The principles underpinning the role of the practitioner working with children

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Amreen Mushtaq

Unit 2

Karmi

E1

From age 3-7 years children communication and language skills develop as they grew older. They start to ask questions and use large vocabulary. There will be some words that are to difficult for them to pronounce but they will still attempt it. They will start to communicate with other children and express their self in various ways. It will also be a long process for children at the age of 5-6 years because they will be learning new words and improving their skills.

 

 ‘This is a long process requiring considerable effort to decode simple words’ (Penny Tassoni 2007: P32)

Children aged 3-7 years are much calmer and like to socialise more. They enjoy playing with other children which are the same age as them. They start to share toys and take turns. Children start to enjoy listening to nursery rhymes and sometimes they sing along.

‘Most children will also have developed one or two close friendships, and although the odd squabble may break out they have usually learned how to do some simple negotiating.’ (Penny Tassoni 2007: P32)

At the age of 5-6 years children learn to read and write and also learn maths. Children’s emotions are very delicate, this is because they can get upset and frustrated over little things. They tend to be happy around other children the same age as them. They become excited quickly and they enjoy communicating.

E2-

Children aged 7-12 years communication and language skills develop as they grow up. When children read they are developing there language skills, because they are reading and learning new words and at the same time developing there language skills.

‘Cognitively, children’s development continues with reasoning and problem-solving skills becoming more sophisticated. Children are also likely to be component in areas that interest them such as sport, computers or drawing.’  (Penny Tassoni 2007: P33)

Reading for most children becomes easier and they don’t have to follow the words with their finger and read out loud.

Children aged 7-12 years tend to reason and this shows itself in the complexity of their play and mathematical ability.

As children grow older their social and emotion skills change. They start to have strong bonds with other children.

Children aged 7-12 years find friendship are main thing which can affect their emotions which can make them happy, sad and frustrated, which can lead them to throw angry tantrums. If they have fell out with their friends they will solve them in their own way. It can also make them feel upset.

 ‘This is a start of a process that will see young people confiding more in their friends than in their close family members.’  (Penny Tassoni 2007: P33)

E3

The 2 theorists I have chosen are John Bowlby and Burrhus Frederic Skinner. John Bowlby’s theory links to the area I have chosen which is social and emotional. John Bowlby’s theory says if the child is separated for long term from their mum or dad it can affect their social and emotional skills, due to not having a normal upbringing. Some children who have been separated from their parents may suffer from physiological problems later in their lives.  Babies and young children fears are instinctive babies start to fears strangers from the age of 8 months. Babies must form attachment to their main carers in the first 12 months because it can be later on in life it becomes harder for them to be around them which will make them think that their main carers are strangers, since they never had an attachment to them in the first 12 months. John Bowlby has also stated that having a secure attachment to the primary care giver is essential for positive future development. Maternal deprivation is the term used by Bowlby to describe the serious developmental impairment that is caused by being separated from the mother in infancy.

‘John Bowlby felt that babies had an instinctive need to form an attachment or bond with their mother. He suggested that babies who did not form this bond might otherwise find it difficult to form relationships in later life’. (Penny Tassoni: 2007 P576)

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Burrhus Frederic Skinner’s theory links to the other area I have chosen which is communication and language. Burrhus Frederic Skinner’s theory says there are different types of reinforcements. Communicating with a child in various ways are the best ways to get the best out of a child. Burrhus Frederic Skinner’s theory was about operant conditioning and implications for behaviour management. Skinner had 3 different reinforcements which are called; Positive reinforcement, Negative reinforcement and Punishments. A positive reinforcement is all about praising the child. This means rewarding them with sweets, stickers and treats but crucially adult attention. If you praise the child, they will think they done something ...

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