The bonds are smaller therefore making them stronger.
The Trial Run
I have decided to do a trail run because I cannot decide which slope angle to use in the investigation.
I will investigate the angles of 30 degrees, 40 degrees and 50 degrees.
PLAN
Apparatus
- Drain pipe (volcano side)
- Retort stand and clamp
- Wallpaper powder
- Water
- Bowl
- 100 cm ruler
- Mixing rod
- Stop watch
- Two Beakers
- Digital Scales
- Protractor
- Measuring Cylinder
Method
First I need to collect all the apparatus. I have chosen this list because I think it will give me the most accurate results.
Clamp the drainpipe at the end so it is at an angle facing down. Before every experiment make sure that the angle is at 30 degrees starting horizontally. This will make it a fair test.
Using the ruler draw a line from the edge of the pipe (at the bottom) 50-cm up. After every experiment make sure it is at 50-cm.
Using the digital scales measure out 100ml of water to a beaker. First collect over 100ml in a measuring cylinder. Put the beaker onto the scales and make sure it is at zero and that it weighs in grams. Purr in the water form the measuring cylinder into the beaker until it reads exactly 100 grams (ml). I have chosen this method of measuring because it will produce more accurate results.
Using the digital scales again, measure out 2 grams of wallpaper powder. Put the beaker on top of the scales now tare. This makes sure you are only measuring out 2 grams of wallpaper paste. Put 2 grams into the beaker.
Put the bowl underneath the drainpipe so the paste goes into it and not onto the desk.
Get the stopwatch ready. Now put the Paste in to the beaker with the water in immediately start stirring with the mixing rod and start the stopwatch. This is to ensure that it is a fair test.
After two minutes get ready with the paste and position yourself ready to purr it down the slope.
When the stopwatch purrs the hits 2 minutes 30 seconds stop mixing and purr the paste down the slope and start the clock again. Stop the clock when the first bit of paste hits the end of the slope. Wash everything before and after experiments so it will be a fair test.
Make sure I do everything so it will be a fair test.
Record the result in the table and continue to repeat the experiment twice more to achieve the most accurate and fair results. If they’re any anomalies redo them. See Diagram in final method.
Results
The viscosity in the table stands for the amount of paste used in the experiment.
Conclusion and Evaluation
I have found that the most appropriate slope angle is 30 and the worst slope angle is 50 because this will be hard to record the results. I am now going to continue doing the planning for my experiment.
Apparatus
- Drain pipe (volcano side)
- Retort stand and clamp
- Wallpaper powder
- Water
- Bowl
- 100 cm ruler
- Mixing rod
- Stop watch
- Two Beakers
- Digital Scales
- Protractor
Method
First I need to collect all the apparatus. I have chosen this list because I think it will give me the most accurate results.
Second clamp the drainpipe at the end so it is at an angle facing down (diagram). Before every experiment make sure that the angle is at 30 degrees. This will make it a fair test.
Using the ruler draw a line from the edge of the pipe (at the bottom) 50-cm up. After every experiment make sure the line is 50-cm from the bottom.
Using the digital scales measure out 100ml of water to a beaker. First collect over 100ml in a measuring cylinder. Put the beaker onto the scales and make sure it is at zero and that it weighs in grams. Purr in the water form the measuring cylinder into the beaker until it reads exactly 100 grams (ml). One ml of water is the same as One gram. I have chosen this method of measuring because it will produce more accurate results.
Using the digital scales again, measure out 2 grams of wallpaper powder. Put the beaker on top of the scales now tare. This makes sure you are only measuring out 2 grams of wallpaper paste. Put 2 grams of paste into the beaker.
Put the bowl underneath the drainpipe so the paste goes into it and not onto the desk.
Get the stopwatch ready. Now put the Paste in to the beaker with the water in immediately start stirring with the mixing rod and start the stopwatch. This is to ensure that it is a fair test.
After two and a half minutes get ready with the paste and position yourself ready to purr it down the slope. I have changed the time from two minutes to two and a half because this will make sure it is thoroughly mixed.
When the stopwatch hits 2 minutes 30 seconds stop mixing and purr the paste down the slope and start the clock again. Stop the clock when the first bit of paste hits the end of the slope.
Wash everything before and after experiments so it will be a fair test.
Make sure everything is done to ensure a fair test.
Record the result in the table and continue to repeat the experiment twice more to achieve the most accurate and fair results. If they’re any anomalies redo them.
Diagram
Results
This table shows how long it takes for wallpaper paste to flow down a 50-cm slope of 30 degrees and it shows the speed.
The Viscosity in the table stands for the amount of wallpaper powder used.
Graph
The first graph shows how long it took for the wallpaper paste to flow down a 50-cm slope of 30 degrees and second graph shows the speed.
Conclusion
I have found that the lower the viscosity gets, the higher the speed gets and the higher the viscosity gets the lower the speed gets. I have also found that the lower the viscosity the lower the time gets. This is because as the viscosity increases the bonds become stronger and smaller making the movements of the particles become more restricted. I am now going to draw a diagram to explain this theory:
The particles are closely packed and are more restricted in movement.
The particles having longer bonds make the movement less restricted.
The second graph, which shows the speed, there is no general pattern for example as the viscosity doubles does the speed half. I have shown this by drawing a straight-line graph. If there were to be a general pattern it would have been seen here. I also see this by looking at the gradient in-between each point. The gradient is the relationship between they y-axis and the x-axis (If the gradient was two the points would be (1,2) (2,4) (3,6)) I have shown this on my graph (second one).
But on this graph I have also found that there is an anomaly (in my result 1.5 grams). At the time during the experiment I did not notice this but it is still anomalies. In my experiment I have proved that the lower the viscosity the faster the lava flows and vice versa.
Evaluation
In my aim I have said, “My aim is to investigate how the viscosity of lava changes the speed of the lava flow when purred down a shallow angle” and I have done it.
I think that I have done an accurate test because I was able to produce a line of best fit for my graph and there seemed to be no failure? But there was an anomaly. This was probably due to the length at which the ‘lava’ was poured (55 cm not 50 cm). I did notice this at the time because I could not tell for the time. This could also be an improvement to do, make sure that the results looks O.K. on a graph before write up.
I think that the experiment was fair (except for the anomaly) because I cannot see any reason for it to be unfair.
I think I was limited in only two ways:
- I did not have enough time to do the experiment in, I could have made sure of the anomaly.
- Half way through the experiment I was shown a piece of apparatus that used magnetic fields to make a small piece of metal spin inside the beaker. This would have made the experiment more accurate and fair.
To extend my project I could investigate all the other things I said in my aim like:
- Slope angle
- Temperature of the lava
- Slope height
- Volume of lava
- Roughness/smoothness of slope.
By
Ashley Brookes