"Comparing the mean ratios of shell height/diameter of the Patella spp on an exposed and sheltered shore"
A2 Biology Investigation "Comparing the mean ratios of shell height/diameter of the Patella spp on an exposed and sheltered shore" Rebekah Riley Candidate number: 5037 Centre number: 28384 Background Information Limpets are slow moving molluscs, characteristic of rocky shores and are very well adapted to life on the seashore. They have a hard shell to protect themselves against predators and damage from moving rocks, and a large muscular foot that enables them to clamp firmly onto rocks to conserve water and maintain their position during rough weather. The most common limpet is Patella vulgata. The conical shell of Patella vulgata can be up to 6 cm long with radiating ridges and the apex central or slightly anterior. Orton (1928) has shown that individuals that inhabit the upper shore generally have a taller shell and smaller shell length when compared to juveniles and lower shore organisms. The thickness of shells is believed to be concerned with heat insulation and water conservation. Patella vulgata is found wherever there is a substratum firm enough for its attachment e.g. on rocks, stones and in rock pools, from the upper shore to the sublittoral fringe. It is abundant on all rocky shores of all degrees of wave exposure although the highest densities of Patella vulgata coincide with wave-exposed conditions (Fretter and Graham 1994). The species is not usually
"Exeter is dealing well with its traffic needs" Discuss.
The hypothesis for this piece of coursework is "Exeter is dealing well with its traffic needs" As shown in the maps on the previous page Exeter is a city in the south-west of England, with areas like Dartmoor which is a national park nearby, Exeter is also surrounded by towns and villages like Topsham, Exmouth, Starcross and Lympstone. At the moment Exeter's population is around 111,000 but is always growing. Exeter has many transport links, including two main train stations and a few more local ones, a successful bus service, many roads in and surrounding Exeter and an international airport. Exeter's main train stations are Central station which is a few minute walk to the city centre and St David's station which is a 15-20 minutes walk or a few minute bus journey. Exeter has more local train station such as St Thomas train station, but these unlike the two main train stations which have trains which travel all around the country only have trains which travel to closer towns or cities. Exeter's main bus service which is Stagecoach, has many routes which enables you to travel around and just past the outskirts of Exeter, Stagecoach also have a Main bus station in Exeter which also has less frequent buses which travel further to place all around England. The last transport link which Exeter has is Exeter's international airport which as well as flying chartered flights also
Is tourism the same the world over-an example of the contemporary global leisure industry?
Essay Culture, Power, Language Question: Is tourism the same the world over-an example of the contemporary global leisure industry? Tourism is deemed as a contemporary leisure industry though its output may not be physically evaluated. But, it can not be denied that it makes a contribution to the GDP, plays a significant role in improving the balance of payment, and besides all its economic benefits, is an important factor in forming the country's image and in devoting to the protection of natural and cultural values. There is no simple structure for this industry as tourism is apparently different from country to country, region to region, even site to site in the same city. Thus, tourism is created on different purpose and developed toward different direction all over the world as a result of distinct characteristics in almost all dimensions of different areas. These differences are probably the motivation of people planning to travel outside their homes. Firstly, also the most obvious, is the differences caused by the geographic or natural conditions. This could be on account of climatic element, natural resources, etc. For example, The Republic of Malta, which has plenty of islands locating in the central Mediterranean Sea. It provided tourists beautiful beaches and scenic views that along with a typical Mediterranean climate.1 Secondly, which this course
kobe earthquake
Question Two: Why did the Kobe Earthquake in 1995, do so much damage and kill so may people? The earth's surface is not all one big piece. It is broke down into several different pieces called plates. Each plate moves a few centimetres a year. The place were two plates join up we call a plate boundary. Major earthquakes and volcanoes eruptions take place at these plate boundaries. Japan is at the boundary of three plates. It is located were the pacific and the Philippians plates move towards the Eurasian plate. As the two plates meet the Eurasian plate they are forced downwards and under the Eurasian plate. The movement has resulted in lots of earthquakes and volcanoes all over the country killing many people and destroying much land and crops. The effects of the Kobe earthquake were of awful devastation. 5,000 people died in the earthquake and 350,000 were made homeless. This was an effect of the earthquake. But also gas pipes exploded and fires burnt all over the city, this was a secondary cause of death caused by the earthquake. Other secondary causes of death were underground water pipes burst all over the city. Large areas of Kobe were blacked because electricity lines were cut. With the smoke from the fires the search for survivors was difficult. Several hospitals in the old part of Kobe were destroyed in the earthquake. When the ground moved some of the buildings did
What are the main features of a Savanna ecosystem?
The Chronicle 0th December 2003 40p Editor: Joe Ramage Nakuru: Problems, conflicts and solutions. What are the main features of a Savanna ecosystem? For most of the year in this part of Kenya, the climate is very warm and very dry. However for a short season of three months (April, May and June), there is abundant rainfall and then a shorter period known as the 'little rains' (November and December). Both of these periods of rain follow quite soon after the overhead sun has past right over the equator. The temperatures throughout the year are generally high, the cooler part of the year occurs when the sun is overhead in the opposite hemisphere. Most places in Kenya are too far inland to be affected by the sea, so most of the areas with this climate are upland areas with slightly reduced temperatures due to the high altitudes. During the dry season the prevailing winds blow from the east allowing any moisture to be deposited before reaching western parts of the continents. The rainy season coincides with the sun, when it is overhead and the dry prevailing winds have reduced. Unfortunately the length of the rainy season and the amount of rainfall are unpredictable. While the heavy nature of the rain can do a lot of damage. A climate graph of Nakuru. The
Evolution of management theories.
EVOLUTION OF MANAGEMENT THEORIES PRECLASSICAL CONTRIBUTORS Laid the groundwork for subsequent, broader inquires into the nature of management. · Robert Owen: He laid the groundwork for the human relation movement. He was the one who realized the importance of human resources and emphasized on improving the living conditions of the employees. · Charles Babbage: known as the " father of modern computing". He introduced the concept of work specialization i.e. the degree to which work is divided into various jobs. · Henry R. Towne: realized that management techniques could be applied factories. He outlined the importance of management as a science and called for the development of management principles that cannot be used in all types of management situations. CLASSICAL VIEWPOINT A management approach that emphasizes the total organization and ways to improve overall effectiveness and efficiency. Have three approaches: Scientific Management: A management perspective that focuses on the rational scientific study of work situations to improve efficiency. · Fredrick Winslow Taylor: he came up with time and motion study. The study involves breaking down the work tasks into various elements or motions, eliminating unnecessary motions, and determining the next way to do a job. · Frank & Lillian Gilbreth: He also proposed motion studies to
How and why is the climate of the inner city area different from that of the suburbs? Examine the impacts of industrialization and urbanization on the human health and how these impacts could be reduced to a minimum.
How and why is the climate of the inner city area different from that of the suburbs? Examine the impacts of industrialization and urbanization on the human health and how these impacts could be reduced to a minimum. Microclimate in inner city area is different from that of the suburbs. Inner city area experience urban heat island that is temperature is high in inner city. Waste products and chemical wastes and pollution generated by industrialization and urbanization adversely affect human health. Urban heat island means that the temperature is highest in city center, and diminishes outward to periphery and drop markedly in suburb. There is a temperature gradient from city center to suburbs. The difference is the great during night and there is radiation loss. There are many factors leading to the urban heat island. First, is the heat generated by industrial activities like power deriving driving machines, heat system, combustion, ventilation system and human movement. The combustion of fossil fuels produce greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These pollutants especially CO2 are good heat absorbers. The artificial heat produced by the industrial activities is trapped and the temperature is high. Second, the tough and high-rise buildings themselves reflect, absorb and radiate the heat to the ground. Therefore, the heat is trapped.
What Affect has the outward movement of retailing office and service provision had on: Surrounding rural Settlements; City Centres
What Affect has the outward movement of retailing office and service provision had on: Surrounding rural Settlements; City Centres a.) The Retail Revolution that has been occurring in waves since the 1970's was such a shift in the way in which our services are provided that consequences for surrounding areas were inevitable. With the first wave of decentralisation of the inner city areas supermarket food industries left to edge-of-city sites causing much strain on the need for corner shops which in comparison to the mega-stores were of low variety and unattractive to shoppers. This coupled with the fact that the residents of rural areas were increasingly becoming more mobile meant that there was an overall decline in general store and corner shops in many rural areas that neighboured large cities. With a decline in services available close by there are always going to be people who lose out. For instance older residents that perhaps have lived in these villages for a long time may not be car owners. Consequently these people will decide to move to a place that has the services they require close by and there will be a decline in population. Any area in a cycle of declining population and loss of services often continues to do so until the process of dilapidation is out of control. We saw this process in Caistor, a rural settlement outside of Grimsby, where the introduction of
Plan for the use of Brooklyn Army Terminal, a 972 acre Waterfront Site in Sunset Park, Brooklyn.
Plan for the use of Brooklyn Army Terminal, a 972 acre Waterfront Site in Sunset Park, Brooklyn. Revitalisation of the industrial waterfront is nothing new to New York City. The decline of manufacturing in industrial cities saw the obsolescence of port infrastructure and the rise of producer services in harbour cities over the world. The spatial response in New York City to this economic phenomenon has been varied but has been focussed on similar ends. Beginning with Battery Park City in 1962, when 92 sq feet of new land were created to accommodate new office and residential space over the site of 20 deteriorated Hudson River piers. Waterfront development in New York City is also represented by diverse projects like the restoration of Schermerhorn Row and the creation of The South Street Seaport as a Festival market place, where the retention and restructuring of the historic fabric occurred as well as the insertion of new structure and Chelsea Piers where four neglected historic, piers were transformed into a major centre for public recreation and for waterfront access. Though they provide "public" spaces for the local public, the target of such projects is really the upper income earners and the tourist. This is reflected in investment decisions that produce little for local economic development and few social benefits. The site in question is in Sunset Park, South
Why is New Zealand a dangerous place to live?
Why is New Zealand a dangerous place to live? New Zealand is located in the southwest of the Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia. This beautiful country has many high lands, huge rivers and mountains, which are steep, very jagged and glaciated. There is plenty of ash over the North Island resulting from volcanic eruptions. What makes this amazing country so dangerous is that so many natural hazards exist here. New Zealand situated right through the ring of fire. This is a zone where frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions happen. New Zealand's volcanoes occur by the Indo-Australian plate going underneath the Pacific plate which melts causing the burst of lava, and the treacherous volcano. There is a long string of volcanoes here, some are extinct and some are active. This area is called the subduction zone. One big volcano, called White Island erupts every year. In Wellington there is a volcano that is next to an enormous fault. This could erupt at any time and if it does there will be disastrous results. 50 volcanoes surround the popular city of Auckland. In some places there is so much molten rock that the volcano could go underwater. If the water gets in, the whole city could be destroyed. Lake Taupo was formed 3000 years ago by a mammoth volcanic eruption. Another major natural hazard in New Zealand is the earthquakes. In 1931 Napia - South Island a massive
