The FA is a very similar body they are also a non-profit making organisation who gives money back to the game in different ways:
- They give funds to clubs and players for participating.
- Subsidises the county FA's.
- Developing coaching and improving facilities
These are just some ways in which the FA uses its finances. The FA gets their money, as do FIFA from television rights and sponsorship. They are in charge of the England teams and the FA cup competition, which ploughs in the funding for them. The turnover for the FA in 1999 was an incredible £85.9m. In 2000 they signed a television deal with BskyB and the BBC which was worth around £400m. The governing bodies throughout the world are worth a huge amount of money, this is why football is such a rich game and why it always will be. There will never be a lack of money in the game it as a massive fan base and as long as that fan base is there the money will also be there.
Tennis
Organisation
The national governing body of tennis is the Lawn Tennis Association There are 1,200 LTA organised tournaments that are held in the UK each year including The Stella Artois, The Nottingham Open and the Samsung Open. The biggest being Wimbledon, this is the best known tournament that the LTA stage. It is the biggest tennis competition in the world, hundreds of tennis players from all around the world compete to try and reach the Wimbledon finals.
Funding
In the year 2000 tennis received funding from the government and the National Lottery. They gave a lot of money to sportscotland, they gave lottery funding to 321 projects worth around £2,324,802. Other Lottery funding has gone to young people who play tennis, they were given around £56,015 in 1999-2000. Sportscotland gave the Scottish Lawn Tennis Association £64,000 to help in the running of tennis in Scotland.
In England Sportsmatch has made 194 awards worth around £1.15m, which goes to grass roots and junior tennis projects. There is a Lottery sports fund that has produced 473 awards to tennis projects that is worth about £54m. Tennis was chosen by Sport England to take part in a five-year sports development programme that is aimed at young people. The LTA are working in partnership with Sport England to make this programme a success. Sport England will get £10m a year to put to the programme.
Wales gets it funding through the Sports Council for Wales. The Lottery has given Wales tennis organisations around £2,050,982, which like Scotland and England will be put into young people playing sport. The Tennis Council also gave Tennis Wales a total of £86,886, which is the governing body for tennis in Wales.
The LTA produced an agenda of how they are going to spend the £32.5m they got from Wimbledon. They said they the money would "all be invested back into British tennis". This is what they are going to do with it:
- £750,000 - to the Mini Tennis Programme
- £1 million - towards "the ambitious City Tennis Club programme"
- £9.9 million - Improving performance
- 30% increase to £13.4 million - development activities designed to increase accessibility for all sections of the community.
The LTA said "We continue to put all the funds available from the latest Wimbledon surplus to maximum use for the benefit of the sport". This will enable the LTA to develop the talent that is already out there.
Profit from Wimbledon that was given to the LTA:
As you can see there is a substantial increase in the amount of profit the LTA receive from Wimbledon. This shows the dramatic increase in popularity of tennis throughout the decades This is exactly what the LTA were aiming to do and by looking at these figures it shows they have achieved their goals.
Like football, tennis also receives funding from sponsorship. Earlier this year The Tennis Masters Series and Tennis Masters Cup signed a sponsorship deal with HEAD/Penn Racquet Sports, which will make HEAD the official racquet for the tournaments and Penn the official ball. Both the sponsor and the tournament will benefit from the deal, the sponsors will get exposure and the tournament will receive more funding. The chairman of HEAD said "HEAD/Penn Racquet Sports is proud to be associated with the prestigious international tennis series and feels that this relationship will enhance our worldwide position as the No. 1 tennis ball and the No 2 selling racquet worldwide." This demonstrates the power of sponsorship, HEAD/PENN has found that by sponsoring these competitions they will benefit by enhancing their position as the best selling tennis balls and racquets in the world.
Scale and Economic importance
Football
Football is with out a doubt one of the world’s biggest sports. The World Cup is by far the most watched sporting event with around 33.4 billion watching France 98. Throughout the years the amount of people watching the World Cup has done nothing but increase due to football popularity.
E.g. the World Cup TV Viewing Figures (in billions)
You can see from the graph that there has been a dramatic increase in viewing figures from 1986 through to 1998. The whole World watches the World Cup, in 1986, 166 countries watched and in 1998 that figure rose to 200 countries. This proves that the popularity of football has improved dramatically; more people are beginning to enjoy the game.
FIFA did a survey to find out how many people worldwide play football. They found approximately 250 million participate not including the 5 million referee, assistant referees and officials. 1 in 25 of the World’s population play. Without adding children and the people who play for fun:
- USA has over 18 million players
- Indonesia has over 10 million
This is a lot of players throughout the World it obviously proves that football is the biggest most played sport in the World. Over 1.5 million teams exist and over 300,000 clubs. It is not just men that play football, there are also over 20 million women footballers, 80% are juniors or still teenagers. This shows the growing popularity of women’s football. In the USA women’s football is actually a lot bigger than the men’s, one of the highest paid sportspersons in the USA is a female footballer.
The results of FIFA’s survey:
Totals – in 1000’s
AFC: Asian Football Confederation
CAF: Confederation Africaine de Football
CONCACAF: Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football
CONMEBOL: Confederation Sudamericana de Futbol
OFC: Oceania Football Confederation
This survey shows the sheer scale of football in the World today. It is an absolutely massive game that will keep growing.
Scale and Economic importance
Tennis
Tennis is a very popular sport throughout the World. There are four major tournaments held annually, the US Open, the Australian Open. The French Open and the biggest of them all, Wimbledon which is held here in Britain. People come from all over the World to compete in such competitions, the standard of play is extremely high and there is fierce competition. The amount of money involved in such tournaments is phenomenal. For example the US Open has just increased their prize money to $850,000 to the men’s and women’s singles champions and the money for the doubles champions has gone up to $350,000.
Europe has a huge tennis following with millions participating:
Tennis Europe has 48 Member Nations
- Population of Europe – 850,000,00
- Tennis Players – 25,000,000
- Licensed Players – 12,000,000
- Licensed Junior Players – 2,500,000
These figures show the scale at which tennis is played. It is an enormous sport. A lot of people get involved because of the amount of money that can be gained from competing. Professional tennis players earn vast amounts each year. The 2001 leading money winners for both men and women has just been released. To show the amount of money we are discussing we will give a few examples of the amount of money that the players have earned this year:
Men’s
At number 50 in the chart is Franco Squillari from Argentina; he earned a mere $402,140. A little further up the scale at number 29 is Guillermo Canas who is also from Argentina; he earned a little more at $606,341. At number 12 our own Tim Henman earned $918,699. This is still quite a small amount compared to the person at the top of the scale.
At number 1 earner of the year is Gustavo Kuerten from Brazil who earned $2,351,004; this is a huge amount of prize money. There is a lot of difference between umber 50 and the number 1 in the scale; this shows how much of a competitive game it is. The only way you would ever win this amount is by being a great and talented player.
(***** Tennis prize money increased dramatically in recent years, way more than they would receive 15 - 20 years ag. Due to sponsorship & tv coverage. *****)
Even though this is a lot of money it is still nothing compared to the mount the footballers get a year, some are earning up to £50,000 a week.
Women’s
The women’s is much the same as the men’s with the number 50 Lilia Osterkoh of the USA earning a little sum of $184,029. A little higher up the scale at number 26 is Anke Huber of Germany; she earned $363,422. At number 14 is Monica Seles of the USA; she earned $503,211. At the top of the scale at number 1 is Venus Williams of the USA who earned a monstrous amount of $2,522,610. This again is a very different from the amount that the number 50 in the chart earned. Venus Williams is an extremely talented player who wins almost all her games and tournaments therefore she is a well-deserved winner.
The Importance of Football for the Mass Media
The mass media rely heavily on sport; sport is where the most money is made from. Football has to be the biggest moneymaker. There is never a day where you don’t see on the back page of a tabloid the football news. The back of every newspaper is full of sport news mostly football as it is the biggest game in this country.
Newspapers know that sport sells, especially football in this country, this is why they devote page after page to the game. Sponsorship is huge for the media this is how they get their name out to the public. Without this kind of advertisement the companies would be making considerably less money than they do now. The companies pay these teams and players to wear their names; it is the best way for the business to get their name known with the public. Earlier in the assignment we looked at David Beckham as an example of sponsorship, we can look at Alan Shearer as another example:
This is a lot of money for the sponsors to part with but in the long run they are the ones who will come out being the richer party as the more they get advertised the more the get noticed by the general public.
Michael Owen is another example of a player that has a lot of individual sponsorship deals. He is sponsored by such companies as Walkers and Pepsi. He also has his own line of watches:
Most companies who want to sponsor teams get their names on the strips as we looked at earlier. Companies who want to sponsor a game will have their names put on the billboards that surround the actual pitch and also behind players and managers at interviews.
Sky Television is a good example of the way in which the media relies on sport. Sky has a lot of football channels that are dedicated to football. Without these type of channels it is believed that sky would not be as half as successful as it is now. Football teams are now paying Sky for their own personnel channels such as Manchester United and Chelsea TV. These channels are on for 24 hours a day and they show nothing but television dedicated to the team. They have set up packages that the viewers can buy such as buy Sky today and you can get all the sport channels for free etc.
Sky introduced the pay per view idea to the UK. Pay per view is when you have to pay to watch a certain football game or boxing match. Sky makes a lot of money from these events; with out them they would be on a possible income low. They know that people will pay to watch, as they don’t want to miss their team’s matches. The amount they charge is usually £8 per match, so if you work it out, if at least 1000 people subscribe to the pay per view game Sky have already earned around £8,000. They are going to earn a lot more than this therefore they can easily cover the money they have spent on getting the TV rights for the game.
The Importance of Tennis for the Mass Media
Tennis is very similar to football; sponsors also rely on it to advertise their company. Some bigger companies sponsor whole tournaments in order to get their name across to the world, such as the Ericsson Open Miami. Ericsson would have to input a lot of money into this event to make it a success. Companies who sponsor whole events are taking a risk as if the competition does no go to plan it can give the company a bad name, which could result in a profit decrease. On the other hand though the competition could be a huge success meaning the company gets its self a good reputation meaning they could possibly increase their profit. The companies would have to cover all the possibilities before they came to a decision but in the long run there is more of a chance that they will earn themselves a good name.
The businesses only want to sponsor top competitions as these are the only tennis tournaments that get mass media coverage eg television coverage. Tennis is not as big as football there fore there is a lot more competition for advertising spaces at the tournaments. This is most probably due to the fact that there is less tennis tournaments.
Wimbledon is a huge tournament that attracts people from all over the world.
Every year Wimbledon is held here in Britain. It is an enormous event for the BBC who have the TV rights for it. They have it for the whole tournament where they show it on both BBC 1 and BBC 2. They attract millions of viewers every day while the tournament lasts. Wimbledon not only make their money from these TV rights, they also receive goods and services from their suppliers/sponsors. For next years competition they have 14 official suppliers who are:
- Rolex - appear on the number1 and centre courts scoreboards as the official Wimbledon timekeepers.
- Hertz - supply the transport the players need
- Phillips - give the press desks TV sets and the big TV screen for the public outside the park.
- IBM - they are the information technology suppliers
- British Airways - the official airline
- Buxton - the official mineral water
- Coca-Cola - the official soft drink
- Jacobs Creek - the official Australian Wine
- Lanson - the official champagne
- Walls - the official ice cream
- Slazenger - the official ball
- Securicor - official security provider
- Robinsons - the official still soft drink
- Nescafe - official coffee
These are just for the Wimbledon Championships, this will help Wimbledon stage the competition, and without these sponsors it would be difficult to stage such a successful tournament. The sponsors will also get a lot out of it as they will get huge mass media coverage, they will get hours of TV coverage as well as being shown in the national tabloids.
The ways in which the mass media have influenced football
The mass media have a lot of influence over football, they do over most sports. Throughout the years football has worked around the media, for example football matches used to kick off at 3pm on Saturdays, but nowadays they sometimes kick off at 12pm, or are played on Sundays. This is all because the television companies want to show more games throughout the day. These times have been solely changed for the companies. The teams have to go along with this as otherwise they would get no coverage, which will loose them sponsors, meaning they lose money.
Players' wages are also influenced by the coverage they get. If a team is being shown on television the company that is showing the game has to pay TV rights, and some of that money is put towards the wages of the players. The bigger the team the higher the wages due to there being more coverage of that game. For example Manchester United players are earning up to £50,000 a week, most of this money will be pulled out of the coverage money. Smaller teams do not earn half as much as they don’t get as much coverage meaning they don’t receive as much money as the bigger teams do.
The way that players are perceived can be greatly influenced by the media. The media can develop a person's whole reputation, they can influence the way people think about that person. For example the media turned the country against Glen Hoddle for saying that disabled people are making up for sins they had in their past life. This is just his own opinion, he has the right to think what he wants but the media blew it all out of proportion and turned everyone against him. They made people think he was some kind of monster, this is just one story, but by looking at it you can see that the media is a very powerful tool.
It is not just football that has been affected by the media many other sports have as well. The false-starting rule is being changed in January 2003; this just shows that sports will change the rules to any extent to get more money from the media. Pay per view is another aspect that has influenced the way people watch sport. It gives the viewer an ultimatum, they either pay to watch or they don’t watch at all. It never used to be like this a few years ago, you could watch all your teams' games on terrestrial television. People now can't follow their teams without having Sky television. There is nothing football can do to change this as they know without this coverage they will lose a lot of money that they really can't afford to lose.
The ways in which the mass media have influenced tennis
Tennis has not been influenced by the media as much as football has. The game has not changed in hundreds of years. It is a traditional game that will not change its rules for the media. It has though been approached by the media to change the way it is played. They wanted tennis to get rid of the advantage point so that the when a player gets to deuce the next point is the winning point. The reason for this is that tennis matches are very unpredictable therefore it is unlikely that the game will run according to the TV schedule, this is what the TV companies don’t like, they like sports that run to their time. With the advantage point a game could drag on for hours. There is no telling when it will finish. The companies did put pressure on the tennis governing bodies to alter the rules, but because it is such an enjoyed traditional game throughout the world they would not ease up to the demands.
