Nuclear power.
Nuclear power has changed the world. It has enabled the world to do many things that would have otherwise been impossible. There are two types of nuclear power Fission and Fusion. Fission occurs when a nucleus of an atom splits in two in order to gain greater stability. When the atom splits there is a huge amount of energy released. In this reaction there is a difference in mass between the reactants and their products. This energy can then be used to boil water, which can in turn be used to turn turbines and therefore make electricity. The other type is fusion. This is the kind of process that occurs in the sun. In this process 2 small atoms are forced together to form a bigger one. This process also releases large quantities of energy. Nuclear power has many advantages. It provides huge amounts of power of the amount of fuel that is used. One kilo of enriched uranium can produce as much power as 2 million kilos of coal. The electricity is produced without any of the problems that come from burning fossils fuels. There are no greenhouse gases produced and there is no ash to disposes of. There are however problems with this type of power production. The fuel is highly radioactive and this makes it toxic to humans. Radioactive emissions can cause many diseases including cancer. When a cell is bombarded by radioactive emissions then can mutate or die. Mutation can lead to
ERP and Organisational Change Management
ERP and Organisational Change Management Abstract Change has turn into an unending event and business process re-engineering has turn out to be a prerequisite for continued existence of organizations as we approach the 21st century. As participants in this ever-changing operational environment, we must be ground-breaking in managing change as it affects both our professional and persona lives. One of the innovative ways to manage change in the implementation of an enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is to adopt a comprehensive change management methodologies. The purpose of this paper is to describe how the change management is crucial to ERP implementation and to illustrate how the methodology can be used to implement successful change. INTRODUCTION Although most organizations have come to realize the benefits of using testing procedures and tools during an ERP implementation, many companies recognize the need for change-management support in their projects. IT organizations need solid support for a number of critical procedures that change-management practices provide, including version control to manage the large number of modifications made throughout a project, audit trails to keep well-documented records of those modifications, process and workflow control to define, coordinate, and control the steps within a project and issue tracking to keep all project
Environmental Problems.
Environmental Problems All cities experience environmental problems to a lesser or greater degree, usually causing great obstruction to the developers that attempt to improve the urban environment. The brown agenda that obstructs this includes these issues: * Waste * Dereliction * Air pollution * Noise * Water supply * Environmental health * Urban ecosystems Waste products and waste disposal * Solids from paper, packaging and toxic waste increase as the numbers and affluence increase * Liquid sewage and industrial waste both rise exponentially * Sewage control in Calcutta, India-during the monsoon season sewage can be seen pouring down the side of the street where the drains are insufficient to cope. * Contamination and health hazards from poor systems of disposal, e.g. rat infestation and waterborne diseases * An example of an MEDC problem of waste disposal is in the 'Bronx', south of New-York-rubbish continually clutters the streets, just like in the squatter settlements in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Solutions: Solutions to any problem are made more difficult by the lack of available resources and the sheer scale of the problems faced. * Improved public awareness-recycling etc, landfill sites, incineration plants and export to other areas (usually MEDC to LEDC) * Development of effective sewage systems and treatment plants including recycling of brown water
Evaluate The Impact Of Deforestation In Indonesia.
Evaluate The Impact Of Deforestation In Indonesia Indonesia is an island republic and the largest nation in South East Asia, comprising of more than 13,670 islands straddling the equator, 6,000 of which are inhabited. Its latitude is 5º N to 10º S and longitude 95ºE to 140ºE, and stretches across 5,150 km of ocean. Indonesia is home to approximately 10% of the world's remaining tropical forests. In December 1999 Indonesia had only 20 million hectares of forests left and the World Bank has said that Indonesian forests were reduced by an annual average of approximately 1.5 million hectares between 1985 and 1997. A number of factors cause this deforestation. These include the use of wood as fuel; the use of wood in the manufacture of paper; manufacture of other wood products; slash-and-burn farming; commercial farming; cattle ranching; infrastructure development; forest fires; population resettlement; insect pests and diseases; mining; pollution; and illegal logging. These in turn are all results of unsustainable levels of consumption; the effects of national debt; pressure for increased trade and development; poverty; patterns of land ownership; growing populations; and social relationships including gender relations. These underlying causes are often ignored in explanations of why forests are being destroyed rather than managed sustainably. It is more usual to blame
Evaluate the impact of deforestation in Indonesia.
Evaluate the impact of deforestation in Indonesia. Indonesia is the larges archipelago in the world with over 3000 islands including Borneo, Java and Sumatra. The islands lie on or close to the Equator. The climate is equatorial - hot and wet - and the typical vegetation is tropical rainforest giving Indonesia the name of the 'Amazon of south-east Asia'. Indonesia had 10% of the world's tropical rainforest but rapid deforestation is a major issue for the country. Deforestation is a global issue; it brings both advantages and disadvantages to the countries that have areas of rainforest and to those who depend on the rainforest products. Many are opposed to the development of rainforests because of the negative impact on the ecosystem and the indigenous people. This loss of rainforest and the associated fauna and flora is particularly significant in Indonesia because the country has the largest number of mammal species in the world, with over 20 000 plant species and 17% of the worlds birds. Several species of both flora and fauna are facing extinction and continued deforestation is likely to lead to reduced bio-diversity, reduced biomass and lower rates of net primary productivity. The impact f this is worsened because there are no replanting policies in place to replace the deforested areas. There are serious conflicts between indigenous people such as the Moi people and
To what extent do the sources agree that Russian government policy on agriculture consistently failed and that peasants resisted it under both Tsarist and Communist rule?
To what extent do the sources agree that Russian government policy on agriculture consistently failed and that peasants resisted it under both Tsarist and Communist rule? Source 1 acknowledges that the emancipation 'conferred freedom on many millions of men, women and children'. Serfdom had prevented the industrial growth and introduction of modern agricultural methods. The abolition of Serfdom was in their mind the only method of preventing a peasant's revolt. Source 1 however states that the majority of peasants were still 'bound to their village communes' after the emancipation, emphasising the failure of land policies that had been set up after the end of Serfdom. Source 1 states the peasants did resist because they felt that the policies did not suite their needs and because they had to pay money for their land, it can be argued that this demonstrates that the policies were a failure because they were designed so that the peasants could not afford the repayments anyway. The source also contains a negative tone with verbs such as 'resented' and 'resisted'. The peasant's resistance was aroused during the emancipation due to unpopularity of the policies. This is mentioned in Source 1 and Source 2. In Source 1 Ronald Hingley states that 'special community courts ordered the flogging of recalcitrant peasants' and mentions that they were later sent to Siberian exile. The
What the current issues are in the next 25 years and what policies should we encourage.
What the current issues are in the next 25 years and what policies should we encourage The United Kingdom In the next 25 years, looking at the population pyramid, there will be an influx in the United Kingdom's population, but currently, the UK has reached stage 5 in the demographic transition model. The main reason being is because as fewer children are being born, the birth rate is similar to the death rate. For a stable population growth, an average birth rate of at least two children per adult female is required. At the moment it is 1.7. There are many reasons for this. They are firstly, more people choosing to stay single, the further emancipation of women giving females the choice of whether to have children or not: or later in life - influencing them to have only one child, and the change in views about lifestyle ie. Wanting material possessions rather than incurring the costs of raising a family. However, the general increase in the quality of life has resulted in people living longer, which also have an effect on the overall population figures. Free national healthcare has improved, both of which have had a direct influence on increasing the ageing population. A better overall standard of living e.g. Housing, food etc... - has also eliminated many of the problems which caused early death. The UK therefore has an increasing population over the ages of 65 and 69 in
What were the causes and consequences of the demographic change between 1750 and 1900?
What were the causes and consequences of the demographic change between 1750 and 1900? Introduction Between 1750 and 1900 the population and its distribution changed dramatically, with the population rising by almost 700%. In this change, many people moved from rural areas to the towns, in search of jobs, this is one of the main demographic changes. In this essay I will be writing about the causes of this change and what the consequences were. Health, medicines and laws A big part of the demographic change was due to the change in laws and taxes. With the removal of window tax, dwellings which had previously been dark, cold and damp, became brighter and this encouraged people to keep their homes cleaner. The damp, dirty homes of the past provided an ideal environment for the spread of disease. Soap prices became a lot lower, making it easier to afford for the average poverty stricken family. With their new, warm houses people were inclined to wash more regularly, this may have made it socially unacceptable to smell. Previously, many common diseases, such as cholera, were spread when wastewater was allowed to contaminate drinking water. It became obvious that many diseases were spread through drinking contaminated water and something had to be done. This change in water quality was partially due to the fact that human faeces and urine were taken from the water system and
What are the consequences of an ageing population?
What are the consequences of an ageing population? When a country has a high number of elderly people (people aged 65 and over), it is said to have an 'ageing population.' The proportion of elderly people in the world is steadily increasing: by 2025, it is predicted that nearly ( of the world's population will be 65 or over. This is happening most rapidly in the rich countries of the economically developed world. Rich countries have growing numbers of elderly people, because of declines in fertility rates and high standards of living and healthcare, which enable people to live well into their old age. In Europe and America, the post World War II baby boom generation will reach retirement age late next decade. The number of elderly dependents will rise rapidly for many years. Most developed countries and some developing countries have ageing populations. Sweden has the highest proportion of elderly people in the world: In 1750, only 6% of Sweden's population was over 65, yet now, it is over 20%. In the UK, the 2001 census showed that the proportion of people over 60 had increased from 16% in 1951 to 21%. For the first time ever in the UK there are now more over 60 year olds than there are under 16s. The ageing of the population in the UK is especially evident when you look at the number of people over 85. This number has increased, over five fold, from 0.2 million in 1951 to
What are the effects of Deforestation?
Deforestation Vegetation, in particular trees, absorb carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide throughout their lives by the process of photosynthesis. This carbon is stored in the carbohydrates produced. Although some of this is used up quickly in respiration, which returns the carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, some is changed to fats and proteins. As man has evolved, however, he has slowly overrun the forests. Some figures say that at the moment, and area of woodland the size of Wales is destroyed every week. This causes several problems: * Less carbon dioxide is absorbed form the atmosphere * When trees are burnt or decay through the action of microbes, this carbon and methane is released * More carbon is being released than is being absorbed So the amount of carbon in the atmosphere has increased. So what? Well, it is thought by many scientists that this increase in the percentage of carbon dioxide could enhance the Greenhouse effect. On a smaller scale, the destruction of trees destroys habitats and can lead to the expansion of deserts as the nutrient rich soil around the trees is held together by the tree roots. Without these, the soil is erroded away. The levels of CO2 and methane are slowly rising. These gases thicken the atmosphere, reducing the amount of energy radiated by the Earth's surface and keeping it warmer than it would be otherwise. Increased levels
