it has been proven that collectively, OPEC has stored 900,000 million barrels of crude oil, they own 78% of global resources and have a combined market share of 45% for oil and 18% for gas. This inherently makes them the largest producer of fossil fuels in the world meaning they will have a large if not absolute say in future energy provision and energy security. The responsibility of oil distribution will then fall on OPEC when supply of oil runs low leading to a bidding system for allocation of oil to where demand and price is highest.
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The Development of the Modern Travel and Tourism Industry
However, it is not just the air transport that has been revolutionised by technological developments. The channel tunnel was opened in 1995 and increased competition for the cross-channel ferry service. The changing in socio-economic factors has added to the development of the modern travel and tourism industry. These factors include: * Changes in car ownership * Increasing leisure time * An increase in disposable income * The impact of the national economy In the last 50 years, car ownership has increased dramatically.
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Different types of travel destination. Study of Cardiff and Barcelona as travel destinations.
In the UK costal resorts have been important tourist destinations since the Victorian times and "Paid Holidays". At first people liked to go to costal areas because of the numerous health benefits associated with bathing in the sea. Most modern coastal resorts can be seen to have existed in Victorian times. In the Victorian era the costal resorts were for "Day-Visitors" as well as holiday makers. Although many sea-side resorts can be traced back to the Victorian times many such as New Quay in Cornwall and Tenby in south Wales have developed over time.
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