Territory and borders are increasingly irrelevant in todays global economy. Discuss.
201206031 Territory Territory and borders are increasingly irrelevant in today’s global economy? The natural way we imagine the concept of territory and borders is through a nation state, since defining one is a bit of a tricky task but for our purposes, a nation state can be defined as one which has a functioning centralised government put in place that possesses the ability to exercise authority over a distinctive territory. Unless you’re over the age sixty you've only ever known a world of nation states. Nationhood and empire have long been the dominant way we’ve organized ourselves economically, politically and socially or at least the way that other people have organized us, the ottomans to former Soviet Union and the United States are great examples, but the global market exceeds that level of influence or with no fixed borders. The shrinking world concept best describes the globalisation process with regional integration, plus increasing transborder flows, put a big question mark on the importance of state sovereignty and territorial borders with more Internationalisation taking place. However in the mitts of this global downturn state sovereignty and territorial borders have taken resurgence in importance so liberalisation that took place in the boom years is
Assess the level of energy security in the UK
Assess the level of energy security in the UK Energy security is defined as the extent to which an affordable, reliable and stable energy supply can be achieved. Over the last few decades, the energy situation in the UK has constantly been changing, from producing enough oil and natural gas to be a net exporter of both fuels to now being on the brink of not importing and producing enough energy to meet the nations’ demands. The past decades of the UK’s energy were probably brighter days than what we can look forward to in the future, with one researcher from Cambridge University, Professor David MacKay, suggesting the UK could face severe blackouts by 2016 (UK ‘could face blackouts by 2016’ – BBC News Sept 2009). Although the general use of energy in the UK has not increased huge amounts, with per capita usage in 1965 at 3.6 tonnes oil equivalent per year and in 2005 at 3.8 tonnes oil equivalent, the energy security of the UK has worsened considerably. As global population increases and more countries are using larger amounts of fossil fuels to meet their energy demands, the UK is limited to the amount it can import and is put under pressure to use more renewable sources of energy. Problems within geopolitics has also caused problems for the UK’s energy security as prices fluctuate, changing the amount of oil we can export and how much we have to pay for our
Assess the view that the relationship between superpowers and the developing world is a neo-colonial one
Assess the view that the relationship between superpowers and the developing world is a neo-colonial one Neo-colonialism is an indirect method of exploitation and maintaining power. This is usually an economic way of sustaining control through the pattern of aid and debt repayments. This is in contrast to colonialism which is considered a ‘hard’ method of gaining control often through military force which results in an external nation taking control of a territory in another part of the world. It then reinforces this control by settling the new colony with its own people. For example, the British Empire grew through the process of colonialism – 27% of the world’s land surface was once part of this empire. However, the era of colonialism ended in the period 1945-1980 when colonies gained independence and now many left wing (socialist) geographers believe that superpowers use subtle ways to maintain power. Neo-colonialism is most often linked to Africa and is used as an explanation for the lack of development in that continent. This can be explained by A.G. Franks 1969 dependency theory -a Marxist perspective which suggests that the developed world help to maintain the developing world in a permanent state of underdevelopment – trapping these countries in stage 1 and 2 of WW Rostow’s ‘Take Off’ Model. The developed world is draining these countries of human
World Development - what is needed and what can I do?
A/S World Development Assignment 1 To Create Lasting Change . What does everyone want and need? Everyone wants to be treated equally and everyone needs the same basic requirements, food, clean water, sanitation, shelter, clothing, fuel, healthcare and love and support from family, friends and people in their community. Everyone needs to feel that they are needed and that they are a part of the society in which they live. They also want an education, a sufficient income, to live in a democracy and for their voices to be heard. They want to live in a healthy and safe environment. 2. What prevents them from having it? Their government�s can prevent the poor people in third world countries getting aid, as any money which is sent to the country hardly ever gets to them because the government who are already wealthy enough, just take it from them, for themselves, and for buying weapons. Third world developing countries miss out on eating some foods from their own countries because Western countries are prepared to pay a higher price for their food; this is damaging to everyone�s world for example pollution and also the use of the poor people for cheap labour. So long as there is a demand for a product, the people in developing countries will stay in work and earn very little money instead of having an education, which in the long run would enable
World Development Essay. The Role of Charities.
Assignment 2: �It�s up to us to decide what happens next.� Task 1: I consider the main �problem� in the world today to be �Nearly 1 billion people are going hungry. Over 50% of grain trade around the world is used for animal feed or bio fuel.� I feel this is a huge problem because of the inequality of it. Lots of charities are working hard to raise money and give aid to the people in need, but we still need to do so much more to help. We all have a responsibility to help other human beings; we are so lucky in the developed world, the variety and choice of safe nutritious food and drinks is endless, yet we take it for granted. This is not a new problem, groups of people have been trying to help prevent starvation for many decades. Oxfam Committee for Famine Relief was set up in the 1940�s during world war II. As many people in Europe were starving due to road blocks which prevented free movement of food supplies, this charity�s work still goes on today. In 2011 Oxfam was chosen as the Charity of the Year for the Virgin London Marathon, which is a watched by millions of people, raising lots of funds. Also Oxfam branches all over the world joined up to launch the GROW campaign and help create a world where everyone always has enough to eat. With money and support Oxfam helps poor people to help themselves all
(1b) Using named examples, evaluate the economic and political impacts of disruption to energy supply pathways.(15)
(1b) Using named examples, evaluate the economic and political impacts of disruption to energy supply pathways.(15) An energy pathway is the route or journey energy takes from the source country to the consuming country. It is often seen that economic and political impacts disrupt energy supply pathways. To begin with, some countries in the Middle East are quite often recognised as to having political problems such as dictatorships which leads to the formation of unstable regimes. The relationship between the Middle East and western powers like the USA are often quite severed, This proves to be fatal as such countries are reliant upon energy reserves in the Middle East. Hence matters are quite often stretched further when key players such as OPEC represent countries like Saudia Arabia and Iran in the Middle East, as well as determine oil prices. This may place stress upon the USA who suffers from energy insecurity due to its energy deficit and due to its reliance and need for oil may have to face as well as conform to rises in oil prices. As, it is now believed that the control over energy prices is in the hands of the suppliers due to the combination of a lack of energy reserves for finite resources and huge global demand for natural resources. Additionally unsettled geopolitical relationships between countries can lead to severed political relationships as well as
How did colonialists justify their actions?
How did colonialists justify their actions? Colonialism arose from and ideology, or set of beliefs. The desire to colonise and dominate the world was also driven by philosophies, such as modernism, Mackinder’s heartland theory, evangelical Christianity and social Darwinism. Modernism was a philosophy of ideas from the late nineteenth century about ‘modern society’. Modernists believed that the world could be improved by human intervention and achievement. According to modernists, Europe was the continent most naturally able to give the rest of the world a lead, by colonising. Europeans could portray themselves as modern, civilised, superior and progressive when compared with indigenous peoples, like the Australian aboriginals, who they believed were none of these things. Early modernists also believe that the British were naturally intelligent and had a natural capacity for ruling over others. Believing in the superiority of the west, modernists assessed overseas for their own ability to contribute to development. This natural sense of suitability for leadership, combined with Mackinder’s theory, led many modernists in Britain to believe that Britannia not only could, but should rule the waves. In 1904, Mackinder, a British geographer, developed theories about global power and the continents. He believed that whoever controlled Europe and Asia – the biggest
Outline and suggest reasons for the issues facing countries at very low levels of economic development
Outline and suggest reasons for the issues facing countries at very low levels of economic-development Countries with low levels of economic development are defined by the United Nations as having three main problems; low income, human resource weakness and economic vulnerability. These come from a multitude of factors varying from the geographical position of a country to the political factors within a country. This makes it very hard to understand or know whether to help them or leave them to develop themselves. However what is clear as that LDC’s do face major challenges. The most serious of risks is the poverty cycle but there are also risks of corruption from any aid given and also the long term economical problems that can be faced if this occurs. There numerous factors to be considered and many different organisations and governments see different routes to the problem. There are some examples of countries that have grown in wealth seemingly on their own with minimal help from developed countries. Overall therefore there is much debate to both the need for countries to help and the affect this has, although there is no debate that countries at low levels of economic growth face great challenges. One of the main suggestions for them needing help would be to encourage and allow them to trade. This is because many developing countries have less capital and skilled
Examine the role TNCs play in the growth of globalization.
Examine the role TNC’s play in the growth of globalization. (15) Trans national corporations usually have their headquarters or financial headquarters in more economically developed countries such as UK, USA and Germany. The majority of products sold in these MEDC’s are produced in less economically developed countries or those with more industrially supported economy such as China or Thailand. One large TNC that’s products are known all other the world is Nike. Its headquarters are located in Oregon, USA. Nike’s factories are in every continent except Africa, due to their lack of infrastructure and industrial power. Though Nike has 124 factories in China, 73 in Thailand and 34 in Vietnam. These would all be regarded as less economically developed countries, as the majority of their population lives in poverty or deprivation. The spread of the TNC Nike, shows how it has grown to reach all areas of the globe, it has around 700 stores around the world and in 2015 sold 120,000,000 pair of shoes, most of which would have been mostly made in Asia and exported to countries all around the world. Nike operates on such a large scale around the world, with offices in 45 countries. Suggesting how this TNC has grown to a company with a market capital of 80 billion dollars, by global transportation and distribution of products, made in one country usually for a very low price
The Effects Of Tourism In Kenya
The Effects Of Tourism In Kenya To President Daniel Toroitish arap Moi, RE: Economic Report It has been brought to my attention that you have become concerned about the level of economic development in Kenya. To help solve this problem I have prepared a report in which I have come up with a solution to the problem. After thoroughly researching different methods to increase the economy, I have come to a conclusion that tourism is the best alternative to increase the wealth of Kenya. In my report I will be discussing if tourism should be encouraged in Kenya. I will be looking at the different options of tourism, including the tourist opportunities, the advantages and disadvantages and the people who will benefit from it and those that may be affected. I hope my report will be helpful and effective, please do not hesitate to contact me if u have any queries. Thank you. Neha Bharadia Facts Of Kenya * Kenya is located in Eastern Africa, it is found between Somalia and Tanzania. * The total area it covers is 582,650 km². 13,400 km² of this area is water, which leaves 569,250 km² to be covered by land * The total population is 31, 138,738 - Excess mortality expected due to AIDS, this results in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would
