Skill allowing you the ability examples within sports
Individual skills
- Having a good reaction time in the 100m sprint, this gives you the ability to start very quickly after the gun has fired.
- If you have good muscular endurance then you will have the ability to keep going in a marathon, or you will have good stamina.
Team skills
- Sprinting down the pitch in a football match, this gives you the ability to beat the defenders.
- Balancing after catching the ball in netball on the move, this gives you the ability to keep possession and keep the ball in play.
Racket sports
- Having good agility, being able to change direction quickly on the badminton court; this gives you the ability to get to the shots as early as possible.
- If you have good strength in tennis then this gives you the ability to serve an “ace.”
- It is vital in racket sports that you have good coordination, in squash if you have this, it allows you to play clever shots off the back and side walls.
Skills on the profile:
Team sports Racket sports Individual Activities
Continuous- Cycling. This is continuous as there is no clear end or beginning in the exercise and it is something which is over and over again.
Serial Skills are a group of discrete skills strung together to make a new and complex movement. i.e. the sequence of skills for the triple jump.
Discrete- Cricket- bowling. This is more towards discrete as there is a clear beginning and end and to start again you must go to the beginning. It’s also up to you how much pace or swing you put on the ball which the batters does not know how much or each you are going to put on it.
Self paced- Javelin. This is a self paced skill as the athlete controls the rate of performance and the athlete decides when to initiate movement.
Externally paced- Football- goalkeeper saving a shot. This is an externally paced skill as the environment can control the rate of performing the skill, as the performer must pay attention to the external events in order to control there rate of movement. These skills usually involve good reaction.
Simple- Badminton-clear. This is a simple skill as it is very straight forward with very few subsections to go through to perform the skill. Requires decisions.
Complex- Rugby-tackling. This is a complex skill as this involves a large attention span as they are complicated and are practiced in training over and over to make it easier to perform in competition.
Fine muscular involvement- Basketball- set shot. This is a fine muscular involvement skill as it uses small muscle groups, you have to be very accurate and is usually all about good hand/eye co-ordination. And the skill is very precise.
Gross muscular involvement- Triple jump. This is a gross muscular involvement skill as it uses large muscle groups and the movements are not very precise.
Low organisation- Badminton- serve. This is a low organisation skill as it is very easy with uncomplicated moves; this can also be broken down and practiced in sections.
High organisation- Tennis- volley. This is a high organisation skill is it has a complex amount of skill involved and cannot be broken down to practice separately.
Open skills
These skills are those which are directly influenced by the environment in which they are performed. They are skills that require adaptation every time they are performed. The adaptation may depend on a range of environmental conditions such as the weather, pitch conditions, speed of the ball, and pitch conditions. This means an open skill is never performed in exactly the same way twice. We must use our knowledge, experience and perceptual skills to analyse the situation before performing the required skill.
Closed skills
Closed skills are those that have no outside physical influences acting upon them. They are the same each time they are performed. The performer will go through ‘a pre-learned sequence of motor activities’ with no reference to the environment in which the skill is performed. Once learnt a closed skills should be performed in exactly the same way each time.
Different types of skills
Individual skills are skills that are performed without any reference to another player. These skills tend to be closed and self paced, they can also be discrete, serial or continuous. Can be either gross or fine muscular involvement. For example javelin.
Co-active skills are skills where others are involved in the same activity, can be competitive or working as a team. These skills are not completely open or closed however they tend to be externally paced, can also be discrete, serial or continuous. Can be either gross or fine muscular involvement. For example a goalkeeper saving a shot in football.
Interactive skills are skills that are dependant on interaction with the environment. These skills are mainly open skills and are externally paced, can also be discrete, serial or continuous, but can either be gross or fine muscular involvement. For example returning a serve on a grass court in tennis.
Different types of skills trends
Individual skills all tend to be around the left hand side of the skill profile continuums, whereas the co-active skills tend to be around the middle of the skill profile continuums. And the interactive skills all tend to be at the right hand side of the skill profile continuums. All of this is shown in my diagram with all three different skills on the same profile.
Bibliography
WESSON, K ET AL, 1998 SPORT AND PE, HODDER & STOUGHTON
GALLIGAN, F ET AL, 2000 ADVANCED PE FOR EDEXCEL, HEINEMANN
HONEYBOURNE, J ET AL, 2000 PYSICAL EDUCATION & SPORT FOR A LEVEL SECOND EDITION, NELSON THORNES