Upper Porter Valley in Sheffield - source related study.

History Around Us By Philip Jacobs Introduction On Tuesday 10th June 2003 and Wednesday 18th June 2003 I visited the upper Porter Valley in Sheffield. The purpose of these visits was to give me an understanding and provide evidence to aid me in answering the following questions. a) Would your visit to Shepherd Wheel give you enough evidence to support what is said in Sources A, B and C? b) Consider all the sites you have visited to help you answer the following question b) i) How useful are the various sites in the Upper Porter Valley for learning about water powered sites and the cutlery industry before 1850? b) ii) Is there sufficient evidence in the valley to provide a good understanding of Porter Valley's water powered sites and cutlery making industry? a) Would your visit to Shepherd Wheel give you enough evidence to support what is said in Sources A, B and C? Source A - The heyday of the water mill in Sheffield was in the late 1700s when the streams were often so crowded that the tail goit of one mill fed the dam of the next. The Forge and the Wheel - J G Timmins Source A says that "the heyday of the water mill in Sheffield was in the late 1700s". At Shepherd Wheel there is little evidence to support this claim. Though a small, modern plaque outside the workshop says that a Mr. Shepherd employed 10 men to work for him in 1794. This can be seen in figure

  • Word count: 2600
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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A Village Study Of Pirbright

GCSE Geography Coursework A Village Study Of Pirbright In this piece of coursework I am going to be carrying out an investigation into a village, in order to find evidence to answer a series of geographical questions, which all centre around one main question which is: 'Is Pirbright a suburbanised village?' In order to answer this question I will need to follow a sequence of investigation, which consists of four main steps: a) The Background Information In this part of the investigation I will be looking at the background information. I will start by looking at the theoretical background, saying what a suburbanised village is, before looking at how the location of the village affects whether it becomes suburbanised or not. I will then move onto the geographical background, saying where exactly Pirbright is and what I would expect the village to be like judging from its location. b) Collecting The Data In order to collect the data I will need to visit Pirbright and collect sources of both primary and secondary data. Whilst I am in Pirbright, I will be collecting evidence to answer the main question by completing the following: -A land use map of the village -A survey of the services in the village -An environmental quality assessment -Three questionnaires aimed at the people we meet in Pirbright. -A survey of the method of transport that people use around the

  • Word count: 911
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Describe and explain the physical and human causes of flooding and the possible solutions that may be undertaken to prevent flooding and to deal with it.

Flooding Essay. Describe and explain the physical and human causes of flooding and the possible solutions that may be undertaken to prevent flooding and to deal with it. There are many factors that contribute to the causes of flooding. These causes can either be human, (things that happen due to human life and civilisation) or physical, (things that happen naturally to cause flooding). Physical causes: The drainage basin is the area of which the river drains its water from. The boundaries are marked by the watershed. There are many different ways of which water can enter the river channel. Some ways are quicker that others. The quickest are examples like surface run-off. This happens when the rate of precipitation exceeds the rate of infiltration, so it flows over the top of the surface and into the river. The slowest ways for water to travel are groundwater flow. Precipitation has to infiltrate through the soil then pass horizontally through permeable rock and into the river. These can increase the risk of flooding as the water is getting to the river quicker. This will cause a mass excess of water to run into the river and flood its banks. Groundwater flow will stop water getting to the river channel quicker but it will eventually get there. Also if storage of water is held somewhere this can increase the risk of flooding. For example surface storage occurs when the

  • Word count: 972
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Should tourism be developed further in Kenya?

Should tourism be developed further in Kenya? Where is Kenya? Kenya is in east Africa, and is bordered by countries such as Tanzania Uganda, Ethiopia and Somalia. The longitude of Kenya is 38 degrees and the latitude is 0 degrees. The capital city of Kenya is Nairobi and one of the most important towns is Mombassa. This country is bordered to the east by the Indian Ocean, and is on the equator. Why do tourists visit Kenya? Tourists visit Kenya for many reasons. The two most popular types of holidays are safari holidays and beach holidays. These are the two types of places were tourists go to enjoy their holidays and also the scenery and atmosphere. They also like to look at the way and find out about the traditional ways of life and how they are lived, by this countries people. When tourists go on safari holiday's majority of the tourists sit back, relax and enjoy the hot sunny weather and they vacation in the national parks and stay in the lodges. During this visit they travel in the minibuses to see the beautiful wildlife, which Kenya offers. This is where the famous world animals live, for example; giraffes, leopards, elephants, others include lions, rhinoceros, flamingos' and many others. They also take photographs of the wildlife to keep souvenirs, however tourists may also by souvenirs from the different masaii shops, in villages, in the national parks. Tourists

  • Word count: 3491
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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'The loss of tropical rainforests is the most crucial ecological issue of our time.'

'The loss of tropical rainforests is the most crucial ecological issue of our time.' CATHERINE CAUFIELD, AUTHER OF 'IN THE RAINFORESTS. The Background. a Large areas of the Amazon Rainforest have already been removed, there is an estimated 20% been cut and burnt down. This problem can be caused by many different reasons. The Amazon is such a central area for worry because it contains over 50% of the world's natural rainforests and if it is destroyed then the ultimate scenario is world devastation. Circumstances that make people feel the need to cut down rainforests cause people to go about it in different ways. The ways in which they go about it can be classified as either sustainable or non-sustainable. Unfortunately most practices that go on in the rainforest are non-sustainable and can cause long- term damage to them. The reasons for the deforestation are very complicated. It is a vicious circle. Here are some of those reasons: THE RAINFOREST IS RICH IN RESOURSES. The rainforest covers a large amount of land and under its surface there are many natural resources such as gold, oil, natural gases, coal and iron, tin and bauxite ores. As these types of resources are becoming scarce in other parts of the world and the Amazon is rich in them, people are moving to the Amazon to mine them. Opencast mining is often used; this causes large areas of devastation as the

  • Word count: 2754
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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The world is becoming smaller due to the advances in technology and transport. Many natural barriers divided the world before advances in transport were made,

The world is becoming smaller due to the advances in technology and transport. Many natural barriers divided the world before advances in transport were made, this includes seas, mountains, deserts, forests and jungles. The first advance in transport was the taming of horses, this is believed to date back to 30,000 BC from paleolithic cave art. The use of camels closely followed horses, camels were used to cross the desert barrier, people met new cultures and traded their goods. The water barrier between countries was overcome by the invention of the first boat made from wood. It was moved with paddles at first but the invention of the sail allowed the boat to travel along trade winds. Americans explored the Mediterranean and North Africa. In 1942 Columbus discovered a new world to the west whilst looking for a shorter trade route to the east. In 1519 it took Magellan 3 years to sail around the globe and prove was round. The elimination of the water and desert barriers made the world smaller, people could travel further but not very fast. The use of steam as power began in the late 1800's at the start of the industrial revolution. Steam was used in industry to power machinery as well as in boats and trains; The first steam train moved at 15 mph which shocked people at the time. In 1869 a train route was established from San Francisco to New York, through Queens and Chicago.

  • Word count: 640
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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"What are the physical processes that cause geomorphic hazards? What problems do they cause for people?"

"What are the physical processes that cause geomorphic hazards? What problems do they cause for people?" The relationship between people and the terrain in which the live on, off and around has been closely co-dependent for thousands of years. In this essay I am aiming to discuss how and the reason how physical processes cause geomorphic hazards, including case studies around the world, where relevant, to show the causes and effects of such hazards. I also want to explain and describe how they have affected the everyday lives of millions of people in every corner of the World. Mass movement processes are the result of physical processes exerted by man (i.e. Farming methods) to natural processes (i.e. Earthquakes). When I talk about mass movement processes, this involves large masses or quantities of land material caused by a number of factors. The factors include: * Erosion by rivers, glaciers, or ocean waves create too steep slopes * Rock and soil slopes are weakened through saturation by snowmelt or heavy rains * Earthquakes create stresses that make weak slopes fail * Earthquakes of magnitude 4.0 and greater have been known to trigger landslides * Volcanic eruptions produce loose ash deposits, heavy rain, and debris flows. * Excess weight from accumulation of rain or snow, piling of rock or ore, from waste piles, or from man-made structures may stress weak

  • Word count: 1070
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Inner city initiatives provide the only mechanism for improving cities. Discuss

Inner city initiatives provide the only mechanism for improving cities. Discuss An architect once said that 'When you look at a city, it's like reading the hopes, aspirations and pride of everyone who built it", however is this true today. Is the governments only key aims to 'cater' for everyone's needs without any thought process resting on the individuals who have lived there for so long? Within our modern society, we see things like crime, economic downfall, poverty and pollution; all these things are present in every city within the world. The governments and councils of these subsequent areas are thus on constant pressure, to supply new individuals entering their abode, be it immigrants or migrants, with housing, work and other such essentials. There have been many initiatives over the years which have taken place to re-develop some areas, to make an area more hospitable or increase the profitability of that such place. Within this essay I will look at the importance of the inner city initiatives, and conclude whether these such innate schemes are driving to what we call an 'improved city'. There are many schemes, which are being put in place throughout the UK, which main aims are to develop the inner city areas of particular cities around the United Kingdom, for example, Birmingham and London. The most famous is named the LDDC or the London Docklands Development

  • Word count: 1471
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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Effects of Air polloution on Animals

Effects of Air polloution Animals Direct Animals are exposed to air pollutants via three pathways: 1) inhalation of gases or small particles, 2) ingestion of particles suspended in food or water, or 3) absorption of gases through the skin. In general, only softbodied invertebrates (e.g. earthworms), or animals with thin, moist skin (e.g. amphibians) are affected by the absorption of pollutants. An individual's response to a pollutant varies greatly and depends on the type of pollutant involved, the duration and time of exposure, and the amount taken up by the animal. Factors such as the individual's age, sex, health, and reproductive condition also play a role in its response. For example, a young animal may be injured by a short episode of extremely high pollutant concentration, while an adult of the same species may have little, if any, response to long-term exposure to the same pollutant at slightly lower concentrations. There is also a great deal of variability between animal classes, species, and even genotypes, in terms of the level of tolerance to a particular pollutant. In this section, the pollutants of concern have been divided into three broad categories: gases, such as ozone and hydrogen sulfide; non-acidic particulates and toxins, like metals, fluoride compounds, and organic and synthetic chemicals; and acidifying agents, specifically nitrates and sulfates.

  • Word count: 1811
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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An Experiment to Investigate Species Diversity at West Runton Beach.

An Experiment to Investigate Species Diversity at West Runton Beach Aim For this investigation, I am aiming to investigate the species diversity at West Runton Beach. The aim is to research the distributions of substrates, plant life and other organisms, comparing them with each other and relating it to the tidal zonation. This will hopefully show us how each factor of the environment affects the others. The experiment will be a line transect using a quadrant down to parts of the beach; from the shore to the other end; by a groyne and down the middle. I hope also to see how this affects the ecology of the investigated areas. Objectives The objective of this experiment is to see how different factors of environments at this particular beach affect other factors. I intend to learn and gain a broader understanding about niches: which biotic and abiotic factors prefer which conditions. I also intend to see how the populations are structured. Apparatus In order to carry out this experiment we will need the following equipment: One metre squared quadrant A tape measure Pen and paper with clipboard Walking boots or Wellington boots Method To carry out this experiment I will need to maintain the following instructions: . We will do the following by the groyne and down the middle of the beach 2. I will gather all my equipment and make sure everything is prepared

  • Word count: 2461
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Geography
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