IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING, INCLUDING A CONCISE EXAMPLE

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* IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING, INCLUDING A CONCISE EXAMPLE OF EACH PRINCIPLE.

* IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS ADAPTATIONS TO ENDURANCE AND STRENGTH TRAINING PAYING PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY AND NEUROMUSCULAR ADAPTATIONS.

* FOR EACH OF THE 3 SPORTS SELECTED IN PART 1, DESCRIBE WHAT YOU FEEL WOULD BE APPROPRIATE METHODS OF FITNESS TRAINING COVERING ALL FITNESS COMPONENTS, SPECIFIC TO EACH SPORT.

Principles of training is a necessary instrument that should be applied to every sport and exercise in order that athletes and teams in training would have specific training objectives and goals to achieve. Without the principles of training, teams and athletes would be training blindly and this would lead to overtraining and burn out resulting in poor performances and therefore loss of interest and eventually result in the athlete dropping out of the training.

The various principles of training are:

Individuality

The training programme should take into account the athletes' individual differences such as age, sex, level of fitness, motivation level , recovery and rest time needed, nutrition, physical size etc. For example, in the training of a soccer team, all members of the team cannot be pushed with the same intensity of training as members of the team differ and would need different treatment to bring out the best in the athlete. The training programme should therefore be flexible enough to be modified to accommodate differences in the athletes genetic make up and other factors without compromising on the standards of training.

2 Overload

The overload principle deals with the demands placed on the body's system with regards to training. The body should be allowed time to adapt to training , starting from basic to intermediate and then finally to the advanced levels over a period of time when the athlete can expect to be pushed to the maximum limit. There should be periods for conditioning of the body for the body to adapt to higher intensities of training otherwise the coach would run the risk of injuring the athlete or render the athlete stagnant with no improvement in performances. If the coach were to train the athlete 12 hours a day for days before a competition , one can be sure that the athlete would be stale and exhausted on the day of the competition

3 Specificity

This is important because the exercise regime prescribed for the athlete should be specific to the sport of the athlete. For eg, a long jumper should not be given exercise drills that focus on gaining height. A high jumper should be given this rill instead. The ling jumper should therefore be focusing on drills that would help the athlete in gaining distances.
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4 Adaptation

Athletes will attain peak fitness after months of training in preparation for competition. Such fitness levels cannot be achieved overnight. Fitness involves improved cardiorespiratory functions, blood circulation, high ATP-PC levels etc For eg if an athlete from the tropics at sea level were to participate in a competition at high altitude in a temperate country, the athlete should be put through a training programme in a selected training environment to help the athlete adjust to competing in the cold and at high altitudes.

5 Progression

Progression in training should be carried out in ...

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