M1 - explain how the communication cycle may be used to communicate difficult, complex and sensitive issues

In this assignment I am going to explain how the communication cycle may be used to communicate difficult, complex and sensitive issues. In my first scenario I am going to explain how a nurse will tell a wife that her husband is terminally ill and may die. . Ideas occur - the nurse will think up a rough idea of what she is going to communicate to the wife and that she is going to be the one to tell her. The nurse thinks: what am I going to communicate? (I.e. the husband is terminally ill), why do I want to communicate this? (I.e. the wife needs to be notified that her husband lying in the hospital bed may die), who am I going to communicate with? (I.e. the wife of the husband), and what is the best way to communicate this? (I.e. verbal). The nurse also has to take into consideration the timing such as; when and where she needs to communicate with the wife about her husband's condition. This promotes effective communication. 2. Message coded - the nurse has organised her thoughts/ideas and knows exactly what she is going to communicate to the wife. The nurse needs to think about what tone of voice she should use because if she shouts at the wife then the wife may feel like the nurse isn't bothered about her husband (I.e. soft, comforting), body language (I.e. open, arms slightly folded, leaning forward) so that the nurse is showing that she cares. The nurse thinks: what

  • Word count: 1863
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Healthcare
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The Costs of Cigarette Smoking.

THE COSTS OF CIGARETTE SMOKING. BY SUKAINA BANDALI. Cigarette smoking causes a variety of life threatening diseases, including lung cancer, emphysema, and heart disease. In the UK about 120,000 people die each year due to smoking. A half of all smokers die from smoking related diseases.0 There are many ingredients in tobacco smoke which are harmful to our health in different ways.1 Some of the ingredients are tar, carbon monoxide, nicotine and other chemicals and additives such as ammonia, arsenic (a poison used in insecticides and weed killers), benzene, hydrogen cyanide and many other.2 Tar deposits on the lungs can cause lung diseases. Carbon monoxide and other chemicals reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood and plays a significant role in the development of smoking-related heart disease and damaged various parts of the body such as blood vessels.3* Nicotine causes blood vessels to constrict, raises blood pressure, increases heart rate and increases the hearts demand for oxygen and it stimulates then nervous system.4 This is the ingredient that leads people to become addicted to smoking.5 Smoking has harmful effects on all parts of our body. Smoking during pregnancy reduces the amount of oxygen that crosses the placenta to the baby and it also leads to an increased risk of miscarriages, premature births and sudden infant death syndromes (cot deaths).6

  • Word count: 1082
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Healthcare
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Mental Health

'Mistreatment and oppression is the common lot of people in our societies who are labelled as having emotional problems or acting irrationally. The threat of being called crazy is used in the oppression of every group in the population. The oppression of some people in the name of mental health functions as a threat to keep all people in line.' The above quote suggests that the experience of being diagnosed or labelled as having mental health problems, whether officially by professionals, or unofficially by lay people, family members and others with whom we have contact, is not only used as a means to explain a persons difficulties, but also as a means of control. In this instance that control is achieved through the widespread use of fear. That fear is founded on the stigma and discrimination that people with mental health problems experience on a daily basis and only works as a means of control if everyone in society is aware of the prejudicial treatment with which they themselves treat other people. This work will examine the control of persons labelled as 'crazy', historically, politically and socially. It will raise questions concerning definitions of mental health and ask whether such labels are being applied to people whose behaviour does not fit with the hegemonic standards of morality that exist in society at a particular point in time. We will also be

  • Word count: 4948
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Healthcare
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RECOGNISE THE EFFECTS OF BARRIERS AND INFLUENCES ON COMMUNICATION

RECOGNISE THE EFFECTS OF BARRIERS AND INFLUENCES ON COMMUNICATION What is self-esteem? Self esteem is your opinion of yourself. High self esteem is a good opinion of yourself and low self esteem is a bad opinion of yourself. It is very important because it affects how you think, act and can even affect how you act around and towards other people. It allows you to live life to your the full. Low self esteem means that you can have poor confidence and that can also cause negative thoughts which means that you are likely to give up easily rather than face any challenges that you may come across in day to day life. It has a direct impact on your happiness and well being. Environmental barrier An environmental barrier can depend on where the person is and what the environment is like around them; this could be from poor lighting, or if the lighting is too bright, it could be too noisy; this could be due to a lot of people around having many different conversations or if somebody is playing music in the building that is too loud, or it could be to quiet, it could be due to roadworks outside of the building that the person is in. The size and temperature of the room could also affect a person, if the room is too small then somebody could feel claustrophobic and if the room is too big then you could feel as if you have too much space around you. Another environmental factor could

  • Word count: 5332
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Healthcare
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Should Smoking Be Banned?

Should Smoking Be Banned? Should smoking be banned? In my opinion we should all take advice from the government of Singapore, where smoking in public is banned. Smokers are forced to use specially built rooms with huge extractor fans to stop the smoke getting out. If you still want to smoke, the people who clean the ashtrays in the smoke rooms wear latex gloves and dust guards to prevent them inhaling any smoke. Some may say this is a bit extreme, but I solemnly believe that if we want to bring an end to the increase of smokers then we have to start thinking in the same manner as the government of Singapore. Some people say "smokers must be mad" and in actual fact they are right. It has been proven through research that forty-four percent of smokers are mentally ill, but what is unknown is whether the condition was present before the person smoked or if smoking was a cause of their illness. Smoking has many effects on the body. In the most extreme, but common, cases people die from the effects of smoking on their bodies. They contract illness such as lung cancer and throat cancer and after battling these illnesses for long periods of time most people die. But everyone who smokes experiences the general decline in their health as a result of the drug. As well as effects on the body smoking also affects our life as some people refuse to be seen with a smoker, while others are

  • Word count: 988
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Healthcare
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Market Failure

MARKET FAILURE Merit goods are the physical commodities which either directly or indirectly provides for the satisfaction of human wants. Consumer goods (or final-demand goods) are those used for consumption purposes. They can be classified into non-durable goods (such as food) and durable goods (such as refrigerators). Producer goods are those used to produce other goods and services. These comprise intermediate goods (raw materials and semi-finished items) and fixed capital goods (buildings and equipment). Services are normally distinguished from goods by their intangible nature. They are normally consumed at the instant of their production, as in the case of a haircut. 'Bads' also exist; they have a negative value and an adverse effect on human satisfaction (for example, pollution). Public goods are those which, when consumed by one individual, are not depleted (for example, street lighting and national defence). Externalities are an activity or part of an activity which is not given a market price, but which nevertheless has either a negative or a positive effect on the welfare of others. Negative externalities may be generated by, or have an impact upon, consumers (somebody playing loud music which annoys a neighbour), or producers (a factory polluting a river which causes problems for a fish farm downstream), or a combination of both (aircraft noise keeping local

  • Word count: 564
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Healthcare
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Personal and Professional Development

P2 AT SCHOOL AT THE START OF THE COURSE NOW...AFTER STUDYING H AND SC KNOWLEDGE In school I did not study health and social care. The closest subject I studied to health and social care was Citizenship. I enjoyed this subject and wished to study further in something which was related to citizenship. The knowledge I had with care was very limited and I did not know much about it before I began to study health and social care. All I knew was that this course was designed for people who wish to work in the care sector and provide public services for people of all ages. So I knew that this might be the right course for me and I decided to try it out. At the beginning of the course I had only a brief description of what this course was about and the type of jobs and careers one can follow after the completion of the course. I knew this course was regarding social care for people from all age groups. I did not know how I would be taught as I had just left school and had expected to be taught the way I was at school. However, it was more difficult with homework constantly being given out and a lot of independent work had to be done. I was not very confident about my chosen course. I have started to really enjoy this course and I have learnt a lot of interesting and useful information. The topics I have studied so far are communications, the various life stages and caring for

  • Word count: 2606
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Healthcare
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P2: Describe the structure of the tissues of the body and their role in the functioning of two named body systems.

P3: Use diagrams with annotated (descriptive) notes to show the main organs and structures in the body systems named below The cardiovascular system: (upload.wikimedia.org) The cardiovascular is an organ system that carries food, nutrients, hormones metabolic wastes and gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the cells. It also helps stabilise body temperature and PH to sustain homeostasis. The cardiovascular system involves the heart and a closed system of vessels which are called the arteries, veins and capillaries. The blood in the cardiovascular system is pumped by the heart around a closed circuit of vessels. It then does this over again through a number of body circulations. The fundamental role of the cardiovascular system in sustaining homeostasis depends on the continuous controlled movement of the body through the capillaries that permeate each and every tissue and reach every cell in the body. The blood carries out its function of transportation in the microscopic capillaries. Materials which are essential i.e. nutrients travel from capillary blood into fluids that surround the cells as this is occurring waste products are removed. The respiratory system: (lakesidepress.com) The respiratory system supply's the blood with oxygen in order for the blood to deliver oxygen to all parts of the body which is done through breathing. When we breathe, we

  • Word count: 1638
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Healthcare
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P3- Describe the factors that may influence the equality of opportunities for individuals.

P3- Describe the factors that may influence the equality of opportunities for individuals. Discrimination Discrimination means to treat people some types of people less well than others. Direct discrimination Direct discrimination occurs when a person is treated less favorably than another in a comparable situation because of their racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation. An example of direct discrimination is a job advert, which says "no disabled people need apply. Indirect discrimination Indirect discrimination means that one person is treat exactly the same as another. An example of indirect discrimination is requiring all people who apply for a certain job to sit a test in a particular language, even though that language is not necessary for the job. The test might exclude more people who have a different mother tongue. Stereotyping An assumption using a fixed set of ideas. Prejudice Prejudice is to prejudge a person without examining the facts fairly. A person can be prejudge against a group of people because they are different. Age People are discriminate because of their age. For example elderly people are discriminate because everybody thing that elderly people are forgetful so this leads to lower self esteem and lack of confidence and don't want to go out and this also lead to lack of socialization so it is

  • Word count: 503
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Healthcare
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Analyse the issues which are essential to confidentiality and objective observation.

C1) Analyse the issues which are essential to confidentiality and objective observation. There are many issues which are essential to confidentiality and objective observations. Its important that you keep the observation accurate which means that it needs to be true and not made up, according to Beith and Tassoni "Keeping records and carrying out observations on children allow early years practitioners to pass accurate information on to parents. It means that parents can be kept informed of a child's progress which shows them that their child is being seen as an individual and that the staff really know and understand their child" (Beith and Tassoni (2002, page 16+17) this is important as the observation shows the child's development stage, each observation shows how much the child has improved so it is important that you record every exactly as this would affect the stage the child is actually at. It's also important that you remember the rights of the children and primary carers while doing any observation, according to Beith and Tassoni "It is important for anyone carrying out observations to remember that observations should be carried out only in the child's best interest. This means that it is unethical to set up situations that might cause the child or his/her parents distress and that all information gained during the observation and subsequent evaluation should be

  • Word count: 961
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: Healthcare
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