Geography revision - flooding - Urbanisation - Population problems
Case studies : . Mississippi Flood 1993 2. European Flooding 1994-5 3. Bangladesh Flooding 4. 3 Dams Flood Control 5. Sea Pollution North Sea 6. Braer Disaster 1993 7. Raw Material Orientated Industry St Helens 8. High Technology Industry Livingstone New Town 9. Bluewater Regional Shopping Centre 0. Docklands 1. Peterborough Traffic Problems 2. Counter-Urbanisation Woodbury Devon 3. Rural to Urban Migration in Brazil 4. Bangladesh Shanty Towns 5. Sierra Leone Population Problems 6. Sweden Population Decrease 7. China Population Policies 8. Mexico to USA immigration 9. Amazon Rainforest 20. African Fuelwood Crisis 21. Impact of Changing energy on Holmewood North Derbyshire 22. South Korea This is the complete list of all the case studies by Rebeca . Mississippi Flood 1993 High risk: Prone to flooding, many tributaries & for much of course is above flood plains Causes: Cool dry Canalan air combines with unstable air from the Gulf of Mexico Heavy rain saturates flood basin - April Thunderstorms & flash floods lead to heavy rain and run off - June Record rainfall on already saturated ground - July Effects: Bridges washed away and levees collapse, which protected towns Roads and railways collapse (only 1 road bridge open, no rail) Cities flood ruining property and river traffic stops Farmland becomes unworkable leading to loss of income
Sao Paulo Research.
SAO PAULO RESEARCH Environment - current issues: there is a lucrative illegal wildlife trade; air and water pollution in Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities; wetland degradation; severe oil spills www.cia.gov Sao Paulo Situated 760m above sea level, the city of Sao Paulo, in the state of Sao Paulo, represents today an area of approximately 1500 km², consisting of 900 km² of urban area and a rural area of approximately 600 km². These two areas together are known as Grande Sao Paulo (Greater Sao Paulo), the biggest population in South America with almost 15 million people. It consists of the old centre, the suburbs and a huge number of districts which make up this megalopolis, and tell the history of the city and its population. Initially inhabited by indigenous natives and 16th century Portuguese colonisers, the city also recieved, in the 17th century - as did almost all the south central and north-east regions of the country, a considerable African slave population, the main source of manual labour for the coffee and sugar-cane plantations. Its population, though, grew very slowly until the middle of the 19th century. At this time, the area which is now formed by Greater Sao Paulo was still made up of small population areas, the future districts of Pinheiros, Freguesia do Ó and Lapa.
Does a population hierarchy exist on the Ards Peninsula?
HYPOTHESIS 1 Does a population hierarchy exist on the Ards Peninsula? AIMS: The aim of this hypothesis is to see if the Rank Size Rule is true of the Ards Peninsula. In other words, to verify if there is a definite order to the spacing of settlements on the Ards Peninsula that could be said to be close to that stated by the Rank Size Rule. METHODOLOGY: In order to achieve the aims I have outlined above I used several different methods of collating and analysing the data. However, I must first describe how the data was collected. Much of the data was collected on the trip to the Ards Peninsula, although a good deal of the information regarding this hypothesis in particular was collected using census data. The data regarding population was gathered mostly by driving very slowly through the settlements and counting the houses as we went, then multiplying the number of houses by the Ards peninsula average population per house which is approx. 2.5. For many of the larger settlements we used 1991 census data. Using this data I will make a table showing the population of each of the twenty-five settlements we visited and their rank. The settlements will be ranked from one to twenty-five, with one having the largest population. Having done this I will then plot a line graph of population against population rank. If I draw on another line showing the theoretical result if
Road Traffic Accidents
A Guide on the Factors that are Connected with Road Accidents What is a Road Traffic Accident? (RTA) A road traffic accident is an event during which a vehicle either heads off from the road and will either end up in a ditch, or a collision with anything that can cause damage to the vehicle, including other vehicle's, telephone poles, buildings, and trees, humans or animals. Road traffic accidents (RTAs) can also be referred to as car accidents, traffic collisions, auto accidents, road accidents, personal injury collisions, motor vehicle accidents, and crashes. An estimated 1.2 million people worldwide each year are killed in some form of an RTA, and those that are injured is approximately forty times this number Causes of Road Traffic Accidents Environmental Factors Rain Rain can effect a driver's perception and produces visibility changes through its contact on headlamps, windshields, the road itself and road markings. The rain can also affect the driver's vision visibility through the windshield. The windshield wipers are never 100% effective, the splashing of the rain and the windshield wipers block vision and objects on the road. Wipers can also leave a smear on the windscreen and only clear 2/3 of the windshield from rain. When rain is combined with dirty water or slush thrown up from the road by other drivers, windshields can quickly become dirty. Water
EOGRAPHY GCSE CASE STUDIES AND NOTESUse geographical terms in your answers wherever possible
EOGRAPHY GCSE CASE STUDIES AND NOTES Use geographical terms in your answers wherever possible Understand meaning of terms used in questions:- explain = give reasons for describe = say what it shows distribution = how things are arranged, where they can be found relief = shape of the land layout = where things are pattern/trend = things that are the same site = actual position situation = its surroundings rural/urban = country/town input/output housing tenure/density = ownership/how many in a given area ecosystem = area sharing common characteristics Theme 1 - Physical systems & Environments a Geomorphic Processes and Landforms Erosion Transportation Deposition rivers hydraulic action attrition corrosion corrasion/abrasion suspension solution saltation traction 95% of river's energy used in transportation oxbow lakes levees delta braiding coasts as above weakness in rock enlarges = cave = arch = stack = stump long shore drift (waves in on diagonal due to wind, out at right angles due to gravity) suspension solution saltation traction bars tombolos spits ice plucking abrasion ribbon lake carries pushes material at edge of glacier kame eskers outwash plains terminal moraines drumlins Water Cycle precipitation - water falling as rain, hail, sleet, snow condensation - water change vapour - liquid evaporation - water change
To What Extent did the Gradual Abandonment of the Maoist Development Paradigm Between the years 1978 and 1988 Improve or Worsen the Lot of the Chinese Peasant?
To What Extent did the Gradual Abandonment of the Maoist Development Paradigm Between the years 1978 and 1988 Improve or Worsen the Lot of the Chinese Peasant? Unlike most modern dictators, Mao Zedong seems to have escaped the posthumous discredit that seems his due. He is still a national hero, and considered the father of the Chinese people. Although his political legacy may have avoided destruction, his economic one has not. Soon after his death, the ascension of Deng Xiaoping caused the beginning of a process that would change China from a large but inefficient nation to a world leader, poised to overtake America as the largest economy on Earth. It is fairly obvious that for the Chinese economy as a whole, the reformist policies of Deng and his successors were good news, but in the great capitalist game there are always losers as well as winners. In this instance the losers may well have been the rural peasants, the people that the party set out to protect. Was the transition from a centrally planned economy for the benefit or the detriment of the rural worker? There are many issues that must be addressed before an examination of the question proper can begin. For a start, it must be shown that the policies of Mao were actually abandoned. According to Diana Hunt, the Maoist Development Paradigm had as its central aim the abolition of all income differentials (you're
The rural aftermath - The effects of the plagues.
THE RURAL AFTERMATH The effects of the plagues differed from one region to another according to the forms of agriculture practised and local economic conditions. So we should be very careful about making broad generalisations. As one might expect the kill rate was lower in the countryside than it was in the towns, but it was still significant. In a selection of Essex manors hit in 1349 the range was between 25% at Market Roding rising to 54% at High Easter. Medieval Essex was highly manorialised and close to the main trade routes out of London and along the Essex coast and therefore more vulnerable. Overall rural mortality is thought to have been around 30% for those parts of Europe affected by the 1348 plague.. This however is not the end of the story. Between 1349 and 1369 recurrent bouts of the plague removed 80% of the pre Black Death population at Coltishall in Norfolk. These are catastrophic figures which must inevitably have affected the whole economic scene. Societies cannot afford to lose populations on this scale and recover overnight. Economic recession was inevitable. There were a number of collateral phenomena which added to the immediate impact of the 1348 Plague. The inability of the survivors to bury the dead has already been noted. In the countryside people died in the field and ditches and were left to rot. But humans were not the only victims. Knighton
It is clear that the US is finding the constant flow of would-be Mexican immigrants an increasing problem, as is shown by the fact that their Border Patrol budget increased by 180% between 1993 and 1998, to reach a total of $4.2 billion by 1999.
It is clear that the US is finding the constant flow of would-be Mexican immigrants an increasing problem, as is shown by the fact that their Border Patrol budget increased by 180% between 1993 and 1998, to reach a total of $4.2 billion by 1999. The USA will be employing 11,000 people to guard the border by September 2002, and 17,000 by 2008. But why does America see Mexican migrants as such a problem? And why do so many people consider it necessary to emigrate from Mexico to the US, sometimes employing desperate measures? How has such a situation arisen? These are questions I hope to address in this project, in which I will use a variety of sources to try and understand more of the causes and effects of migration between Mexico and the USA It is highly unlikely that anyone would be willing to leave their home and country to migrate somewhere else unless there were valid and important reasons for doing so. These are called push or pull factors. A push factor is a negative factor that encourages somebody to leave and migrate somewhere else. A pull factor is a positive one that encourages somebody to situate themselves in that particular place. Mexico has many 'push' factors, whilst America attracts so many immigrants because of its 'pull' factors; it is has excellent opportunities, is very wealthy, has a good educational system, good healthcare and readily-available jobs,
Theories of population.
Introduction The population problem has become one of the most important in the world. The end of 1998, according to UN's population reports, has doubled the total population in the world during the last 50 years. Despite the rate of population growth has declined from 2.0% in 1970-75 to 1.4% in the last half decade, there are still 6 billions people in the world and about 80 percent of them live in Less Developed Countries (LDCs). (Table 6.1 in Hewitt. T & I. Smyth 2000). This essay will introduce the main theories of population and examine the overpopulation is or not the major cause of poverty and environmental degradation. Theories of population Thomas Malthus published his famous essay: the principle of population and food production in 1798. In that essay, he illustrated the relationship between population increases and subsistence food supply. The main idea of that theory is that the food supply can only increase arithmetically because of limited land availability and limited technologies, but population increase geometrically. If population increases outstrips food increases, it would cause poverty, environmental degradation and even wars. Therefore, we must control population increases in some ways. He also states that if the average food supply falls below the subsistence level of consumption per people. It may cause starve and famine. The increase of morality
London Docklands - Has the regeneration been a success or a failure?
London Docklands. Has the regeneration been a success or a failure? The docklands cover 22 square km from London Bridge to Beckton. There are four main areas, which are, Wapping and Limehouse, Surrey Docks, Isle of Dogs and Royal Docks. The area has gone under a load of projects on order to improve the area. These projects consist of the Docklands Light Railway, London City Airport, Transport and redevelopment of the old factories and housing. In order to improve access to the area the Light Railway was opened in 1987 at a cost of £77 million. The train is unmanned and programmed by a computer to stop at the certain locations. It connects the Isle of Dogs to the main rail and the underground network and the city itself. Future plans are already being made to extend the route eastwards to the Royal Docks. The London City airport gave a further boost to the docklands that was previously a Short Take Off and Landing airport. This has been developed on the quay between the Royal Docks at Beckton. Brymon Airways and London City Airways offer scheduled flights to domestic and European destinations within a 600km radius of London. Along with the Light Railway and the airport other transport schemes have been established, the network of red brick roads in the EZ, is linking the Isle of Dogs to the city. The docklands highway is one of the newest schemes and includes the
