Artificial Intelligence.

Define what is meant by the term Artificial Intelligence Artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that deals with the creation of computer programs that can provide solutions that otherwise humans would have to solve. On a broader spectrum artificial intelligence attempts to imitate human behavior and intelligence to generate these computer programs. However artificial intelligence is the youngest of studies, and is evolving every day. The ultimate aim of artificial intelligence and its study is to imitate and/or duplicate intelligence of humans in computers and robots. Artificial Intelligence improves productivity, personnel upgrading, new training and to aid in the solving of difficult problems. With the aid of a suitable diagram, illustrate the branches of A.I and define where Expert Systems reside within it. [http://distancelearning.ksi.edu/demo/509/ch01a.html] The diagram above illustrates the seven (7) areas that Artificial Intelligence is comprised of. Of course with the speed of progression of such a complex study such as Artificial Intelligence these areas are rapidly growing however they are more commonly defined in to one of these seven 'branches'. "AI has many areas of interest. The area of expert systems is a very successful approximate solution to the classic AI problem of programming intelligence."

  • Word count: 3446
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: ICT
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High-context vs. Low-context Culture

With the quick development of globalization, different countries in the world become increasingly related to each other in many fields including culture. Nowadays people have more chances to communicate with other people coming from different countries thus intercultural communication has been quite frequent and common. With regard to communication, one of the most important components is context and cultures can be divided into high-context cultures and low-context cultures (Hall cited in Singh, Zhao and Hu 2005:135). As Jandt (2004:61) mentioned, when people from high-context cultures and low-context cultures meet, they are very likely to encounter problems since different cultures may affect understandings of communication in different ways. The aim of this essay is to compare high-context cultures with low-context cultures and illustrate how each type of culture react in situations involving language, time, personal space, and interpersonal relationships. It will also examine the problems occurring in the process of communication between these two cultures and try to provide the ways of overcoming the difficulties. Context can be defined as "the environment in which the communication takes places and which helps to define the communication" (Jandt 2004: 33). The theory of high-context and low-context cultures was firstly put forward by Dr. Edward Hall in 1976 (Jandt

  • Word count: 2095
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: ICT
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Opportunities For IS Improvements - After the visit to the Recycling Consortium we managed to identify several opportunities for improvements in their Information Systems.

Opportunities For IS Improvements After the visit to the Recycling Consortium we managed to identify several opportunities for improvements in their Information Systems. ) Remote Access/Teleworking - Many of staff often conducted a lot of their work at home rather than in the office. This worked well as it saved on office space and it seems pointless going into the office to do the work when it can just as easily be done at home especially when some of the staff do not live in the nearer enough to the office to make it feasible for them to travel there on a daily basis. The problem is however that working from home meant it was difficult to get up to date copies of certain documents. Staff would find themselves coming into the office just to get a copy then go home to work on it. Sometimes emailing the documents would work for staff with Internet access in the home but this is not practical for larger files such as picture documents. Another problem was that even when the documents could be accessed at home with ease there is no knowing if someone else is also working on them. When this happens they end up with two copies of a document and would somehow have to put them together. The possible solutions to this problem are to set up a Remote Access Server (RAS) so the teleworkers can have access to the office network from home through a dial up server. Another solution is

  • Word count: 1176
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: ICT
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ICT Systems in Organisations - Broadoak Community School.

ICT Systems in Organisations - Broadoak Community School This report is going to be based on the ICT system in Broadoak Community School. It will include the main hardware and software components that we use, the networks and connections and an analysis of the hardware, software and the system's efficiency. HARDWARE The physical, touchable, material parts of a computer or other system. The term is used to distinguish these fixed parts of a system from the more changeable software or data components, which it executes, stores, or carries. Computer hardware typically consists chiefly of electronic devices (CPU, memory, display) with some electromechanical parts (keyboard, printer, disk drives, tape drives, loudspeakers) for input, output, and storage, though completely non-electronic (mechanical, electromechanical, hydraulic, biological) computers have also been conceived of and built. [Definition according to Dictionary.com] Hardware can be divided into three categories, Input, Output and Process. Input hardware is defined as an object used to enter information into a computer such as keyboards and scanners. Output hardware is defined as an object used to extract information from a computer such as printers and monitors. Process hardware is the objects that process the information inside the CPU such as processors. The school uses many types of hardware including: ?

  • Word count: 1908
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: ICT
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Use of a database to record information on Mercedes-Benz S-Classes bought from a Mercedes-Benz showroom.

Analysis User Requirements I am going to use a database to record information on Mercedes-Benz S-Classes bought from a Mercedes-Benz showroom. The staff and manager in the showroom will use the database. They will get all the latest information on available cars. Data Needed I will need to know all the different model types of Mercedes-Benz S-Class, which will go on our first database. Details on the customers who purchase Mercedes-Benz S-Classes from us will be put in our second database. Customer details will be taken as Mercedes-Benz S-Classes are expensive cars and theft risks cannot be taken. There will be another table for sales details incase anyone chooses to buy more than one car. The fields that will be covered in my database are model, short wheel base price, long wheel price, max power, max torque, Acceleration, max speed, fuel consumption, colour, optional extra's, registration number, surname, first name, address, post code, telephone number, customer ID, account name, card number, sort code, valid from, expires in, monthly instalment. Where will I get my data? I will use the Mercedes-Benz British website, http://www.mercedes-benz.co.uk/ I will also use car magazines if the information needed is not on the Internet. Data processing required? I will use Microsoft Access for presenting my data and store data and Microsoft Word to write reports about data

  • Word count: 1158
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: ICT
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According to Weber, what makes bureaucracies efficient? Do you agree?

According to Weber, what makes bureaucracies efficient? Do you agree? Introduction This essay set out to understand what, according to Weber makes bureaucracies efficient. To understand the efficiencies of Weber's bureaucracy, we have to understand why bureaucracies have formed and how they have formed. Furthermore, we have to understand their inherent characteristics which creates efficiencies and how this has caused by rationalisation. I will then look at the different types of rationalisation and understand which type of rationalisation Weber was referring to in the construction of the rational bureaucracy. Their characteristics have then to be analysed and thus understood how these efficiencies work and whilst analysing these characteristics, we have to see if there are any irrationalities or inefficiencies which can arise out of what Weber views as efficient. With this, I will then look at argument against Weber's Ideal Type of bureaucracy, and why some sociologists do not believe that Weber's bureaucracy is efficient. Thus, by looking at both arguments, I would be able to drawn a personal conclusion. Types of Bureaucracy and their Functions Bureaucracies form, according to Weber, primarily because there are pressures by the capitalist market economy which demands that administration either private or public "be discharged precisely, unambiguously, continuously

  • Word count: 2318
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: ICT
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This research report will present a brief history of the Internet, focusing on some of the milestones in the development of such a fundamental international computer network system.

A Brief History of the Internet Introduction This research report will present a brief history of the Internet, focusing on some of the milestones in the development of such a fundamental international computer network system. In order to convey thorough understanding each milestone will be discussed in significant detail, thus expressing an in depth study allowing one to develop a thorough comprehension of the growth, use and possible future developments of the Internet. When it comes to technology, all we want is more. We want it faster, we want it accessible, and we want it now. It's a trend that has always existed, and will continue existing while there is pressure from the population. Since the creation of the Internet in 1969, the Internet has rapidly developed and nowadays for most the Internet is a crucial tool for daily life. The Internet has changed the way we communicate with others due to social networking sites such as Twitter. The Internet has changed the way we express ourselves with the likes of anonymous video commenting to personal online blogging. The Internet has changed the way we advertise business and sell products through the expansion of e-Commerce. The Internet has changed the way we deliver news with many current political and foreign affairs easily accessible nowadays public outrage is exacerbated, e.g. the US 'murder' of Osama Bin Laden (May

  • Word count: 4311
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: ICT
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This essay will identify and discuss critically the range of barriers to effective interpersonal communications, with possible steps to address them.

This essay will identify and discuss critically the range of barriers to effective interpersonal communications, with possible steps to address them. These will look at cultural, personal and environmental issues. The role of available support services that are accessible to individuals, with the restrictions on available services will be evaluated. The effectiveness with which the skills of communication are given and received will also be evaluated. There are many barriers to communications between a vast range of people and cultures. Barriers to communications, because of cultural differences, can arise because of the lack of understanding between each culture, this could cause a clash between people. For example in some African languages there are no words for "sorry," which could make people from other cultures think the Africans rude. Cultural differences can be difficult when there is not respect between cultures. If a religion such as the Sikhs religion requires that they must wear their turbans at all times, this must be respected even if in a sterile situation. For example, a patient in hospital will wish to observe their religion even whilst having surgery. Staff supporting these individuals must be made aware of religious differences and how to treat them to show the dignity and respect that each person is entitled to. On the job training should be

  • Word count: 1348
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: ICT
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Barriers to Effective Communication Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages between two or more people; this is something that we do all the time. It is important that nurses recognise that communication is the key to good holis...

Barriers to Effective Communication Communication is the process of sending and receiving messages between two or more people; this is something that we do all the time. It is important that nurses recognise that communication is the key to good holistic care, as patients need reassurance and information regarding their care. Communication is so much more than just talking to one another. It is how people respond to each other in many different ways (Langs 1983). Some examples of communication are talking, writing, signing, reading and body language, which is suggested, has several elements (Dimbleby and Burton 1992). Communication can be very effective but first it needs to be established, and then maintained. Nurses can do this during an assessment when a patient/client comes into hospital. However, it is argued that barriers to communication can prevent appropriate and effective care being given to patients. Communication can either facilitate the development of a therapeutic relationship or create barriers (Stuart and Sundeen 1995). Because of their diverse nature, communication disorders are difficult to classify (Crystal, 1980). You can discover problems simply by observing an individual. Observation can be used to establish which language is being used, if the client has any hearing difficulties or visual impairments, physical illness or disability, or if

  • Word count: 2108
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: ICT
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User Guide to my minibus hire database.

User Guide Locating and opening the Database On the desktop there is an access database file called "Minster Minibus hire: Double click this file and it will launch the Minster Minibus hire database. Once the database loads, a splash screen will appear with the message "Hello, Welcome to minster minibus hire!" click on "OK" button. How to Log in Once you have clicked "OK" button, you will then be taken to the Log in screen: To log in: - Click on the box beside username and type in your username - Click on the box beside password and type in your password - Click on the "Login" Once you have done this, a splash screen with the message "welcome to work" will appear, click "OK" to continue; If an incorrect username or password is entered, then the user will be prompted with the splash screen message "invalid username or password, please try again" and will be taken back to the login screen, this will prevent any unauthorised users accessing the database: How to navigate the User Interface Once you have successfully logged in, you will then be taken to the home screen user interface: On the user interface there are 4 actions which can be taken by clicking the control button: - Clicking the "Open Minibuses form" button will close the home screen and open the Minibuses form. - Clicking the "Open Customer form" button will close the home screen and open the Customers

  • Word count: 3216
  • Level: AS and A Level
  • Subject: ICT
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