How successful was labours' nationalisation programme 1945 - 1951?

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Jasmin Hillerby

How Successful was Labour's Nationalisation programme 1945-51?

The post-war Labour government was the first to have have a majority and was therefore able to carry out the long cherished aim of clause IV of the Party's constitution; mainly widespread nationalisation. Among the areas this essay will consider are the nationalisation of electricity and gas, steps towards a more socialist society, and the cost of the programme. It will be argued that nationalisation had mixed success in that it was successful in some respects, however, it failed to provide what Labour had envisaged in others.

Labour's nationalisation policy was greatly welcomed by the British public at first, Six years of total war had left widespread support for State planning, ownership and control. A way in which it was a success was that there was very little opposition to the nationalisation of industries such as coal and the railways, even by conservatives. The government took 20% of enterprises into public ownership, which included 10% of the workforce. Nationalisation brought about a more socialist Britain, not all industry was run for private gain. Moreover, when the conservatives came back into government in 1951, they only reversed the nationalisation of road transport and steel, the rest they left nationalised. However, it can be said that the degree of change was not revolutionary. Most of the industries nationalised after 1945 had a long history of State involvement and control especially coal, railways and the Bank of England. Furthermore, the pace of nationalisation slowed greatly after 1947 and belief in the planned economy diminished. Socialism wasn't pursued aggressively and most industry remained private.

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Nationalisation was largely successful in electricity with improvements in the quantity and quality of electricity supplied. There was also large success in the gas industry as there were massive improvements that made up for where it had previously lacked far behind electricity. There was also a growth in civil aviation and in cable and wireless communications; electrification extended to more remote parts of the country. However, the expansion of both the electric industry and the gas industry threw them into competition with each other. A great success of Labour's nationalisation programme of 1945-51 was the increase and expansion of ...

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