M3 Explain why whistleblowers and those whose practice or behaviour is being questioned should be protected.
M3 explain why whistleblowers and those whose practice or behaviour is being questioned should be protected Introduction Health and social care is regulated by organisations such as the Care Quality Commission, Health Care Professions Council and Ofsted. However, endless reports of poor care indicate that on its own formal regulation is not enough in preventing abuse from happening. Another form of regulation is known as irregular regulation and this predominantly refers to the practice of whistleblowing. Whistleblowing is where an employee makes a disclosure to either their employer or a regulatory body and in some cases a wider disclosure is made, for instance to the press. Whistleblowing has far reaching ramifications for both the person who is accused and the whistleblower. This essay explores these issues and explains why whistleblowers and those whose practice or behaviour is being questioned should be protected. Section Since the Jimmy Savile story broke in 2011, allegations of both current and historic child abuse seem never ending. When the Savile scandal first came to light many people asked why it had not been reported at the time and how it could had taken place in some of Britain’s most famous public institutions. Investigations into the Jimmy Savile scandal highlighted just how difficult it can be for staff and the victims to make a disclosure (BBC News,
D1 Analyse how cultural variations can influence communication
D1 Analyse how cultural variations can influence communication Good communication is essential to ensure optimum health care for people from different cultural backgrounds. Culture is something that we all have, so whilst some cultural beliefs and practices may seem strange to a white indigenous British person, then the opposite is likely to be true to a person from a different culture. Harris (1999) asserts that a culture is the socially learned ways of living found in human societies, and that it embraces all aspects of social life, including both thought and behaviour. Leinger (1991) described culture as ‘the learned, shared and transmitted values, beliefs, norms and lifeways of a particular group that guides their thinking, decisions and actions in patterned or certain ways (Burnard and Gill 2008). Culture is learned rather than innate and dynamic and constantly changing. The UK is becoming an increasingly diverse multicultural society and the different migration patterns throughout recent centuries have added to the dynamic nature of the British culture and society. It is estimated that there are at least 3 million people living in the UK where English is not their first language and the challenges that this poses for the NHS and other caring agencies are immense. At the heart of these challenges is the fostering of good communications where people from all cultural
Unit 8: Psychological Perspectives for Health and Social Care - P2, P3, M2 and D1
Unit 8: Assignment 2 P2 and P3 . Behaviourist approach The behaviourist approach can be very useful in health and social care, as this approach explains clearly about learned behaviours. Through this approach health professionals could look at and identify particular behaviour using the concept of associating (classical conditioning) or reinforcement or punishment (operant conditioning). In health and social care, systematic desensitization is used as a health aversion therapy for service users who are finding everyday aspect of their life impossible to cope with. For example a service user who has a phobia of going out may isolate and feel depressed and may not leave their house at all. In this case, health professionals could apply principles of classical conditioning in everyday life in a practical way. The most common method to change behaviour of phobia is by using the systematic desensitization. This method first involves creating a ‘hierarchy of fear’, a health professional may come up with list of aspects that is associated with fear the service user has. This classical conditioning procedure is there to help to achieve a state of relaxation for the service user. This is to help to replace the fear and anxiety of state to calm and relaxation. They could do this by showing least feared situation or object to the service user and they are encouraged to
Cultural differences in health and social care communication
Cultural differences in communication Communication variant Western culture Asian/Chinese culture How it affects health and social care situations First meeting It is proper to shake hands with everyone to whom you are introduced, both men and women. It is expected to shake hands on most social occasions. Chinese should be addressed with a title and their last name. Always acknowledge the most senior member of the group first. Both cultures find it polite to shake hands, so for example, if an English doctor in a hospital was meeting a new Chinese patient, they would shake hands and both would find it polite. This would be a more formal occasion so both people would address each other as Mr/Mrs/Dr. In a group meeting with a group of care workers from a day care centre for adults with learning disabilities, if the most senior member is Chinese and he/she Is not acknowledged first, he/she may feel offended, leading to awkwardness in the meeting. Questions It is important to respect the British desire for privacy. Don't ask personal questions. Expect to answer and be asked intrusive questions about personal life. When a Chinese teacher is having a one-to-one meeting at a school with an English parent of a child having problems in the school, the parent may be taken aback or surprised if the Chinese teacher started asking questions about his/her personal life, as this
Effective communication in health and social care
Communication Introduction to whole unit here. Communication: The imparting or exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium. (Oxforddictionaries.com, 2015) Interpersonal interaction is a communication process that involves the exchange of information, feelings and meaning by means of verbal and non-verbal messages, between two or more persons. (Ismail, 2014) Communication is the transfer of information between people. It involves a sender, who is sending a message, and a receiver, who is hearing or seeing a message. The way we transfer this information is by speech (verbal communication), signals such as sign language or picture boards (special communication) or writing (non-verbal communication). This may be the exchange of thoughts, messages, feelings etc. Communication involves verbal, non-verbal, and unspoken ways of making sure our message is heard. The unspoken ways include facial expressions, which are smaller signs of the larger message we are trying to get across. For example a smile can indicate approval, whereas a scowl could indicate disgust or disagreement. The process of communication can be made complicated by many things, such as language differences, cultural background, gender, education, special needs/disabilities etc. Communication is important as it plays a vital part in our survival. Our dependency on our ability to
Theories of communication - Communication cycle and SOLER
Gerald Egan’s SOLER theory Gerald Egan defines his SOLER theory as a part of his ‘skilled helper’ approach to counselling. It is a non-verbal listening process used in communication, and a key skill taught to counsellors as part of their training. http://www.howto.co.uk/img/sections/2110/f0041-01.png S: Sitting squarely to the person, preferably at a 5 O’clock position to avoid the possibility of staring. Sitting squarely to someone makes them feel like you are there with them and available to them. This is important as turning your body away from the person may lessen your degree of contact; however, it may be helpful to sit at a more angled position if sitting squarely to the person makes them feel threatened for any reason. O: Maintain an open position at all times. Crossing your arms or legs may appear as if you are being defensive to the other person, and is a sign of lessened involvement with the other person, whereas an open posture says that you are open and available to the other person and what they have to say. L: Leaning in towards the client every now and again tells them you are interested in what they have to say, leaning back can mean the opposite. However, leaning too far forward may be seen as placing a demand on the client, and they may feel intimidated. E: maintaining eye contact is another way of telling the person you are interested in them
Unit 10 Caring for Children and Young People P2, M1 & D1
uNIT 10: cARING FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE P2: oUTLINE THE ARRANGEMENTS FOR PROVIDING QUALITY CARE FOR LOOKED AFTER CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE The different types of provisions that provide care for children and young people are; foster care, adoption, temporary and permanent care, residential care and respite care. Foster care provides children and young people with a secure, safe and stable family environment where they are loved and cared for. Whilst in foster care the child/young person remains in education and have a team of professionals, ranging from social workers to school teachers, working with their foster carer to ensure the child’s health and emotional needs are being met. Foster care is usually short-term, however, it can result in the child being adopted into that family in some circumstances. Children can go into foster care at any age and some foster carers specialise in caring for children within specific age groups. Adoption is when a family make a looked after child/young person a permanent member of their family through a legal procedure. This could occur when both biological parents of the child have died or when parents decide that putting their child up for adoption at birth is in the best interests of both the child and themselves. Families that want to adopt go through lengthy vetting processes to ensure they are able to deal with aspect of
Unit 2: P4 P5. National Initiatives: promoting anti-discriminatory practice
National Initiatives: promoting anti-discriminatory practice Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) The NMC is a regulatory body for nurses and midwives, in order for them to be able to practise in the UK they must be registered with the NMC. This also requires them to meet standards and follow the code of conduct. The NMC promotes anti-discriminatory practice because if any nurse or midwife falls short of the code of conduct they are investigated by the council. The code of conduct was revised and improved recently to make it easier to understand and follow, making it more effective. The standards have pretty much stayed the same, however they have been summarised into four statements; prioritise people, practise effectively, preserve safety and promote professionalism and trust. Prioritise people means putting the care and safety of the patient first, they should be your main concern. This covers treating people with kindness, respect and compassion, delivering the basics of care effectively, avoiding making assumptions and recognising diversity and individual choice. Ensuring any treatment or assistance of care is delivered without delay and people’s human rights are upheld. This statement of the code of conduct and its standards promotes anti-discriminatory practice because upholding people’s human rights means challenging discriminatory practice when you see it,
Unit 10: Caring for Children D2: Justify responses where child maltreatment or abuse is suspected or confirmed, referring to current legislation and policies.
D2: Justify responses where child maltreatment or abuse is suspected or confirmed referring to current legislation and policies. The first step in responding to suspicion of child abuse is to investigate. This is supported by the Children Act 1989 which states that if there has been a reasonable cause to suspect a child is being maltreated or abused there is a duty to investigate. The Children Act 1989 was updated to the Children Act 2004 after the Victoria Climbie case and the recommendations made by Lord Laming in the inquiry held into her death, because the original Act was found not to be effective enough in protecting and safeguarding children. The first step of investigating needs to be supported by reasonable suspicion that come from disclosure. Disclosure is when someone, in this case a young person or child, feels that they trust you enough to tell you sensitive information. Direct disclosure is when a child tells you directly that they are being abused or neglected for instance; when a child tells her favourite teacher that she has a secret she isn’t supposed to tell anyone and then tells her teacher that her uncle makes her do things she doesn’t like to do. However, direct disclosures are rare and abuse is often identified or suspected through indirect disclosures. Indirect disclosures are when children communicate what they have experienced through their
Unit 10 Caring for Children and Young People P3 - Identifying abuse.
Working with young people and children: identifying abuse What is Abuse? Abuse is when someone is treated in a way that negatively impacts them emotionally, physically, sexually, mentally or intellectually. The five types of abuse are; neglect, physical, emotional, sexual and domestic violence. In this handbook for identifying abuse the physical indicators and the behavioural indicators will be explained. Some people are predisposed to abuse when they have also suffered abuse from someone else, somebody beaten by their parents is more likely, predisposed to beating their own children. This is a factor that should be taken into account when child abuse or maltreatment is suspected. Another factor that needs to be taken into account is whether the young person or child is being exploited. Are they being sexually exploited, are they being made to do unacceptable activities such as work? There are many ways in which a child can be exploited, and it is easier for those who will, to exploit a child because they are vulnerable. The long term consequences of a child suffering abuse or maltreatment of any kind is that they are more likely to carry it on into their adult life. Children who have suffered this need a lot of care and support to be able to live as healthy a life as normal, this care and support can come in the form of therapists, doctors, social workers, foster
