Review the Classification of Skills to Include the Differences between Individual, Co-Active and Interactive Skills?
A Level Physical Education Question: Review the Classification of Skills to Include the Differences between Individual, Co-Active and Interactive Skills? Skill is a very important concept in sport for both the participant and the coach as well. A Skill is "An organised co-ordinated activity in relation to an object or situation which involves a whole chain of sensory central and motor mechanisms". However a performance in sport which is seen as skilful has to include some of these qualities. -Consistency -Accuracy -Control Austen obfuscated jbruce1's rationalisation theory. -An intention -Fluidity A skill is a mixture of ability and technique that is learned by a performer. The more a skill is practised, the easier it should become to consistently repeat that skill with little trouble or difficulty. What is Skill? * Skill is learned. It is the result of practice and experience. * Skill is a goal directed and purposeful. It results in an end product. * A skilled player consistently achieves their goals. * Skill results in movement that is economic and efficient, in terms of time or energy. * Skill results in movements that are fluent and aesthetic. Classification of Skill: There are different types of skill - these are as follows: TYPE OF SKILL DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE COGNITIVE SKILLS A persons ability to solve problems by thinking Adding up of scores
Review The Classification Of Skills To Include The Differences Between Individual, Co-Active and Interactive Skills.
Review The Classification Of Skills To Include The Differences Between Individual, Co-Active and Interactive Skills A skill is a mixture of ability and technique that is learned by a performer. The more a skill is practised, the easier it should become to consistently repeat that skill with little trouble or difficulty. Knapp defined skill as: "The learned ability to bring about pre-determined results with maximum certainty often with minimal outlay of time, energy or both" Abilities can come naturally, such as the ability the run fast or to have good vision, but having good abilities does not mean you can perform a skill. A tennis player like Tim Henman may have good vision to spot where to place a ball on the court, but it will take a lot of practice to learn the skill of getting the ball to land where he wants it. By continuously playing shots around the court, he will pick up the skill to be able to accurately place the ball where he desires, with little effort both physically and mentally. As there are so many different variations of skills, there are many ways of classifying them. The most general way of classifying skill would be to separate them into three sections, which are cognitive, perceptual and motor skills. Cognitive skills involve problem solving, and using your brain to decide what you are going to do, for example, deciding where to place a serve in
Review the classification of skills to include the differences between individual, co-active and interactive skills.
Review the classification of skills to include the differences between individual, co-active and interactive skills. By Shaun Midgley A skill is something that has been acquired by training; it is linked to technique and ability but is not the same. Skills can be a mixture of a person being a naturally good at a sport, or learning the sport and being very good at it that way. An example of a sport which needs skill is hockey, dribbling the ball down the pitch around the defenders is skill but in order to do this you need ability. To improve our skills, we have to have some natural ability, things such as speed and coordination. Abilities can be natural or innate; and these characteristics tend to stay the same. This means that if genetically your level of sport if poor, and then you will not get much better because you don't have the ability to but some abilities can be improved to a certain extent. All sports need ability, one sport that needs ability is badminton because you have to have good hand - eye coordination to be able to hit the shuttle at its highest point and accurately on the court. Technique is a way of efficiently accomplishing a task in a manner that is not immediately obvious or straight forward. Technique is important in the performance of a sportsman or woman. The way in which you do something is technique and it can affect the score of something
Review the classification of skills to include the differences between individual, co active and interactive skills.
Review the classification of skills to include the differences between individual, co active and interactive skills 'Skill consists of the ability to bring about some end result with maximum certainty and minimum outlay of energy...' (Guthrie, 1952) Welford described the concept of skill as 'An organised co-ordinated activity in relation to an object or situation which involves a whole chain of sensory, central and motor mechanisms.' Every sport requires different types of skill, as each sport has individual requirements. The four main elements of the classification system are; body involvement, environmental conditions, continuity and pacing. (Physical Education and the Study of Sport. Davis et al) Skills are further categorised into open or closed, discrete, serial or continuous, self or externally paced, and fine or gross skills. (Advanced PE for Edexcel; Galligan, Maskery, Spence, Howe, Barry, Ruson, Crawford) Closed and open skills can be placed on Knapp's open-closed continuum 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 closed open 3 2 1 5 4 Closed skills;
Review the classification of skills to include the differences between individual, coactive and interactive skills.
Skill Acquisition Coursework Task 1 Using your experiences from a team game, racket game and an individual activity to highlight the differences between the different applications of the concepts and to provide examples to support your knowledge, complete the following question. * Review the classification of skills to include the differences between individual, coactive and interactive skills. "The learned ability to bring about pre-determined results with maximum certainty often with the minimum outlay of time, energy or both" Guthrie 1952. In sport a whole range of perceptual-motor skills are required to perform any task in any sporting activity. Skill simply is something gained through learning and is therefore a learned behaviour. Skill is also improved through practice, in training. A skilled performer learns to be effective and efficient in: * Achieving a well-defined objective. * Being consistent. * Maintaining physical and mental demands of performance at a high level. * Minimising time required. The best way of analysing skills is to use different continuums, which show us the different characteristics of a skill, and to what extent these characteristics are present. This can be shown on a continuum by positioning the skill on a point on a line depending on which aspect of the skill is being analysed. The intention of this coursework is to examine the
Review the Classification of Skills to Include the Differences Between Individual, Coactive and Interactive Skills.
Review the Classification of Skills to Include the Differences Between Individual, Coactive and Interactive Skills Skill is: "...the learned ability to bring about pre-determined results with maximum certainty, often with the minimum outlay of time or energy or both...' Knapp, 1963 There are many different types of skill used in different situations. Cognitive is the thinking part of skill so a sport that needs lots of cognitive skill is Snooker. A perceptual skill is where you read the skill to help you and give you time. Such as using the wind when kicking a football. The performance of a skill is known as a motor skill. Skills can be open or closed. An open skill is one that can be affected by the environment or the surrounding conditions and the actions require perceptual monitoring. An example of an open skill would be passing a rugby ball in windy conditions. A closed skill is one that has a predictable environment with no external requirements such as throwing a dart. A skill is learnt, and this is a relatively permanent change in performance. Performance is only a temporary action. A skill is comprised of technique, quality and ability. Within skill, there are many different types; cognitive, perceptual, motor, psycho-motor / perceptual motor (muscles and brain working together) open and closed plus may others. The concept of 'skill' is used in several different
Is Motivation more important than ability in a successful competitive performance?
Is Motivation more important than ability in a successful competitive performance? Introduction Ability means that in order to learn and perform any skills, abilities are generally seen as being innate. Ability is seen as the building blocks of all sports. Motivation can affect our learning, our performance and even our decisions in sport. If we are not in a positive state our performance will deteriorate and we will not learn at our full potential. Motivation = the drive to strive. In a competitive performance, performers must be at optimum arousal to perform at their best, a formula was recognised Skill = Ability + Technique. In this equation where does motivation really fit in? Motivation fits into two parts of this equation, in ability and technique. If a games player isn't motivated he/she wouldn't be at their optimum arousal so they won't apply their ability correctly. If the games player isn't at optimum arousal in training for example their attitude is to think they cannot be bothered so they don't train properly and wouldn't learn the correct techniques which will deteriorate performance which will lead to an unsuccessful competitive performance. This is Stallings list of psychomotor abilities. Another researcher identified the characteristics of motor performance. * Reaction time * Response orientation * Speed of movement * Finger dexterity *
Personal Exercise Program #2
Sport: Rugby Sporting Profile I play in the second row. Not only does my job entail the "dirty work" at the breakdowns but it also requires dynamic activities involving running hard lines and good support lines. I am also needed to win ball at the line out via lifting. My job is to do the hard work up front to provide a solid platform for the backs to work their magic and rack up the points. I have completed - and enclosed* - a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire which states that I am ready to take part in the physical activity in my PEP. Fitness Profile Fitness test results: Test Component Tested Score Rating 30 Metre Sprint Speed 4.83 Poor Cooper 12 minute run Cardiovascular endurance 2300m Below Average Chin Ups Strength 5 Fair Illinois Agility Run Agility 8.59 Fair RAST Speed Endurance 7.93 watts/sec Bleep Test VO2 Max 43.43 Fair Sit Ups Test Local Muscular Endurance 32 Excellent Standing Vertical Jump Lower Body Power 42cm Average Standing Long Jump Lower Body Power .91m Above Average In addition I have the following one rep maximums (specific to my routine): Squat 92.5kg Deadlift 100kg Bench Press 67.5kg Power Clean 50kg Press 37.5kg From the data, it seems to me that my strength - raw strength - is very good, regardless of the fact that I got a fair rating in my strength test. I believe this because chin
Skill acquisition.
Skill acquisition To support the coach there is a wealth of scientific information based on research conducted with athletes. Information is available to support the coach and athlete in all areas of training and development including nutrition, biomechanics, psychology, physiology & medicine. There are a number of scientific methods to measure and analyse the athlete's performance e.g. computer aided analysis of VO2 max, lactate levels, running technique etc. The art of coaching comes when the coach has to analyse the scientific data and convert it into coaching and training programmes to help develop the athlete. This analysis process relies heavily on the coach's experience and knowledge of the event/sport and the athlete concerned. By understanding the science, which is the foundation of training, a well designed training program can be developed that will help an athlete reach their full potential. The art is understanding the science and then applying it. Skill is a commonly used word, widely interpreted across a variety of subjects; however, in sport we tend to use skill as more of a concept rather than just a word. The term skill is referred to in terms of existing within a sport (i.e. a tennis serve or a golf shot), or as sport itself being a skill. Within sport, skill is seen as a co-ordinated act, often involving complex movements brought together in a
Skill Classification and Information Processing.
Skill Classification and Information Processing Task 1 (http://media.g-win.com/betweekly/images/game16/STEPHEN%20HENDRY%20MBE.jpg) Skill: Snooker shot. (http://www.tennisforall.org/serves/chela_serve%201.htm) Skill: Tennis serve. ( http://www.cnnsi.com/rugby/news/2001/02/03/wales_england_ap/t1_wilkinson_all-01.jpg) Skill: Conversion kick. (http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct01/img/cricket.jpg) Skill: Cricket shot (sweep). (http://www.theposh.premiumtv.co.uk/content/pete/media/db/S25/156621.JPEG) Skill: Football pass (side footed ground pass). (http://www.boxingpress.de/fotos/lewis-botha-ko-punch-01.jpg) Skill: Boxing punch (Hook). . The tennis serve is the most skilful out of all the 6 skills I have chosen because it matches these 7 points that recognise a skilled performance: Learned Goal Orientated Aesthetic Successful Consistent Economic (in terms of time/energy) Cognitively Processed The tennis serve requires a lot of practice to groove the skill into the long-term memory, to be able to produce a powerful, accurate and effective service it requires a huge amount of learning. The serve is so vital for that the game that professional players will dedicate a large amount of their practise to learning how to serve accurately with power. The serve is definitely goal orientated because the service can easily win you the point/game and if your