malnutrition diseases plus vitamin functions in the body and sources
Melissa Burton National Diploma Health and Social Care Task 2 NutrientFunction in the bodyFoods containing the nutrientSimple CarbohydrateSimple carbohydrates release energy around the body they are also known as sugars, they exist in either a natural or refined formNatural formFruits and vegetablesRefined formBiscuits, cakes, pasties, chocolate, honey and jams, jellies, brown and white cane sugar, pizzas, soft drinks, sweets and snack bars, prepared foods and sauces.Complex CarbohydratesComplex carbohydrates also release energy around the body but they do it in a more sustained release than simple carbohydrates. They are also found in natural sources and refined in processed foods. Complex carbohydrates are also referred to as starch or starchy foods.Natural sourcesBananas, yams, beans, chickpeas, lentils, nuts, oats, wholemeal bread, cereals, rice and pasta. Refined formsPizzas, biscuits, cakes, white bread, flour, pasta, rice, sugary processed breakfast cereals.Lipids saturatedLipids are another name for Fat. It provides a source of concentrated energy and is needed for hormone metabolism, healthy skin and hair, tissue repair, protecting the internal organs and to prevent excessive loss of body heat. These types of fat raise cholesterol levels and increase your risk of many chronic diseases such as heart disease, stroke and certain cancers if eaten in large proportionsSaturated fat is mainly found in dairy and animal products such as: meat, butter, cream, cheese, eggs, lard, full fat milk, full fat yoghurt. Saturated fats are also found in hard margarines that are formed by the 'hydrogenation' of vegetable oils.Lipids unsaturatedUnsaturated fats contain essential fatty acids that cannot be manufactured by the body. This means you need to get them from food.They come from vegetable sources and are also found in oily fish, soft margarines, unsalted nuts, avocado, seeds pumpkin, sunflower and sesame. ProteinsProteins main job is to build cells and muscles. They also help to repair muscles when damages. Bones also get help from protein as they help to build and repair them too. Excess protein can be used to provide energy, 1g of protein provides 4kcal of energy.Proteins are found in meat, fish, poultry, dairy and eggs, bread and other cereal products.Vitamin AVitamin A is also known as retinol and has a number of important functions, it helps maintain the health of the skin and mucus lining, helps strengthen immunity from infections and helps vision in dim light.Vitamin A is found in cheese, eggs, oily fish (such as mackerel), milk, fortified margarine and yoghurt.Vitamin CVitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid. It helps to
protect cells and keep them healthy. It also helps the body absorb iron from food Vitamin C is found in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. Good sources are peppers, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, sweets potatoes, oranges and kiwi fruits.Vitamin DIt helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body, and calcium and phosphate are needed to help keep bones and teeth healthy. Vitamin D is not found in that many foods, but you can find it in oily fish, eggs, margarine, breakfast cereals, powdered milk, liver and liver products. We get most of our vitamin D from ...
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protect cells and keep them healthy. It also helps the body absorb iron from food Vitamin C is found in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables. Good sources are peppers, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, sweets potatoes, oranges and kiwi fruits.Vitamin DIt helps regulate the amount of calcium and phosphate in the body, and calcium and phosphate are needed to help keep bones and teeth healthy. Vitamin D is not found in that many foods, but you can find it in oily fish, eggs, margarine, breakfast cereals, powdered milk, liver and liver products. We get most of our vitamin D from sunlight on our skin.Vitamin EVitamin E has one main role which is to help protect cell membranes by acting as an antioxidant. Vitamin E is found in plant oils such as Soya, corn, olive oil, nuts, seeds, and wheat germ, which is found in cereal and cereal products. Vitamin KVitamin K is needed in the body as it is important for blood clotting which helps to heal wounds properly, there is also evidence that it is helpful for bone growth and strength. Vitamin K is found in green leafy vegetables such as broccoli and spinach, and in vegetable oils and cereals. Small amounts can also be found in meat such as pork, and dairy foods, such as cheese. As well as getting vitamin K from food, we also get it from our own bodies because it's produced by bacteria in our intestines. Vitamin B6Vitamin B6 also known as pyridoxine has mainly 2 functions in the body which are allowing the body to use and store energy from the carbohydrate and protein found in the foods we eat and it helps haemoglobin to form which carries oxygen around the body.Vitamin B6 is found in lots of different foods, pork, chicken, turkey, cod, bread, whole cereal such as oatmeal, eggs, vegetables, Soya, beans, peanuts, milk, potatoes and some fortified breakfast cereals. Vitamin B12Vitamin B12 helps to make the red blood cells in the body and keep the nervous system healthy, it also release energy from the food we eat and it is needed to process folic acid. Vitamin B12 is found in almost all meat products and certain algae such as seaweed. The best sources are meat, salmon, cod, milk, yeast extract and fortified breakfast cereals.IronEssential in the production of haemoglobin and myoglobin which carry oxygen in blood and muscles. It also helps white blood cells produce compounds necessary in fighting bacteria.Good sources of iron include liver, meat, beans, nuts, dried fruit, whole grains, fortified breakfast cereals, soybean flour and most dark green leafy vegetables. Some people think that spinach is a good source of iron, but spinach contains a substance that makes it harder for the body to absorb the iron from it. Similarly, tea and coffee also contain a substance that can bind with iron making it harder for the body to absorb it and so cutting down on tea and coffee could help to improve iron levels.CalciumCalcium has a number of important functions. For example it: helps build strong bones and teeth, regulates muscle contraction, including the heartbeat, makes sure blood clots normally, It's thought that calcium may help to lower high blood pressure and may help to protect against colon and breast cancer, although more evidence is needed to confirm this. You can get calcium from milk, cheese and other dairy foods, green leafy vegetables (such as broccoli, cabbage and okra, but not spinach), Soya beans, tofu, Soya drinks with added calcium, nuts, bread and anything made with fortified flour, and fish where you eat the bones, such as sardines and pilchards. MagnesiumMagnesium has a number of functions in the body, it helps turn the food we eat into energy. It also helps make sure the parathyroid glands work normally. The parathyroid glands produce hormones important for bone healthMagnesium is a mineral found in a wide variety of foods. The richest sources are green leafy vegetables (such as spinach) and nuts. Good sources include bread, fish, meat and dairy foods.SodiumUsed to regulate blood volume and blood pressure. Aids in the transmission of nerve impulses. Used to help regulate the acid/base balance in the body.Table saltSeleniumSelenium plays an important role in our immune system's function, in thyroid hormone metabolism and in reproduction. It is also part of the body's antioxidant defence system, preventing damage to cells and tissues. Selenium is a trace element found widely in the environment. Good food sources include brazil nuts, bread, fish, meat and eggs. PotassiumPotassium has many important functions. For example it: controls the balance of f fluids in the body may also help lower blood pressurePotassium is a mineral found in most types of food. Good sources of potassium include fruit (such as bananas), vegetables, pulses, nuts and seeds, milk, fish, shellfish, beef, chicken, turkey and bread. ZincZinc has a number of functions in the body, it helps to make new cells and enzymes. It also helps us to process the carbohydrate, fat and protein in the food we eat. Also it can help with the healing of wounds.Zinc is a trace element found widely in the environment. Good food sources of zinc include meat, shellfish, milk and dairy foods such as cheese, bread, and cereal products such as wheat germ. FibreThe main function of fibre is to keep the digestive system healthy and functioning properly it also gets rid of toxins from the body, preventing them from sitting in the intestine or bowel for too long, which could cause a build-up and lead to several diseases. There are two types of fibre, insoluble and soluble.Soluble fibreSoluble fibre is found in fruits, vegetables, lentils, peas, beans, oats, barley, oatmeal, potatoes, dried fruit, soya milk and soya products.Insoluble fibre Insoluble fibre can be found in foods such as bran, wholemeal flour and breads, brown rice, whole grain cereals, vegetables, edible peels of fruit, nuts and seeds.WaterWater has many jobs in the body, it protects vital organs and tissue, and It also lessens the burden on the kidneys and liver by flushing out waste products. Water also carries nutrients and oxygen to cells. Water, fruit K, Anorexia – Anorexia is also called anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder where people starve themselves. Anorexia usually begins in young people around the onset of puberty. Individuals suffering from anorexia have extreme weight loss. Weight loss is usually 15% below the person's normal body weight. People suffering from anorexia are very skinny but are convinced that they are overweight. Weight loss is obtained by many ways. Some of the common techniques used are excessive exercise, intake of laxatives and not eating. Anorexia causes many health problems due to malnutrition and the body not having enough energy to function. If you burn off more calories than you take, you start to eat away at your body and its muscles. More medical problems are - shrunken bones, mineral loss, low body temperature, irregular heartbeat, permanent failure of normal growth, development of osteoporosis, bulimia nervosa and missed periods. Some people say that a lack of iron in the body can cause anorexia as it causes a decrease in the appetite that can degenerate into anorexia, appetite disorders and inadequate iron nutrition. Also if you are anorexic you have deficiency of many other nutrients such as tyrosine, vitamin B1. Some doctors say one way to treat anorexia is to add extra iron into the diet as it increases the appetite and increases and doubles the rate of body mass increase if the people eat a healthy diet. Doctors also encourage people suffering from anorexia to eat there 5 portions of fruit and vegetable a day to get back well needed nutrients that there body will lack and they encourage to eat a balanced diet. Drinking plenty of water and maybe taking vitamins and minerals to boost the levels as they will be very low. If anorexics don’t change their habits of not eating or taking laxatives after a while of the body being starved of food and the basic nutrients it need to keep running the body will just shut down and ultimately cause death. The body cannot run on nothing it needs a minimum amount of nutrients to keep all vital organs healthy and working. Bulimia – Bulimia is also called bulimia nervosa it is a physiological disorder that affect the body as well. Bulimics binge eat (purging), eating loads fast food and snacks all at once. After that they find a way of weight control – vomiting, fasting, enemas, excessive use of laxatives or compulsive exercise. Binge eating is not a response to intense hunger but a response to depression, stress, or self esteem issues. The food that bulimics binge on is usually high in fat and sugars which is bad as it can cause heart problems. The cycle of over eating and purging is often a thing that is repeated over and over again. As a result of this the body takes massive strain, looses most of the energy given by the food and all the much needed nutrient the body needs to survive. Most bulimics look normal, they have a normal weight for there height, some may look overweight. Sufferers of bulimia eat huge quantities of food. Sometimes up to 20,000 calories at a time. The foods on which they binge tend to be foods labelled as "comfort foods" -- sweet foods, high in calories, or smooth, soft foods like ice cream, cake, and pastry. An individual may binge anywhere from twice a day to several times daily. Bulimia affects the body in many ways it causes burns all the way up your esophagus, eats the enamel off your teeth and could cause a ruptured blood vessel anywhere from your stomach on up. It also causes your body to consume itself for nutrition. It can damage any and all systems of your body. To overcome bulimia it is not just physical but mental as well. The body needs to be re-hydrated muscles and vital organs have been starved from all proper nutrients and water, taking vitamin and mineral supplements will also help to boost your body back to being healthy as well as eating a low fat balanced diet. Non insulin dependent diabetes – Non insulin dependent diabetes is also known as type 2 diabetes. It can be controlled by healthy diet, exercise, or medicines rather that insulin injections. Diabetes is a long-term condition where the body is unable to regulate the amount of glucose in the blood properly. Diabetes develops when the body no longer responds adequately to the natural hormone insulin, or when production of insulin is too low. A healthy diet is essential for people with type 2 diabetes. So called "diabetic foods" aren't necessary for a healthy diet; you just need to watch what you eat. This is the same as the normal, balanced diet that's recommended for good health - low in saturated fat, sugar and salt; high in fibre, vegetables and fruit. Carbohydrates should be spread throughout the day to prevent high blood sugar levels after a meal. Carbohydrates include starchy food such as pasta, potatoes, bread and cereals, and sugary foods including fruit, sweets and biscuits. It's important is to keep your weight under control. This will help keep your risk of getting cardiovascular disease to a minimum. If type 2 diabetes is poorly controlled, you have an increased risk of heart disease, stroke, nerve damage and blindness.