- increase blood flow to the working muscle
- diversion of blood flow from non-essential organs to the working muscle
- increase flow of blood from the heart
- increase rate and depth of breathing
- increase unloading of oxygen from haemoglobin in working muscle
Increase in waste products produced by the muscle.
Rise in muscle temperature.
A break down in muscle tissue.
More muscle fibres contract
Muscles increase in size (hypertrophy).
Hypertrophy is the increase of a size or organ. The most common type of organ hypertrophy occurs in the skeletal muscle.
Muscles become stronger.
The more you exercise the stronger your muscles will become.
Size and number of mitochondria increase in muscle cells.
Increase in myoglobin within the muscle cells.
Higher oxygen uptake in the muscle cells.
Muscle cells store greater amounts of ATP, CP and Glycogen.
Increase in lactic acid tolerance.
Muscles become able to work harder for longer.
Bone becomes more stronger
As bone destiny and width increases in size, the bone automatically becomes stronger.
Increase in range of movement in joints (flexibility)
When you take part in an exercise or a sport your body moves more quickly. This also means that the joints need to work more. The tendons and ligaments surrounding the joint become stronger and then the joints will be more flexible.
Bone width and destiny increases
Bones are made from calcium. This is because the normal participants in weight bearing exercise helps to enhance the bone density. This then results in the bones becoming stronger.
Increase in Synovial at the joints
This is because the Synovial Fluid fluid prevents friction from occurring between the bones. The joint operates better when there is more synovial fluid.
Joint hyaliane artciular cartlidge thickens
Cartilage is found below and on top of the bones. Cartilage is their to stop the bones from colliding into each other. The thicker the cartilage is the better it is.
Tendons and Ligaments surrounding the joints becomes thicker
because the tendons are connected to the bones by fibres and ligaments which help stabilise the joints. If the bone becomes increase in size the tendons need to do the same as do the ligaments.
Increase in synovial Fluid at joints
This is because the synovial fluid stops the friction that is present between the bones. The joint operates a lot better when there is more synovial fluid available.
Anaerobic exercise is high intensity exercise. Muscles trained under anaerobic conditions develop differently, leading to greater performance in short duration.
Some examples of anaerobic exercise are:
- Sprinting,
- Weightlifting,
- Push ups and pull ups.
Anaerobic exercise will not burn off fat as the body need to have oxygen to be able to do this - it will help to build stronger muscles though. It also speeds up your metabolic rate so that you continue to burn fat after exercise.
Aerobic exercise is any extended activity that makes you breathe harder while using the large muscle groups at a regular pace. Aerobic activities help make your heart stronger and more efficient. There are lots of different types of aerobic activity. Some examples of aerobic activities include:
- Walking
- Jogging
- Bicycling
- Swimming
- Aerobic dancing
- Racket sports
- Rowing
- Ice or roller skating
- Cross-country or downhill skiing
Long Term changes can be described as adaptations in the body as a result of long and regular participation in exercise.
Short term changes are classed as responses to exercise ~ these are immediate changes that can be seen / experienced when we start to exercise.
If you stopped exercising it could take perhaps only a fortnight weeks for any of the long term effects of exercise to go back to how they were before you started exercising.
Size and number of mitochondria increase in muscle cells.
Muscles become able to work harder for longer.
Muscles increase in size (hypertrophy).
- Higher O2 uptake in the muscle cells.
- Increase in myoglobin in the muscle cells.
- Muscles become able to work harder for a longer amount of time.
- Hypertrophy happens to the muscles
- Increase in lactic acid tolerance.
- Muscle cells store more amounts of CP, ATP & Glycogen.
- Bone becomes more stronger