This method utilises the ‘Perfect Model’ to show the beginner how the skill should be exactly performed. It gives the person a model to mimic in order to learn the skill. The person is introduced to the aspects of the skill that are put together in a particular order and performed at a particular time for the skill to be performed.
Eg, foot position; back lift; head position and eye line in cricket are all aspects that need to be addressed when performing a batting shot.
The purpose of this stage is to give the person a mental image of how the skill should be performed.
Associative Stage
During this stage, the learner knows exactly what is needed to perform the skill, but needs to practice performing the skill according to the mental image they have developed in the cognitive phase. In this phase, feedback is essential, in order for the person to develop their technique properly. An example of this would be a person analysing a video of them performing the task. This would allow them to see for themselves, what they are doing wrong and to concentrate on that particular aspect to help them to rectify the problem. As the person becomes more proficient at performing the task, the task will feel more and more natural to them. Eventually they will be able to repeat the skill in a manner that is close to the perfect model.
E.g.
Practicing tackling so that you can repeat it consistently and effectively during a match, in a very short period of time, without needing to think, giving you more time to think about your next action or adjusting the skill to be even more effective to the play.
Autonomous Stage
After the associative phase, where much practice has taken place the persons muscles may seem to have a ‘memory’ whereby the person will be able to perform the task without thinking about the basic aspects, the skill will be able to be performed automatically without thinking. This means that little or no conscious attention will be paid with regards to the skill in question. Leaving the player free to think about other considerations, regarding opposition and individual tactics.
Eg1
A person sees a ball coming quickly towards them, and instead of moving out of the way, they catch the ball without thinking about what they are doing.
Eg2
In tennis, where a person can perform a serve without thinking, leaving themselves free to think about their next move, or what their opponent will do.
I will attempt to associate these stages of learning to the skill of performing a kick for touch in rugby.
