Numerical Method Course Work
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Introduction
Numerical Method Course Work
Problem Specification
Finding all the roots of equation (x+1) sin (1/x)=0 for 0.05<x<1.The reason for why I use numerical methods is I can’t solve this equation by any analytical method. And it lies beyond my mathematics knowledge to solve by an algebraic method.
Strategy
I am not sure which method I will use for finding all roots of the equation. So I want to see which method is most efficient method for finding a root, efficient method means can find the roots most quickly. The methods are shown below,
Bisection Method with the formula: If a root lies between X = X0 and X = X1, then X2 = 0.5 ( X0 + X1 ) will give an approximation to the roots;
Secant Method with the formula: If X = X0 and X1 are approximation to a root of X = X0. A better approximation to the root will usually be given by X = X1 – (X1 - X0 )*f (X1 )/[f(X1 )-f(X0 )];
Linear Iteration If x = a and x = b are approximations to a root of f (x)
Middle
In my course work, the equation is (x+1) sin (1/x) = 0.
So differentiate this function by using chain rule, product rule, and trig. Differentiation.
Y =F (x) = (x+1) sin (1/x))
Y= u * v
U’ = 1
V’ = -(1/x^2)* cos. (1/x) (Chain rule and Trig. Differentiation)
F ‘(x) = u v’ + v u’ (Product Rule)
= Sin (1/x) – (x+1)/x^2* cos. (1/x)
Then I put the function f (x) = (x+1) sin (1/x) into the graphic calculator, using the table to store the information with the range 0.05 as starting point, 1 as the end point, 0.01 as the pitch. I use the calculator to see how many roots are there roughly. The calculator lists a table and draws a graph for me. (Appendix 3 and 4)
From the table and graph, we can see that there may be 6 roots in the interval (0.05, 1). There are between 0.05 and 0.06, 0.06 and 0.07, etc. Then I use the same method to check whether or not there is exactly only 1 root in the interval. Instead, I use 0.05 as starting value, 0.
Conclusion
Because Ms Excel spreadsheet just can go to the accuracy as far as 9 decimal places, so my solution just can achieve 8 decimal places, because of rounding in the computer program
Interpretation
The roots of the equation (x+1) sin (1/x) =0 are
* 0.053051648,
* 0.063661977,
* 0.106103295,
* 0.159154943,
* 0.318309886,
* 0.079577472. (8 decimal places).
Because the Successive errors of all the roots become smaller and turn to 0 at the end, and the En/ En-1^2 ratio becomes constant, I can say my solution is valid.
So the limitation of Newton-Raphson method is I need to choose the roots very carefully otherwise I can’t find the roots I want to find. Particularly to find roots at 0.0795774472, it is very important to choose the correct value.
And the disadvantage of Secant method is that, like the Newton-Raphson method, can lead to divergence in some cases. (Appendix 7)
And for the fix-iteration, this method seem not so good to the equation (x+1)sin (1/X) =0
The bisection method is good, reliable method for solving an equation f (x) = 0, it always go to the convergence but it reduces the rate of going to convergence, because it halves the interval width.
This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our AS and A Level Core & Pure Mathematics section.
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