DISCUSS THE DIFFRENCE BETWEEN SKILL, ABILITY AND TECHNIQUE AND EXPLAIN HOW YOU WOULD STRUCTURE PRACTICES TO ENHANCE THESE COMPONENTS OF FITNESS

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Masnun Siddiqui

TITLE: DISCUSS THE DIFFRENCE BETWEEN SKILL, ABILITY AND TECHNIQUE AND EXPLAIN HOW YOU WOULD STRUCTURE PRACTICES TO ENHANCE THESE COMPONENTS OF FITNESS

“Skill is an organise co-ordinated activity in relation to an object or situation which involves a whole chain of sensory, central and motor mechanisms.”

There are four different types of skill. Cognitive, Perceptual, Motor and Perceptual Motor. Cognitive skill is intellectual skills involving thought processes, such as adding up score. Perceptual skill in the interpretations of a stimuli. Motor skill involves the muscular system and movement and Perceptual Motor skill is a combination of perceptual and motor skill.

Knapp’s skill continuum

The Open and Closed Continuum

This continuum is concerned with the effects of the environment on skills - Knapp's open and closed skills also known as open and closed loop control.

Open skills: Football usually involves open skills. This is because the environment is constantly changing and so movements have to be continually adapted. Therefore, skills are predominantly perceptual. The skill is mostly externally paced, for example a pass in football.

Closed skill: these skills take place in a stable, predictable environment and the performer knows exactly what to do and when. Therefore, skills are not affected by the environment and tend to be habitual. Movements follow set patterns and have a clear beginning and end. The skills tend to be self-paced, for example taking a penalty in football.

Knapp suggests that skills can fit on a continuum between open and closed.

The External and Internal Paced Continuum

Self paced skills are those that are instigated by the performer and externally paced skills are those where the timing of the performance of the skill is not controlled by the performer, but by an outside instigator.

This continuum is concerned with the timing of movements (and is often used with the open-closed continuum) - internal and external paced skills

Self-paced skills: the performer controls the rate at which the skill is executed. These skills are usually closed skills for example in football someone that takes the free kick   paces himself to take the kick by controlling the power and accuracy of the free kick being taken.

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Externally paced skills: the environment, which may include opponents, controls the rate of performing the skill. The performer must pay attention to external events in order to control his/her rate of movement. These skills involve reaction, and are usually open skills. For example in football the players must time his actions with the actions of other players and the football

Individual skills are those performed in isolation. For example a football player warming up to get on the pitch

Coactive skills are those performed at the same time as others ...

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