"Exeter is dealing well with its traffic needs" Discuss.

The hypothesis for this piece of coursework is "Exeter is dealing well with its traffic needs" As shown in the maps on the previous page Exeter is a city in the south-west of England, with areas like Dartmoor which is a national park nearby, Exeter is also surrounded by towns and villages like Topsham, Exmouth, Starcross and Lympstone. At the moment Exeter's population is around 111,000 but is always growing. Exeter has many transport links, including two main train stations and a few more local ones, a successful bus service, many roads in and surrounding Exeter and an international airport. Exeter's main train stations are Central station which is a few minute walk to the city centre and St David's station which is a 15-20 minutes walk or a few minute bus journey. Exeter has more local train station such as St Thomas train station, but these unlike the two main train stations which have trains which travel all around the country only have trains which travel to closer towns or cities. Exeter's main bus service which is Stagecoach, has many routes which enables you to travel around and just past the outskirts of Exeter, Stagecoach also have a Main bus station in Exeter which also has less frequent buses which travel further to place all around England. The last transport link which Exeter has is Exeter's international airport which as well as flying chartered flights also

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Does the demographic transition model still provide a 21st century framework for looking at demographical change in countries which are experiencing development? To what extent is the tool really useful or should we make it obsolete?

Does the DTM still provide a 21st century framework for looking at demographical change in countries which are experiencing development? To what extent is the tool really useful or should we make it obsolete? The demographic transition model is a means to calculate how countries will move from having high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates. It should allow us to predict the stages a developing country will have to pass through before it is fully industrialised. These changes are dependant on an array of social and economic factors for instance improved education, changes to women's roles (e.g. emancipation), better diet and enhanced healthcare. The demographic transition model is the result of compiled data, such as, birth rate, death rate and population from industrialised countries (mainly Europe and America). The DTM consists of 5 sections; there were originally 4 stages but the 5th was recently added when countries that were already considered to be fully developed continued to develop and change, making it necessary to modify and update the model. In stage 1 birth and death rates fluctuate at a high level (about 35 per 1000) giving a small population growth. Stage 2 is characterised by high birth rates but rapidly falling death rate to about 20 per 1000 people giving a rapid population growth. In stage 3 birth rates fall rapidly, to about 16 per 1000

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For my Travel and Tourism coursework I have chosen Marbella as my European destination

AO1 - Marbella Ronda is a beautiful town that lies within the Serranía de Ronda mountain range 48km away from Marbella at an altitude of 739 meters. The town is split into two different sections by a 100 meter deep gorge called El Tajo and is joined by the Puente Nuevo (which stands for New Bridge). The bridge was built in 1751 and took a total of 42 years to build; this is a key tourist attraction that brings many tourists to Ronda year in year out. Iglesia Mayor de la Encarnacion is a historical church in Marbella that was originally built in 1505, however most of the building was raised in 1712 and is now claimed to be the city's most important church which makes it popular for tourist visits. Alcazaba Wall (Marbella town's castle) and the 16th century town hall in the centre of town are two of Marbella's nicest buildings; these are opened up for visits and excursions and therefore help to attract more tourists to the area. Constitution Park, La Alameda Park and Arroyo de la Represa are three of Marbella's main local parks. Constitution Park which was once a garden of private residence is now used for concerts and plays throughout the summer whereas the Alameda Park and Arroyo de la Represa park are mainly used by the old Spanish locals and tourists to relax and talk in the quiet tropical gardens. For my Travel and Tourism coursework I have chosen Marbella as my

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Investigating Travel & Tourism

Unit 1 - Investigating Travel & Tourism Table of Contents UNIT 1 - INVESTIGATING TRAVEL & TOURISM 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 E1 KEY POST-WAR DEVELOPMENTS 5 . The changing social economic circumstances 7 2. Technological developments 7 3. Product development and innovation 7 4. Changing consumer needs and expectations and fashions 7 E1 CHANGING SOCIAL ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES 8 . Increase in Leisure Time 8 2. Disposable Income 9 3. Car Ownership 10 E1 TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS 11 2. Communication and information systems 12 3. Product Development 12 E1 FEATURES OF THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY 14 E1 FEATURES OF THE TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY 14 The National Tourist Boards (NTB's) 15 The Voluntary Sector 16 New Technologies 16 External Pressures 16 Currency Fluctuation 16 Legislation 17 Climate Change 17 Natural Disasters 17 War, Acts of Terrorism 17 Impact on Host Communities 17 Economic 18 Social 18 Environmental 18 E2 - SCALE OF THE UK INDUSTRY AND ITS ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE 20 Business Tourism 22 E2 - SCALE OF THE UK TRAVEL AND TOURISM INDUSTRY 23 Travel and Tourism Revenue 23 Contribution to the Balance of Payments 23 E2 - SCALE OF THE UK INDUSTRY AND ITS ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE 25 E3 A FULL EXPLANATION OF THE PRESENT STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY 26 . Accommodation and Catering 27 Serviced Accommodation 27 Self Serviced Accommodation

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With reference to a named country, evaluate attempts to manage population change

With reference to a named country, evaluate attempts to manage population change (15 marks) Thailand is located in south-east Asia, It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Cambodia and to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia. Mechai Viravaidya was a key influence in the change of population policy in Thailand, he came into government in 1973; he recognised that the fertility rate at the present time was not sustainable. In 1974 he set up the PDA or Population Development Association. It is arguable that at this time that Thailand was an LEDC where as now it is more commonly referred to as a Newly Industrialised Country (NIC), the faster transition through the demographic transition model may be a result of the change in population control. It was Mechai Viravaidya's plan to promote the use of contraception (formerly seen as a taboo subject) and family planning in order to control population development. The threat of Aids and HIV also became apparent to Viravaidya and the government; this gave him fresh impetus for his scheme. There were many successes of the program; this was attributable to a number of factors. Mechai's creativity helped to gain support such as free drinks after a vasectomy. This coupled with the willingness and openness of the Thai people allowed new ideas to thrive. The government gave Mechai the resources and support he

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Comparison Between MEDC and LEDC

Comparison Between MEDC and LEDC The comparisons between MEDC- More Economically Developed Country and LEDC-Less Economically Developed Country are many and varied but are mainly related to finance which gives the MEDC a higher standard of living for its occupants than those of the LEDC. Geographically most MEDC are situated in the northern hemisphere were as the LEDC are mostly in the southern hemisphere. Most MEDC are well advanced or have completed their development period for example the United Kingdom were as the LEDC are still in the early stages. Development of a country can be shown in a demographic transition model; this model consists of four stages. Stage one is pre modern which is when the birth rate and death rate fluctuate between each other which keeps population at a low, but stable point. Next is urbanizing and industrializing, at this stage the death rate drops due to better health care, standard of living etc and causes the population to increase quite quickly. Stage three is called mature industrial in this phase the birth rate stays high and the death rate is low so the population still increases quickly due to better technology. Lastly is the post industrial stage where the birth rate drops to the same level as the death rate which causes the population to become steady once again. An MEDC would be in stage four or nearing the end of it where and LEDC

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Mauritius - Case Study Focusing On Population.

Mauritius - Case Study Focusing On Population Mauritius is a small island in the Indian Ocean just off the east coast of Africa. The island was discovered by the Portuguese in 1505 and subsequently colonised by a number of European countries (Britain, France & Holland) before gaining independence in 1968. The European colonies started what is the major economy in Mauritius today - sugar. After the abolition of slavery in Britain (when the island was under British rule) workers were brought from India, which created a wealth of ethnic groups. At the beginning of the 20th century the growth of population in Mauritius was relatively slow. Between 1940-1970 the population exploded and nearly doubled. The main reasons for this are cited as being a sudden drop in the death rate after the eradication of malaria, and an increase in general healthcare. Normally countries with a good economy will have a drop in birth rates after a drop in death rates, but not in Mauritius for various reasons. For example the main religions on the island - Hinduism, Islam and Catholicism - both opposed the use of contraception. Also the average marriage age was extremely low, as this is also a part of Hindu tradition and it also ensures a high fertility rate. In the 1970's the fertility rate was an amazing 6.2 children per woman and the population growth rate was estimated to be 3%, and the mean

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Assess the impact of out of town retailing areas in the regions in which they occur

Assess the impact of out of town retailing areas in the regions in which they occur Out of town has become a relatively new trend within the UK and research conducted has found that 48 per cent of everything we now buy in UK food stores is bought in out of town stores - premises that are more than 25,000 square feet in size. Out of town shopping centres sprang up with the increase of cars and personal mobility: in 1960 39.5% of UK households had no cars but by 2000 this had drastically fallen to 27.4%. The growth of better transport links such as rail, bus and tram opened up a new world to consumers and they were more able to travel away from the CBD e.g. to shopping centres on the outskirts of cities. Whereas shops selling convenience goods were traditionally based in residential and suburban areas and the local population would have easily been able to access them by foot by all those in the immediate city. The national shop vacancy rate has risen to 14.5 per cent with many smaller centres in the north of the country reporting vacancy rates above 30 per cent - Recent CBRE analysis has found that sales densities at retail parks are as good if not better than many shopping centres in the country and profitability is much higher than in comparable town centres. Out of town retailing is arguably a more convenient experience which guarantees a better profit for the retailer.

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With reference to examples, discuss the overall effectiveness of urban regeneration schemes

With reference to examples, discuss the overall effectiveness of urban regeneration schemes Many inner cities have suffered from urban decline in the past 30 years due to many reasons. In response to this urban decline many local governments have introduced urban regeneration schemes. The effectiveness of these schemes depends on the location, the type of scheme and the way it helps the community. One city that has a substantial amount of urban decline is Liverpool. This is mainly due to the de-industrialisation of the area due to the decline of shipbuilding and general industry such as the sugar making company 'Tate and Lyle'. Between 1971 and 1983 manufacturing jobs were cut by one third meaning the unemployment rate was high in this area of the city. With the decline of manufacturing, the city had many abandoned docks, warehouses and industrial areas/material leading to general environmental degradation of the area. Liverpool is the only urban area in the UK which can claim to have been host to every major urban regeneration policy experiment introduced in the past 35 years. One particular scheme was The Eldonians which was an attempt at creating a sustainable community. The Eldonians is a community run redevelopment situated on the site of an old sugar refinery in the Vauxhall area of Liverpool. The Eldonian village is a housing cooperative built in 1983 as a

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Rebranding in the london docklands: case study

London Docklands Evidence of Rebranding Jumping straight to the point, rebranding has 1occurred and is currently taking place in various 'hot spot' locations to try to give the area a new modern feel. The chairman of the London Docklands Development Corporation, Sir Michael Pickard, said himself that, '16 years ago, the Isle of Dogs was an isolated, tightly knit community seemingly in the grip of irreversible decline. Today, massive investment from both the public and private sectors has transformed the area. There are new schools, health centers and homes, park and playgrounds, new road and rail links, and nearly 1.4 million square meters of commercial and industrial development, over 80% of which rented. The new residents and businesses have brought a fresh lifeblood to the Island.' So it is obvious that rebranding has taken place, but to what extent and where has it happened. The first information study I am going to look at is a place check form, here it will become more apparent which areas have undergone rebranding to a higher extent than others. So looking at fig.1.1, is an area called Felstead Wharf is reported to have high quality modern housing, with adjacent car parks provided. From the information in the photo and also the report, one can deduce that this area, once holding low quality housing for the working class population of the Docklands, has now been

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