Shareware – Shareware is a marketing method for commercial software, whereby a trial version is distributed in advance and without payment, as is common for proprietary software (so basically is "try before you buy" software.). Shareware software is obtained free of charge, so people can either getting it by downloading from the Internet or on magazine cover-disks. The software which let users can tries it before they buy are also been known as demoware and trialware. But most of the software's license will expire on limit of 30day or not contain all the function of the software should have. The reason of that is the companies who develop the software want people to purchase the software so it make sure the company is making profit from it. All the shareware program is has a request for payment, and payment is often occurs once a set period of time after installation to computer.
Shareware can separate into 2 different kind of version which is trial version and full version. Trial version is “try before buy” so it only has the basic function of software, if people would like the full function of software, they need to register or purchase it. However the full version of software is different, because it contains all the function the software should have. But most of time is has a limit of time to using it or people is not able to update it through Internet. (eg. Antivirus)
In summary:
- Shareware is a method of distributing software.
- Shareware can download and evaluate a shareware program before buying it.
- The shareware trial period is usually limited to 30-60 days, after which time users must make a decision to either purchase the software or uninstall the software from PC.
- If users register (purchase) the program, users will often receive a password key to remove shareware "nag" screens or users will be mailed a diskette/CD.
General Public License - The licenses for most software are designed to take away user freedom to share and change it. But the General Public License is intended to guarantee user freedom to share the program to people (and charge for this service if you wish) and user can get the source code from internet. So user can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs. This General Public License is also applies to most of the Free Software.
The operating system which is containing this General Public License is Linux. Linux is protecting users rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer user the license which gives user legal permission to copy or distribute and even is modify the software by itself.
Virus Protection Update
Client-server model
The most common method by which files are transferred on the Internet is the client-server model. A central server sends the entire file to each client that requests it -- this is how both http and ftp work. The clients only speak to the server, and never to each other. The main advantages of this method are that it's simple to set up, and the files are usually always available since the servers tend to be dedicated to the task of serving, and are always on and connected to the Internet. However, this model has a significant problem with files that are large or very popular, or both. Namely, it takes a great deal of bandwidth and server resources to distribute such a file, since the server must transmit the entire file to each client. Perhaps you may have tried to download a demo of a new game just released, or CD images of a new Linux distribution, and found that all the servers report "too many users," or there is a long queue that you have to wait through. The concept of mirrors partially addresses this shortcoming by distributing the load across multiple servers. But it requires a lot of coordination and effort to set up an efficient network of mirrors, and it's usually only feasible for the busiest of sites.
Peer to peer
The peer-to-peer network is another method of transferring files has become popular recently. The software is using peer to peer method is such as Kazaa, eDonkey, Limewire, Bitcomet or abc torrent etc. In most of these networks, ordinary Internet users trade files by directly connecting one-to-one.
The advantage here is that files can be shared without having access to a proper server and because of this there is little accountability for the contents of the files. Hence, these networks tend to be very popular for illicit files such as music, movies, pirated software, etc. Typically, a downloader receives a file from a single source, however the newest version of some clients allow downloading a single file from multiple sources for higher speeds.
The problem discussed above of popular downloads is somewhat mitigated, because there's a greater chance that a popular file will be offered by a number of peers. The breadth of files available tends to be fairly good, though download speeds for obscure files tend to be low. Another common problem sometimes associated with these systems is the significant protocol overhead for passing search queries amongst the peers, and the number of peers that one can reach is often limited as a result. Partially downloaded files are usually not available to other peers, although some newer clients may offer this functionality. Availability is generally dependent on the goodwill of the users, to the extent that some of these networks have tried to enforce rules or restrictions regarding send/receive ratios.
I want to talk about the BitComet software. BitComet is a p2p file-sharing freeware fully compatible with BitTorrent, which is one of the most popular p2p protocol designed for high-speed distribution of 100MB or GB sized files. BitComet is a powerful, clean, fast, and easy-to-use BitTorrent client. It supports simultaneous downloads, download queue, selected downloads in torrent package, fast-resume, chatting, disk cache, speed limits, port mapping, proxy, ip-filter, etc.
Resources come from
What is BitTorrent? BitTorrent is a protocol designed for transferring files. It is peer-to-peer in nature, as users connect to each other directly to send and receive portions of the file. However, there is a central server (called a tracker) which coordinates the action of all such peers. The tracker only manages connections, it does not have any knowledge of the contents of the files being distributed, and therefore a large number of users can be supported with relatively limited tracker bandwidth. The key philosophy of BitTorrent is that users should upload (transmit outbound) at the same time they are downloading (receiving inbound.) In this manner, network bandwidth is utilized as efficiently as possible. BitTorrent is designed to work better as the number of people interested in a certain file increases, in contrast to other file transfer protocols.
During versions 0.59 to 0.60, BitComet has introduce the new technology call DHT (Distributed hash tables - In particular, they took advantage of increased bandwidth and hard disk capacity to provide a file sharing service). It can help the downloader complete download the file because it can connect peers without the need of a tracker. The reason of this is BitComet's implementation did not respect the 'private' flag of a torrent. But these in turn allowed users that hadn't signed up to private trackers for download and upload ratio restrictions.
The advantage of Bitcomet
- It allow people sharing file through the internet
- The files of the download can certainly complete if there has 100% seeders
The disadvantage of Bitcomet
- Sometime people will download the illegal copy of files (eg. Music, software or movies)
- If the is no seed, people would not able to download the files
- It take time to download a big files
Here is peer to peer software called Kazaa. Kazaa is owned by Australian company Sharman Networks. It is commonly used to exchange MP3 music files over the Internet. However it also can tranfer another files such as software, movies or videos. The official Kazaa client can be downloaded free of charge and is financed by bundled adware and Spyware (despite the "No Spyware" claims found on Kazaa's website).
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How does Kazaa work? Kazaa uses peer-to-peer technology. This means that individual users connect to each other directly, without need for a central point of management.
A user downloads and installs Kazaa and it will automatically connect to other Kazaa users. For example Peter downloads Kazaa and installs it onto his computer and Mary also has Kazaa installed on her computer. Peter uses Kazaa to search for a file he is looking for. Kazaa finds the file on Mary’s computer. Peter can now download the file directly from Mary.
Above is the Kazaa software look like.
The Kazaa software allows users to:
- It let users search and download content that is shared by other Kazaa users.
- ‘Kreate’ files and distribute them using Kazaa by placing them in their shared folder.
The peer-to-peer searches occur through users with fast connections, called Supernodes. Once located, the file is sourced for downloading directly from the user who has it.
Sharman Networks is emphasizing the users about the importance of users carefully choosing the files which they want to share on the internet. They are clearly state that users should not share files which contain the personal detail. eg. Financial information, or which files against the copyright law.
The advantage of Kazaa
- People can easily select the files they want to shared
- Users can search the files to download fast and easy
The disadvantage of Kazza
- The files has download might contain virus
- Kazaa software is contain Adware and Spyware
Drivers
A device driver or a software driver is a specific type of computer software, which developed to allow interaction with hardware devices. This usually constitutes an interface for communicating with the device, through the specific computer bus or communications subsystem that the hardware is connected to, providing commands to and/or receiving data from the device, and on the other end, the requisite interfaces to the operating system and software applications. So it basically is a program which let you “communication” with the hard drive, and tells them what to do.
Every time people install the new hard drive into computer, people might need to install the CD which comes with it. Because the computer might don’t have the new manufacture driver information, so the CD is just like install a new language to let you communicate with the hard drive you has installed to your pc.
However sometimes people would loss the CD or reboot the computer, so they has loss the program to make the hard drive work, so they need to find and download it through internet. Then install it to computer. Here is a useful website to help people has this problem, it was call http://www.driverguide.com/. It offers a huge searchable archive of hundreds of thousands of driver/firmware files, manufacturer information, and links to help people find their drivers.
People can also download entertainments from Internet. Eg Music, Movies, Films, and Games. There are some website is available people to download music and put into their Ipod, so it let them able to listen music in anyway they like.
Current scope and Limitation in download service
in France is 26mb japan is 40mb but in uk Many people still using 2MB line
Too slow
Downloading is mainly use by age group 10 to 30 mainly is male
Most people in age 40 never touch about this information age because they don’t use internet this in their life
You cant use interent more than 10min because ur computer will get virus
The main benefit of downloading is that online prices are generally cheaper than purchasing from a shop.
The drawbacks are that you don’t always get the file you think you have downloaded and you may download a virus instead of the file. If users have a slow connection then the file download could take a long time. People would possible download the illegal music/film/software from Internet and that also lead the no people would buy the original music/film/software.
Conclusion
The internet is a world wide resource for information, by the year and year, amount of users increasing. The Internet could only grow large and large. So the new Internet services would appear all the time.
However, there are many benefits from the internet, but there are also same amount of drawbacks.
Download service can help people update their computer at home, and download the school work via e-mail. But there are many people using the peer to peer technology to download the illegal music or movies through Internet, it cause many company who selling music CD or DVD losing profit, so this is a drawback of download service.
The internet is the world’s greatest resource, all the information in the Internet can be spread easily in short period of time and it also same to the problems such as new viruses. Over the last 10 years the Internet has been a major contributor to the revolution we have witnessed in new Technologies. It also becomes part of our life, without it we go back to the “Stone Age”, because we need to use pen and paper to do all the work out.
