Physical development skills continue to develop at this stage, children grow steadily also at this stage but less rapidly during infancy. By the age of six a Childs head will be almost adult size, even though the body still has allot of growing to do. Children’s practical abilities continue to develop. Age eleven to thirteen puberty often starts for girls although some girls may develop earlier.
Bye the age of six, children can often use language as well as some adults., young children learn to make decisions based on what things look like rather than the logic of counting; for example they will say that there is more sweets in a line than a little pile even though there is the same amount of sweets in each. Their language skills become easier to understand, they say things properly. Children continue to develop their knowledge of words and ability to understand and use speech throughout childhood.
Emotional development skills start to develop at this point, they are in greater detail. They start to know and understand who their siblings are such as mum, dad, cousins, aunties and uncles. Children can describe their feelings by 12 years, children need to feel that they are valued be their friends and family. This sense of self forms a basis for an effective concept of self to develop during adolescence.
Social development- it is very important to be able to have the confidence at this age to be social with others. Children like to play alone at times but they will also make new friends to play with at home and school. As children develop they become more and more independent, that learn how to behave socially through the process of socialisation in the family.
Adolescence (12-18)
Physical development especially in girls change because they generally start puberty at about the age of twelve to thirteen or possibly even younger. But for boys it is about thirteen to fifteen years old. Both boys and girls may experience a growth spurt. Girl’s breasts enlarge when they are in puberty; also hair starts to grow in both boys and girls under the arms, the legs, pubic hair. Girls also start a cycle called menstruation this means that for about three to five days a month a woman will bleed.
By adolescence people can often imagine their future and how to achieve things in life. In adolescence you can understand most things that you get told of that is put in front of you. Although adolescents may reason in an adult way, many adolescents do not know enough to make good decisions. People learn new things during adulthood. Their intellectual needs should be high as they have been through school or college.
Emotional development is becoming independent from parents can involve conflict and stress. Adolescence can involve major emotional stresses as people go through rapid social and physical changes, some adolescents have a loss of self- esteem as they transfer from school to work. Becoming independent from parents can involve conflict and stress. The search for love and affection from a sexual partner may not be stress- free. During adolescence people have to work out a self- concept that will guide them through leaving home, perhaps setting up home with a sexual partner, and getting work.
Adolescents become increasingly independent of their family, and friendship groups can become more important than family for the development of social skills as they grow older. Between the ages of thirteen and eighteen, most adolescents will begin to explore relationships with others. The five years between thirteen and eighteen can involve major changes in social behaviour, as people learn to take on adult roles and adult independence. Some adolescents experience conflict with their parents during this period of change.
Adulthood (18 +)
Young adults are often at the peak of physical performance between eighteen and twenty eight years of age. Most champions of highly active sport are aged between sixteen and thirty years. Older adults generally tend to lose some strength and speed with age, although outside competitive sport these changes can be so gradual as to go unnoticed. Exercise is important at this age as it can help develop physical fitness and athletic skills. Women are most able to conceive children in their late teens and early twenties, the risk of miscarriages rises with age. Usually at the ages of forty five and fifty five woman stop being able to get pregnant because of menopause.
Intellectual development in older adulthood decrease during adulthood like their intellectual skills and abilities if they are exercised. Older adults may have slightly slower reaction times, but increased knowledge may compensate for this in many work situations. Older adults may be more skilled than adolescents and young adults when it comes to making complex decisions some adults may develop increased wisdom as they become older.
Emotional development as an individual’s sense of self-esteem will continue to develop throughout adulthood. Some individuals may prefer to live alone or may feel that partnership relationships are too demanding. A person’s previous family experience may strongly influence their expectations of a partner. Successful ageing means remaining emotionally involved with other people. Social development is often a time when people continue to develop their network of personal friends. Marriage and parenthood are important, social life events that are often associated with early adulthood. The pressure to obtain paid employment and hold down a job is also a major social issue for adults. When children leave home, some pressures may be taken off parents, but some may feel that they have lost part on their social purpose when children no longer need their support.
Later adulthood (65 +)
Physical changes in the over sixty fives usually involves some reduction in the efficiency in the body. There are a few physical changes in the older body: The heart, breathing and circulation become weaker, muscles may become weaker and skin becomes less elastic causing wrinkles. The muscles, skin, joints and bones in the body become less flexible and more brittle meaning people can become less active and more at risk of fracturing or breaking a bone in the body also can lead to arthritis.
Intellectual development- some people seem to become less able to solve problems and cope with difficult problems and changes later in life. Mental abilities are influenced by physical health, the more active you are, the more alert you are. The risk of developing dementia or Alzheimer’s disease seems to increase with age.
Some older people may be at risk of losing their self-confidence and self-esteem because of the way others treat them. Some elderly people suffer abuse of younger people this causes depuration and leads to being very hurt and afraid. Or they might be emotional due to their health.
Social development in older people lead varied and different lives, many retired people have a greater opportunity for meeting and making new friends than they did while they were working. A network or family and friends can provide vital practical and emotional support. Health problems and impairments can sometimes cause isolation.
Task 2
The celebrity I have chosen to write about is Sharon Osbourne, in the adolescence and adulthood stage. Sharon was born in Brixton/London and named Sharon Rachel levy. She was the daughter of the music promoter and rock and roll entrepreneur, don Arden. Sharon grew up around the music environment from an early age and new she wanted a carer to do with the music industry. I think this feeling would of come naturally for her as she got brought up with music and didn’t no anything else, also her farther was quite pushy so she would of got brought up getting forced into doing that kind of thing.
Her dad managed a group called black Sabbath and sacked oozy osbourne from the group who Sharon started dating at the age of 18, they went on to have 3 children later on in life Aimee, Kelly and jack. This would have been emotional for them both as having children is life changing. While Sharon was pregnant she went to visit her mother, while she was there her mothers dog attacked her causing physical injuries it was some time before her mum called the dog off this caused Sharon to loose a baby. She lost contact with her mother after that and also lost contact with her farther. Through adolescence Sharon suffered a lot as she was brought up with a lot of violence, drugs and alcohol, this was quite an upsetting time for her as she would watch her dad beat up her mother. When recalling her childhood memories she describes them as not being very good memories.
This had affects on her later on in life through adulthood as she also turned to drink. a lot of trouble and things she learned when she was younger come from her dad. Her dad robbed her and it was reported that he even tried to kill her, she later then revelled she didn’t have a great upbringing. Her intellectual needs were poor as she was learning things that she seen which she thought was normal behaviour for example, fighting and drinking. Sharon would of inherited his behaviour as she grew up with it. In adulthood Sharon married oozy but there marriage was plagued by alcohol, drug abuse and violence, the couple would fight regularly, even in front of there children. This could cause Sharon’s children to follow in her foot steps as they will think its ok to behave in that way, it would cause problems with emotional needs and social needs. Sharon later got told that she was suffering from colon cancer but with treatment she survived it, this would be nature as you don’t know when you are going to get ill.
The couple started a TV show on MTV called the osbournes a documentary of their life as a family. Sharon’s intellectual skills and carer grew as she was getting older as she did more TV shows and then got offered a place on the judging panel on the X Factor which she took but later left after an argument with one of the other judges. She is now a judge on Americas got talent. After doing research on Sharon and evaluating the situation I come to the conclusion that mostly through her childhood and adolescence she was suffering, unhappy with her family and partly through her marriage after what happened as she got hurt physically and emotionally, I also think that she had problems with her social needs as she became isolated due to drink and drugs. I have evaluated the situation and it seems like most of the events in her life were nurture, this is because in a way she inherited her behaviour from her dad and though the environments she was brought up in. some people could say it was nature because of the environments she put herself into and some of the people she got involved with.
After all these problems through her life she started to get back on track with her life. Her social life was going great, going out to clubs, parties mixing with other celebrities. This is the life Sharon wanted to have a loving family and going out having a good time. This is nurture.
Nature vs. nurture
The terms nature and nurture are said to be the roles heredity and environment in human development. nature is believed that a person development is based on what they are born with genetically. Nurture takes these genetic tendencies and moulds them as we learn and mature. Some scientists think that people behave as they do according to genetic predispositions or even "animal instincts." This is known as the nature theory of human behaviour. Other scientists believe that people think and behave in certain ways because they are taught to do so. This is known as the nurture theory of human behaviour.
Evaluation
Sharon Osborne’s childhood was set in a unhealthy environment were her parents were always fighting and her dad was always using drug substances, drinking and smoking. This would of affected Sharon’s physical growths as her lungs would be inhaling the smoke causing problems later on in life ( long term damage), also could lead to her suffering from illnesses such as asthma. This would be nurture as her farther drank and smoked in front of her causing her harm. This would also lead to Sharon thinking it was ok to do these kinds of things later on in life as she was brought up around it.
As Sharon grew up into adulthood similar things occurred in her life. She went of the rails for a while due to problems, for example drinking, smoking, drug abuse and fighting with her husband. This problem has passed from her childhood as she watched her farther do it she would think it was normal, this affected her social life a lot as she isolated herself from others. Sharon’s looks were inherited from her mother with good looks but she was unhappy with her life and looks so started having plastic surgery to make her feel better within her self.
Sharon felt unhappy with her life seeing her farther hit her mother and her farther been drugged up or drunk most days. This is nurture as she has emotions due to the environment she was living in.
Over all nature vs. nurture has big parts to play in Sharon Osborne’s life. From behaviour to looks. Everything in her life was passed on or learnt the old argument of nature vs. nurture has never really being known.
References
Class notes