Immigration, emigration and migration
An Immigrant is a person who has citizenship in one country but who enters a different country to set up a permanent residence. Just entering another country does not make you an immigrant. In order to be an immigrant you must have citizenship in one country, and you must have gone to a different country with the specific intention of living there. Emigration is the act of moving out of a country. It is distinguished from Immigration that is the act of moving into a new country. Migration is the movement of people from one place to another. Migration can be international (movement between different countries) or internal (movement within a country, often from rural to urban areas). People emigrate to escape from wars, religion, political persecution/ stability, to marry, work and better education and standard of living. Since the 1930s, there has been more emigrations starting new lives in the UK than immigrates; there has been more people entering the country than leaving. Estimates of 185,000 more people have entered the UK than left.
Changes in life expectancy
In 2010, average life expectancy at birth across the UK, for both men and women, rose by another four months to 78.2 and 82.3 years respectively. At the same time, average life expectancy at age 65, for both men and women, rose by two months. Over the last 50 years life expectancy has improved due to better medicine and a huge range of material benefits. These range from the universal spread of decent housing and central heating, cheap and good quality food, child immunisation programmes and a general increase in the standard of living. Jobs requiring heavy lifting and risky manual work have been replaced for comfortable office jobs, leading to less diseases and longer lives. Men age 65 could expect to live another 17.6 years and a woman aged 65 another 20.2 years. 30 years ago more than a quarter of men died before they were 65.
M2- assess the impact of demographic changes within their home country.
Implications of an ageing population
The term ageing population relates to the elderly sector of a country’s population. Great Britain’s ageing population is increasing rapidly because of better health services and standards of living. This is bound to increase as the birth rates are increasing. The means that the overall population is growing. Ageing population is also having an effect in the UK on businesses and the government because of the increase of numbers. The percentage of elderly people (65 and over) have doubled to 17% in Britain within the last 50 years, and this figure will continue to rise to nearly 25% by 2040 (15million people). This becomes a problem because as people age they become more dependent on other for care. As many people live in till their 80’s 90’s in our days, many family’s cannot cope. This is the need for increase professional care provided within sheltered housing and retirements homes. Elderly people need more than just a home and food, they may have specific needs in terms of medical care, day centres, transport and leisure. People over 60’s are now outnumbering under 16’s for the first time ever. Services for the elderly are costly and include big financial responsibilities for the working population. Retirement pension has to be met at least partly from those who work taxes.
Implications of demographic changes
Demographic change is used to describe the study of changes in the size and structure of the population. Europe is experiencing demographic changes that will affect the whole society, now and even more in the future. The changes are due to the large increase of people over 60’s. In the census 2001 for the first time it showed there were more people over 60’s than under 16’s. The main result in this is because of the better health care available. Europe needs an increase of children because with so many old people not working and claiming pensions the tax will have to go up! The best way to increase the younger generation is to offer families higher benefits and cheaper housing. This will encourage people to have children, therefore the birth rates will increase and Europe’s economy will have a chance to grow leaving a better future for the next generation. I think the reason many people don’t have children is due to expensive housing and job stability. A positive to all this is that our health care has greatly improved therefore older people are more healthier and work longer, so don’t claim as much money on pensions.
P4- Explain how demographic changes within their home country.
Demographic data are the most recent statistics of a population. These types of data are used widely within sociology. Demographic trends describe the historical changes in demographic in a population over time. This information could come from places such as schools, hospitals, day care centres, nursing homes, and crèches and so on. They way they will assess the potential needs is by looking at things like birth and death rates. By reviewing these and finding out they are rising they will then need to arrange more qualified midwifes on the maternity wards as they are expecting more babies, also nursery’s and crèches to allow parents to go back to work while their children are being cared for effectively. The other thing statistics they will review is the amount of people immigrating into our country. They will then need to review the amount of housing available as there is more people coming into the country to live, also needing to review the amount of jobs available for them. By people immigrating into our country leaves people who live in the UK with less jobs also they will need to provide more staff on the health care board as more people are living in the country. If the information also provides life expectancy is rising they will need to look into proving more nursing homes as now people are tending to live longer, more bed within hospitals as they will have a bigger population of people. To help plan and target service they will assess the services that are less used and shut down places such as school which are not used or do not have enough children to allow it to run. They will also assess targets to provide more hospital beds. They also need to assess how effective the services that are in place are. They can also look at what the build of the service is like and if they service has had any complaints in the past. In order for the services to be effective they must be well used, have a good standard and not have any complaints. If the service is not effective there will be need for extra school.
by
jessicalagier (student)
