The Use of Different Methods of Feedback to Improve Techniques in Football.

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Kieran Dignan

The Use of Different Methods of Feedback to Improve Techniques in

Football

        In football we are given different types of feedback by different people in different

ways.

"Feedback is the process of giving information on how well we perform during and/or after a

particular activity."

(Oxford Encyclopaedia)

        Feedback can be given as positive, negative, extrinsic/augmented, intrinsic, terminal,

concurrent, knowledge of performance and knowledge of results. I intend to find out how each

of these types of feedback is used in football, I will also see how learning stages affect the type

of feedback which is used, this includes cognitive phase, associative phase and autonomous

phase.

The various types of feedback are:

*        Positive feedback is used for when a skill is performed correctly so the outcome is

successful. This is essential for beginners as it gets them more motivated for the next

time they perform.

*        Negative feedback is used to correct weaknesses in the action so that it can be

performed better next time. This feedback must be used carefully because it can easily

demotivate the player.

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*        Intrinsic feedback is used when a player looks to improve their play. It is feedback from

within the player to themself.

*        Extrinsic feedback comes from outside the player from someone watching or guiding

them such as a coach or friend.

*        Terminal feedback is used for building motivation or confidence as it is used before or

after the action is performed. This is also commonly used in analysis of performances.

*        Concurrent feedback is given during the action to keep the player in a right frame of

mind to perform, usually extrinsic. A common example is a coach ...

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