Unit 1 business at Work How ICT is used within the Organisation
Unit 1 business at Work How ICT is used within the Organisation ICT is used in all businesses nowadays with more and more new and improved types of ICT be introduced all the time. ICT is a benefit to a business as they will not have to do everything manually. ICT has revolutionised businesses abilities to store, retrieve and send data to any user. The communication network in a business is concerned with the movement of data between one part of an organisation and another. ICT is used in all parts of the workforce within Sainsbury's with the most recognisable being that off the EPOS or checkouts. All functions of the business will have different types of ICT being used in different ways. ICT has improved the workplace greatly as now everything can be done automatically for example when a product is scanned at the EPOS this information is sent from the checkout to a computer in the main office telling the computer that one of these products has been sold. This will speed up the process of ordering goods greatly. Throughout this assignment I shall be discussing different types of ICT throughout the business and how it affects the business. Internal Methods of Communication Using ICT Internal communication is communication that takes place within the business. Before continuing with internal methods of communication I shall give a brief description of the two forms of
Review articles that take a complex approach to new organisational structures and proposed several argumentations.
INTRODUCTION Since few years, Complexity theories have been playing a very important role in the studies of organisations. According to complexity researchers, all organisations are complex adaptive systems that continuously self organise and co-evolve (Ashmos et al's - 2002). Instead of being rigid and closed, organisations are now rather seen as flexible, adaptive and opened. These systems have to organise, develop and compete by managing the environment, which changes always faster and is unpredictable. Complexity science is another way to explain organisations, because this science is linked with organisational studies by dynamical concepts that give right to order and structure in open systems. Metaphors drawn from the language of complexity science permit to attempt these directly onto management practice (Fuller et al's - 2001). Moreover, in order to explain and analyse the several frameworks which form and define the organisation, both academics and practitioners have embraced the McKinsey "7-s" model (1980), that aligns strategy, structure, system -the hard S's- and style, skill, staff and shared value - the soft S's -, because it is well-recognised that purposeful, efficient organisational action can not be taken if these factors are not aligned. All these components are part of the organisation and are all connected in order to make live the system. This paper
Formal Specification, Verification, and Automatic Test Generation of ATM Routing Protocol: PNNI
Formal Specification, Verification, and Automatic Test Generation of ATM Routing Protocol: PNNI 1. Introduction For the reliability of ATM networks, there is an urgent need to apply some formal methods in validating these protocols and in generating test cases. The tools needed to accomplish these purposes include: a technique to model the protocol, a formal description language to describe the model, a protocol simulator to perform verifications, and a test generator to produce test cases. This work is a case study of applying formal verification and test generation tools to the ATM network routing protocol, or the ATM Forum Private Network-Network Interface (PNNI) Specification Version 1.0 [1]. The PNNI specification consists of three layers of protocols: the Hello protocol for identifying the status of NNIs; the Database Synchronization protocol for maintenance of routing databases; and the Peer Group Leader Election protocol for operations of hierarchical routing. Each of the PNNI sub-protocols can best be modeled as communicating Extended Finite State Machines (EFSM) with parameters [2]. The system behavior of the PNNI protocol system is the combined effects of three communicating EFSMs. The issue at hand is: Is it necessary to develop a complete composite state machine to correctly model PNNI, and if so, how? Furthermore, since a PNNI system represents an ATM network
Computer network concepts and principles - arcnet.
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI COMPUTER NETWORK CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES ARCNET Mungai Andrew Gichuho (JULY 2003) HISTORY Datapoint Corporation introduced ARCNET, classified as a local area network (LAN), as office automation in the late 1970s. ARCNET is coined from two words i.e. ARC & NET. ARC in full is attached resource computer and NET is from the word network. So ARCNET in full means attached resources computer network. ARCNET's use as an office automation network has diminished but continues to find success in the industrial automation industry because its performance characteristics are well suited for control. It is very robust, fast and provides deterministic performance. In addition, it can span long distances thus making it a suitable fieldbus technology. The term fieldbus is used in the industrial automation industry to signify a network consisting of computers, controllers and devices mounted in the "field". ARCNET is an ideal fieldbus that delivers a message in predictable time fashion because of its token-passing protocol that it uses. ARCNET packet lengths vary from 0 to 507 bytes with little overhead and high data rate, typically 2.5 Mbps, yields quick responsiveness to short messages needed by feldbus. It has a built-in CRC-16 (cyclic redundancy check) error checking and supports several physical cabling schemes including fiber optics. The data link
User Guide. This system is for Regs Second Hand Cars. This user guide will give you instructions on how to use the functions of this system.
The User Guide to using the New System By, Dhruvesh Darji Contents Page Contents Page - 2 - Introduction - 3 - System Requirements - 4 - > Minimum Requirements: - 4 - Installing the System - 5 - Opening the System - 7 - Using the Menu - 8 - > Start Screen Menu: - 8 - > Navigation Menu: - 9 - Creating and Saving an Agreement - 11 - > Validation: - 13 - Printing an Agreement and Comparison Page - 15 - > Agreement: - 15 - > Comparison Page: - 16 - > Validation: - 18 - Adding, Editing and Deleting Customer Details - 19 - > Adding a New Customer: - 19 - > Editing Customer Details: - 20 - > Deleting Customer Details: - 21 - > Validation: - 22 - > Adding a New Car - 24 - > Editing Car Details: - 25 - > Deleting Car Details: - 26 - > Validation: - 28 - Exiting the System - 29 - > Start Screen Menu: - 29 - Backing-up the System - 31 - Making alterations to the System - 32 - Trouble Shooting - 34 - Introduction This system is for 'Reg's Second Hand Cars'. This user guide will give you instructions on how to use the functions of this system. This user guide will give directions on how to install the system and also the recommended system requirements needed. The guide will also give a tutorial on how to use the functions of the system such as: > How to use the menu > How to create a transaction/agreement > How to save a transaction/agreement > How to
Systems Analysis
Systems Analysis (P1) Task 1 Systems Life Cycle I will now discuss the various processes that make up the systems life cycle. Feasibility Study - Performing a feasibility study to judge whether a new computer system is feasible Analysis - Investigating and analysing the existing system to establish how things work currently Design - Designing the new system, specifying programs, hardware, and procedures to be followed • The hardware and software platform • The inputs & outputs • The user interface • The modular design of each program in the application • The test plan and test data • Conversion plan • Documentation including systems and operations documentation. Later, a user manual will be produced. Programming (development) - Programming, installation and maintenance • Programs written, tested and documented • Data loaded from old system to new system • May be parallel running of both systems for a while • Testing Installation (implementation) - Testing again and overseeing the installation of the new system * Staff trained on new system Maintenance (reviewing) - Making sure that all user and technical documentation is complete and system maintained by keeping it up-to-date, solving any problems and writing new programs when required The final stage in the systems life cycle is evaluating the performance of the new system to
I have been asked to create an ICT solution for a local events and promotions company called; EVDOP Live
Matthew Dickinson INFO 1- Sample Work 2012-2013 Centre Number: 34349 Candidate Number: 7049 Analysis - Problem identification with a list of requirements. Plus Interpretation of them as input, Processes and Output Company Background I have been asked to create an ICT solution for a local events and promotions company called; EVDOP Live. EVDOP Live is a company located in south Liverpool who provides an exclusive service in which they promote various local bands/musicians and organise gigs and events within various local venues. Prominent examples of the venues that EVDOP Live use are; The 02 Academy, the Liverpool guild hall of students and lastly the Liverpool philharmonic hall. Aside from orgainsing the venues and bands, EVDOP live also provide events management services. By this I mean they orgainse security services and also merchandise to any customer who desires these services. The purpose of the company is to create some form of profit which they do in various ways. One of which being charging a small percentage of the ticket price in relation to the sales of the tickets and also charging for various other services for bands such as advertising and printing of venue ticket costs. EVDOP would contract a printing company to print the venue tickets, and then sell them to the prospective performers at a slight increase of price; is in order to make
Information Age
Research Book Name: Subject: As ICT Topic: Online Services Topic 1: Real Time Information Question 1: What features are available on this type of online service? Source Information * Network rail (www.networkrail.com) (22/09/08) Monday * This page was last modified on 6 October 2008, at 01:39. * BAA Gatwick * www.gatwickariport.com This website provides information precisely, for It gives the real time information of the train that is on service on particular day time and it also gives information of the particular train going towards particular direction. The top of the page has main navigation link and search engine facility. In a further navigation there is a second menu that changes to reflect the various sections as you browse through the website. In the middle of the page you will find a text of the page you have browsed to. The right hand navigation has links and features related to the current page. At the bottom of the page you will find footer with contact us, site map, terms and conditions, privacy policy and help links The Gatwick airport website gives precise information of the flight to and from Gatwick. Airport information, shop, eats, relax and enjoy information, route plan information. Besides it also provides information on various sources such as customer services, terminal maps, airport parking, booking a flight, hiring a car and
This report seeks to study the social phenomenon of Short Messaging Service (SMS) and youths in Singapore.
OBJECTIVES This report seeks to study the social phenomenon of Short Messaging Service (SMS) and youths in Singapore. The motivation behind this project is due to the increasing number of SMS users especially among the youngsters. This reports not only gives the chronology of how SMS evolved, but also the basic background to SMS in Singapore, explaining the environment, organisations, people and technology involved. The analysis of the pros, cons and social impact of SMS on youths will also be explored. On top of that, a survey will be done to substantiate some of the more important findings. In addition, a case study on SMS and youths in Australia will be discussed, with certain comparing and contrasting to the situation in Singapore. INTRODUCTION The use of mobile phones has gained worldwide popularity with the youth. From the report of mobileYouth 2003, there are currently 239 million youngsters aged 5-24 in 2003 in 20 important markets and they own 104 million mobile phones (a penetration rate of 44%). [8] Closely integrated with the use of mobile phone is the use of Short Messaging Service (SMS). As the name suggests, SMS is, simply put, a service whereby a user types a message in his mobile phone and sends it to other users. This SMS service is instantaneous, private and user-friendly. A single SMS has an inherent limitation to a maximum of 160 characters per SMS and
What is networking?
Networking What is networking? Networking is the means by which we connect people, enabling them to communicate with each other and share information using computers. Networks can range from the mainframe host and terminal model, which proliferated in the early days of the industry; to the local area network (LAN) that connects desktop PCs in a company; to wide area networks (WANs), such as the Internet or a global corporation's connections among multinational sites. LANs are high-speed, low-error data networks that cover a relatively small geographic area (up to a few thousand meters). LANs connect workstations, peripherals, terminals, and other devices in a single building or other geographically limited areas. .1 Benefits of Networking A network allows users to share files, applications and printers. By connecting the computers in your company together, you can increase communication, workflow and productivity. The vast majority of LAN environments will be based on a client/server architecture. A client/server network uses dedicated "server" systems to supply information to the "client" systems that sit on users' desks. This architecture implies that the server performs some processing. Clients At the centre of every network exists the PC. Most of these PCs are user desktop systems, also called clients, that access another system's network resources for file
