Investigating Travel & Tourism
Unit 1 - Investigating Travel & Tourism Table of Contents UNIT 1 - INVESTIGATING TRAVEL & TOURISM 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 E1 KEY POST-WAR DEVELOPMENTS 5 . The changing social economic circumstances 7 2. Technological developments 7 3. Product development and innovation 7 4. Changing consumer needs and expectations and fashions 7 E1 CHANGING SOCIAL ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES 8 . Increase in Leisure Time 8 2. Disposable Income 9 3. Car Ownership 10 E1 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS 11 2. Communication and information systems 12 3. Product Development 12 E1 FEATURES OF THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY 14 E1 FEATURES OF THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY 14 The National Tourist Boards (NTB's) 15 The Voluntary Sector 16 New Technologies 16 External Pressures 16 Currency Fluctuation 16 Legislation 17 Climate Change 17 Natural Disasters 17 War, Acts of Terrorism 17 Impact on Host Communities 17 Economic 18 Social 18 Environmental 18 E2 - SCALE OF THE UK INDUSTRY AND ITS ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE 20 Business Tourism 22 E2 - SCALE OF THE UK TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY 23 Travel and Tourism Revenue 23 Contribution to the Balance of Payments 23 E2 - SCALE OF THE UK INDUSTRY AND ITS ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE 25 E3 A FULL EXPLANATION OF THE PRESENT STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY 26 . Accommodation and Catering 27 Serviced Accommodation 27 Self Serviced Accommodation
Referring to both pharmaceutical and tobacco companies, explain how transnational corporations can influence the health of people in countries at different stages of development.
Referring to both pharmaceutical and tobacco companies, explain how transnational corporations can influence the health of people in countries at different stages of development (15) Both pharmaceutical and tobacco companies can be transnational corporations and some wield enormous international power and influence covering over one hundred countries with billions of pounds worth of profit; in 2009, GlaxoSmithKline had a net income of approximately £6 billion! Some corporations have, for example, used their profits to help fight widespread diseases in less economically developed countries (LEDCs), such as GlaxoSmithKline's help in the fight against Lymphatic Filariasis in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Some have set up health programmes in more economically developed countries (MEDCs) to reduce common health problems in these areas, such as different types of cancer. However, some corporations only supply people with the means to deteriorate their health, such as some tobacco companies like British American Tobacco, especially in LEDCs, but both pharmaceutical & tobacco companies play an important role in the health of the world's people. A pharmaceutical company is a company, which develops, produces and markets drugs licenced for use as medications, so obviously these companies play a huge role in the health of people worldwide as they provide medication against diseases
Cold environments may be developed in a sustainable manner. To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Cold environments may be developed in a sustainable manner. To what extent do you agree with this statement? I disagree with this statement more than I agree with it. Cold environments in the world that were previously wilderness areas have undergone development, and nearly all of them have proved to be unsustainable. In the alpine areas, the mountains are a major magnet because of the scenery and the wide variety of winter sports that can take place there. The Alps have been developed as a tourist area. Although tourism benefits the area economically, it is socially and environmentally unsustainable. Tradition and culture has been eroded away because many young people now go down the mountains into urban areas in search of jobs. Even though the tourist industry has encouraged many young farmers to diversify out of rural and primary activities, many people still leave. Aside from that, the tourist industry brings with it unwanted pollution and litter and also causes footpath erosion. The tourist industry is also a potential hazard to the mountains and villages because the winter sports activities taking place there may cause avalanches. In the tundra or arctic regions, development has not been sustainable either, also both environmentally and socially. Gold, and particularly oil exploration and exploitation have scarred the fragile landscape. In 1968, the Trans-Alaskan
Natural disasters and a lack of resources are the main causes of global poverty. To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Natural disasters and a lack of resources are the main causes of global poverty. To what extent do you agree with this statement? Poverty can defined in many ways, but one method globally accepted is the International Poverty Line. A country is said to be under the line if, on average, people earn less than US$1.08 per day, measured in terms of purchasing power parity. Although natural disasters are particularly competent at causing huge scale destruction, it is difficult to support the claim that they are the main cause of poverty as the USA, arguably the most developed country in the world, has had a troubled past in regards to major disasters. Similarly, although a lack of resources can be a strain on a developing country, there are more important explanations for poverty, such as colonialism, unfair trade, war, political instability and AIDS. The most significant cause of global poverty is colonialism, in particular that which occurred during the late 19th century. From 1450 European powers began invading and colonising countries, culminating in the 'scramble for Africa' in the 1870s. By the end of the 19th century, European powers controlled 85% of the world. The most well known Empire being the British Empire, covering nearly a quarter of the Earth's total land surface, including countries such as India, Malaysia and Uganda. Colonialism was so significant by stunting
The Environmental Impact of Tourism and Recreation is almost always harmful. Discuss
The Environmental Impact of Tourism and Recreation is almost always harmful. Discuss. ( June 2001) The quality of the environment, both natural and man-made, is essential to tourism. However, tourism's relationship with the environment is complex. It involves many activities that can have adverse environmental effects. Many of these impacts are linked with the construction of general infrastructure such as roads and airports, and of tourism facilities, including resorts, hotels, restaurants, shops, golf courses and marinas. The negative impacts of tourism development can gradually destroy the environmental resources on which it depends. On the other hand, tourism has the potential to create beneficial effects on the environment by contributing to environmental protection and conservation. It is a way to raise awareness of environmental values and it can serve as a tool to finance protection of natural areas and increase their economic importance. Negative impacts from tourism occur when the level of visitor use is greater than the environment's ability to cope with this use within the acceptable limits of change. There are three main impact areas. One of these is the depletion of natural resources, such as water. In dryer regions like the Mediterranean, the issue of water scarcity is of particular concern. Because of the hot climate and the tendency of tourists to
Examine how and why the Economy of China has changed in the last 30 years
Examine how and why the Economy of China has changed in the last 30 years Through Mao's reign, China became increasingly isolated from the rest of the world. Political policies such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution had a major, and in some people's opinion, negative influence on China's development. One of the main problems was the difficulty of managing a huge economy centrally. After death of Mao in 1976, Deng Xiaoping (the new leader) introduced the Open Door policy, which was designed to overcome China's isolation from the world economic powers. He recognised that central planning was ineffective as there were too many tiers of responsibility. Deng noticed that the world and neighbouring nations were developing quickly, and leaving China behind. China moved towards a socialist market economy. Today China's leaders are focused and determined on 'economic growth at all costs'. Between 1949 to the late 1970's, manufacturing in China was undertaken by mostly 'State-Owned Enterprise (SOE's). These were mainly heavy industries, for example, power (Shenzhen Energy), iron and steel. Once Deng took over in 1978, focus turned to productivity, which forced SOE's to reform. A key incentive towards independence in the market economy was enabling SOE's to keep some of their profits. Industry quickly replaced agriculture as the leading growth sector in 1980's as
Sustainable Tourism - Kenya is in Africaand is becoming a popular holiday destination with tourists and the number of advantages have increased and also the number of disadvantages.
Sustainable Tourism Kenya is in Africa and is becoming a popular holiday destination with tourists and the number of advantages have increased and also the number of disadvantages. There are more advantages for the local community to work and earn money but there are also the large tourist companies which are taking a large chunk of the country's money out of the country via leakage. In this report I will recommend how to improve the disadvantages and to maximize the advantages for the income and welfare of Kenyan local communities and environments to keep sustainable tourism in Kenya. The Tour Companies The tour companies are responsible for the package holidays, and making them up, deciding what to include in them and whether they are suitable. Tour companies need to make sure the packages they use are environmentally friendly and will be sustainable for the future. More and more people are visiting Kenya and want to go on safaris and get as close to the animals as they can, so the tour company drivers go off the track so they can get close to the animals and please the tourists. As a result of this the animals get scared. I recommend that they do a couple of things to ensure the safety of tourists and to keep the trips sustainable. First I think there should be strict rules as to where the drivers may go and when, at certain times some animals will become a lot more
Discuss the Extent to which it is possible to measure developement.
.DISCUSS THE EXTENT TO WHICH IT IS POSSIBLE TO MEASURE DEVELOPEMENT. Development can be measured in many ways. Before being able to review the ways in which it can be measured and the extent to which the ways allow it to be measured, it is necessary to define 'development' itself. The definition of development clearly influences how it is measured; development is defined as 'the process of change operating over time.'1 Traditionally the term 'development' was synonymous with economic growth and it was seen as the process by which countries and societies advance and become richer. From this more traditional theory, the three worlds evolved, in which the First and Second Worlds were advanced or developing nations and the Third World counties were the undeveloped or developing nations. Traditional measurements of development focused on economic data, to show economic growth, and the acquisition of wealth, using indices such as GDP and GNP per capita. Over time, people have realised that the development of a country is not determined by its economy, although still it is a major part. People realised that to look at development, people need to look at factors which affect the quality of life; social indicators such as health, education, and well-being and political factors such as people's personal freedom. It is all good and well to say that development is more that just
Increase in leisure time for many individuals.
Increase in leisure time for many individuals Time available for leisure activities Time is essential element for all forms of leisure and recreational activities. The leisure and recreation industry under took a growth burst in the 1960s from this an expansion in the amount of free time people have for leisure has grown. People cant quite work out how the amount of free time has raised so much. This table shows the time people have for leisure between 1971-1996. % Change over period 971-81 981-91 991-6 971-96 Leisure Time Total leisure hours in the UK +6 +2 +2 +10 Leisure hours, average per person +5 nil nil +5 This table shows that over a 25-year period to 1996, the total leisure time in the UK has only risen by 10 percent. The leisure time per person has grown at an average rate of just 0.2 percent a year since 1971, regardless of the huge increases of consumer spending on leisure. The amount of leisure time available to the majority of people in the UK increased steadily up to the early 1970s, but has levelled of since then. The main reasons why leisure time increased up to the 1970s were increasing amounts of annual holiday entitlement, and a gradual reduction in the weekly working hours for most of full time workers. Since the 1970s other factors have had a greater influence on the availability of time, such as: * Flexible work patterns * The use of
"Globalization can only result in technologies that harm the environment" - Discuss
"Globalization can only result in technologies that harm the environment" Introduction: The purpose of this report is to fulfill the last assignment (TMA) for the course T172 "Working with our Environment: Technology for a Sustainable Future". In this assignment I will discuss the topic statement upon my understanding of the subject. This report will discuss the role of globalization in providing and transfer new and advanced technologies which, despite their importance, can be damaging to the environment. The report will be covering elements such as what we mean by globalization as a phenomenon of changes? What technologies mean? What are the factors of globalization that supported it and what are the features of it. What is Globalization? There are various definitions of "Globalization", and the effect it has on the world. Globalization can be defined as a phenomenon of major changes in the conventional world. These changes include many atmospheres such as the economic, cultural, political and technical ones, in addition to a major change in the personal aspect of our life. These changes leading to unified impacts all over the world. Driven by many factors such as economic and technology and shaped by governments and institutions rules and regulation, globalization is an expansion beyond nations and geographical borders. Main aspects revolutionized the