The Anatomy and Kinetics of the body in relation to sporting application

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The Anatomy and Kinetics of the body in relation to sporting application

Introduction

I am going to be analysing the bench press action from a anatomical standpoint looking at the structure and function of the wrist, elbow and shoulder. As well as the surrounding bone/connective tissue, ligaments, tendons, muscle type and structure and neural input in relation to the movement the joint permits when performing a bench press (see appendix 1)

The main articulations involved when performing a bench press are the shoulder, elbow and wrist. The shoulder or pectoral girdle consists of articulations between the clavicle, scapula and the proximal end of the humerus. Movements at this joint are largely passive in that the occur as a result of active movements of the scapula. The glenohumeral articulation (shoulder joint) has the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. The scapula is suspended on the thoracic wall by muscle forming a functional joint called the scapulothoracic joint. These muscles act to stabilize and to actively move the scapula. Active movements of the scapula help increase the range of motion of the shoulder joint. Articular cartilage cushions this joint by covering the head of the humerus and face of the glenoid. Stabilizing the joint is the labrum, a ring of fibrous cartilage surrounding the glenoid.

The acromion (highest point of the shoulder) is formed by the outer end of the scapula extending over the shoulder joint. This is also called the acromial process. The acromioclavicular joint is the joint between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle.

The shoulder bones are connected by ligaments and the bones are connected to the surrounding muscles by tendons.

Two major tendons of the shoulder are the biceps tendon, which attaches the biceps muscle to the shoulder, and the supraspinatus tendon, which helps form the rotator cuff. Accessory nerve initiates the trapezius muscle, Dorsal Scapular nerve initiates the rhomboideus muscles, Long thoracic nerve initiates the serratus anterior muscle and the major nerve for this action is the axillary nerve which initiates the deltoid and teres minor muscles. (see appendix 2)
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The elbow joint is formed by the articulation of the humerus (upper arm bone) with the radius and ulna (the two bones of the forearm). (The radius is located on the thumb side of the forearm, the ulna on the little finger side.) The elbow is a hinge-like joint, capable of two movements: flexion (bending) and extension (straightening).

Movements of the elbow (flexion/extension) and forearm (pronation/supination) are carried out by different muscle groups. Flexion of the elbow is produced by three muscles: biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis. In addition to elbow flexion, the biceps brachii supinates ...

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