Chamberlain's policy of appeasement against Germany

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After World War I Germany limped back, licking its wounds that the Treaty of Versailles had so mercilessly rubbed in salt. As one looks back on the events leading up to World War II it has to be asked whether France and England helped to start World War II by their actions at Versailles.  It seems that the revenge that the Allies took at the Treaty came back to haunt them with the aggression of Hitler in 1936.  However, we can not blame Neville Chamberlain for something with which he had no part. Chamberlain’s actions in the years 1936 to 1939 are enough to help one appreciate the dilemma he found himself in. Chamberlain did not, in the beginning, realise exactly what Hitler was after. Hitler was after vengeance for Germany because of the Treaty of Versailles, but Chamberlain did not realise that Hitler was after domination of Europe. When confronted about Germany’s plan to attack Czechoslovakia Chamberlain responded, "I think it would be wrong to assume that the German government has any intention of doing such."  The eyes of the world were on Chamberlain’s every move, criticising, praising, and waiting. With the pressure of the world on his shoulders Chamberlain proceeded cautiously not wanting the tensions to explode.  Historically, Britain had followed a foreign policy of appeasement and not getting involved with the rest of Europe.  Thus the word "appeasement" applies to the policy pursued in the entire inter-war period to avert war.  In the 1920s, Britain appeased Weimar Germany with the aim of achieving justice, and paid the price of reducing reparations and treating Germany as an equal.  In the 1930s Britain appeased Hitler's Germany with the aim of security and paying the price of turning a blind eye to Germany's ambitions.   This essay shall offer analysis on Chamberlain's personal reasons to follow appeasement, the reasons on behalf of Britain and the reasons due to the views of the British public.  A description of the course of appeasement will be given, and arguments for and against Chamberlain's use of appeasement against Hitler will be given.  Thus the question "why did the British government follow a policy of appeasement in the 1930s" will be determined and evidence will be given as to whether or not this policy was effective in achieving its aim.

        After World War I, Britain wanted a purged Germany to take her place among European nations once again.  Many of the British ruling class preferred the Germans to the French.  The British treated Hitler as a responsible statesman who would keep his bargains.  He was in a responsible position and had to be treated like a head of state.  Britain and the League of Nations believed that if Hitler was given enough surrounding territory and some colonies there was a point at which he would become reasonable, and war would be averted.  It was commonly felt that Germany had been harshly treated at Versailles and so was entitled to take back what theoretically would be returned in negotiation in any case.

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        In May 1937, Neville Chamberlain became Prime Minister.  He saw Britain's role as that of the peacemaker - the only hope if war was to be avoided in Europe, as the USA was not willing to be involved and France was no help.  Britain was isolated so there was no strong ally to help her deal with Hitler.  She even tried to make friendship with Mussolini in 1937. Chamberlain distrusted Stalin and Communism.  Only in 1939 did he try to reach an understanding with Stalin, and many historians think that even then it was an insincere attempt on both ...

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