Assess the effects of imperialism on European countries during the later years of the nineteenth century
Assess the effects of imperialism on European countries during the later years of the nineteenth century. From about 1870-1905, also known as the 'Era of Empire for Empire's Sake', 'The Great Adventure' and 'The Scramble for Africa', European nations began what is called 'New Imperialism' today. During this age, almost 23,000,000 km² of territory was acquired. Colonialism was widespread in Southeast Asia and the East Asia seaboard, but Africa was still ultimately the target of imperialist expansion. There had been much controversy on the effects of 'New Imperialism', whether it did more harm or good to the European nations. Colonies alleviated the economic problems of their colonial masters. As a result of falling mortality rates and rising life expectancies in the 18th century due to medical advancement, the population in Europe rose dramatically and rapidly (from 188 million to 432 million in 1800 to 1900). As living standards rose, so too did the demand for new goods and services. The European nations believed if population was increase at its present rate, there would be a point in time where they would not be able to support themselves economically. Industry-orientated countries, especially Britain had long begun running an unfavourable balance of trade, which was increasingly offset by income from overseas investments. For instance, West African cocoa earned the
In 1957 The Treaty of Rome came into existence it declared a common European market as a European objective with the aim of increasing economic prosperity and contributing to "an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe".
In 1957 The Treaty of Rome came into existence it declared a common European market as a European objective with the aim of increasing economic prosperity and contributing to "an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe". It established the European Economic Community (EEC). The goal of the EEC was to reduce trade barriers, streamline economic policies, coordinate transportation and agriculture policies, remove measures restricting free competition, and promote the mobility of labour and capital among member nations. It was very successful, but just as with the ECSC, it served more of a peacemaking role between the European nations than an economic role. At this time, the monetary exchange rate between countries was controlled by the Bretton Woods system, which connected currencies to the U.S. dollar, allowing for only a one-point fluctuation around designated values. This was referred to as the "pegged rate" and was based partly on the gold backing of the dollar. This system worked well for 20 years, helping to stabilize exchange rates and restore economic growth in the post-war period. By 1960, however, the system began to fail, and exchange-rate agreements became the prevalent topic among European political and economic leaders. By December 1969, Luxembourg's Prime Minister, Pierre Werner, was asked to write an EC (European Community) report covering the need for a
Team Health Check
This health check is designed to help teams review their effectiveness. It is in three parts : i) Use the descriptions below to score your personal assessment of the way that the team is working right now. For each lettered statement below, you need to give a rating between 0 and 5. ii) Then share your individual assessment with the other team members to come up with an overall team assessment by calculating the average score you gave to each statement. iii) The team should then reflect on the results and develop an action plan to improve your overall effectiveness in working together. SCORING 5 = Strongly Agree. - Fully operational and exceeds the description. 4 = Agree. - Operational and meets all or nearly all aspects of the description, but not ideal. 3 = Slightly Agree. - Operational, but incomplete. Partially meets the description. 2 = Slightly Disagree. - Nearly operational, but some way to go. Doesn't yet really meet the description. = Disagree. - We have started on this, but there is a long way to go. The descriptors do not apply. 0 = Strongly Disagree.- Nothing has been done - this does not apply at all to our team. Purpose / Direction a. - The team has a clear mission/purpose, known by all team members. b. - The team has a vision and success criteria which are challenging, meaningful and exciting to the team. c. - The team understands how the
To what extent has the European Union been successful in "establishing" a coherent European identity
Introduction European identity, meaning unification or integration of Europe, is easily described as European residents have the ideas where they really belong to, Europe or just German, France or others. Nowadays, when Europe is talked about, people involuntarily associate it with the European Union. Perhaps the main reason is the enlargement of the European Union. Now the EU includes 27 countries, more than half the whole European countries and almost all the powerful countries have already joined the EU for years. Thus in some way we can say that the EU unifies the Europe. At this time, even though the EU cannot be regarded as a real nation, the EU also hopes a kind of patriotism existing in the whole Europe, and in the post-time Winston Churchill had already illustrated this view that "Why should there not be a European Group which could give a sense of enlarged patriotism?" (Wikipedia(a)) Under the uniform administration of the EU, the European identity seems to appear again after the Holy Roman Empire economically, politically and socially, but mainly in the economic aspect. What the EU has done? Economics "Karl Marx viewed economic change as a revolutionary process, and one which determined social and political structures." (Parker, E 2003) Thus the EU firstly chooses to take efforts to effectively manage the EU economy. Apart from the single currency and Economic
Explain the different exchange rates and the advantage and disadvantages
Explain the different exchange rates and the advantage and disadvantages The floating exchange rate is exchange rate that is determined solely by the market demand and supply for the currency with no government intervention. The currency is left alone so that the supply and demand for that currency allows it to find its own value. In the long run it is the macro economic performance of the economy including trends in competitiveness that drives the value of the currency. The trade flows and capital flows are the main factors affecting the exchange rate. This again comes down to the supply and demand of the particular currency. Supply and demand of a currency is influenced by many factors. The currency of a country is demanded when it is needed to by exports from that particular country. The currency is needed in order to purchase those goods or services. This can change the value of the exchange rate if the supply stays the same. The picture above shows the exchange rate diagram. It shows that as the demand curve has moved from D1 to D2 the exchange rate there has been an appreciation in the exchange rate value. The reason for this is that as there is a short supply of currency, the demand has increased causing the exchange rate to appreciate. The supply of the currency as well as demand for the currency can affect the exchange rate value. A rise in the supply of the
Should the UK join the euro? Discuss the pros and cons in detail and present your informed decision.
General Studies Essay Should the UK join the euro? Discuss the pros and cons in detail and present your informed decision. There have been many discussions over the years since the euro began about whether or not the United Kingdom should join the euro. There are lots of benefits but there are also a lot of disadvantages in joining the euro. Many people don't want to join but there are some people who think it will be good for our economy and our economic growth as times are moving and we should move along with it. If the UK joined the euro our currency would change therefore we would be losing our sovereignty and that part of our history would die. Also because there would be a lot of countries with different types of euro it will be difficult to detect forgeries, as fraudsters will be able to send their forgeries out because consumers won't know what a legitimate English euro will look like. We can't work without one single government, which would be in charge of all fifteen European Union countries, and so the UK wouldn't be as powerful as we are now. As one French minister said "the longer we wait the stronger the rules will be and we will have no say unless we join". But another minister also said that although there are problems at the moment, we have nothing to lose by waiting. Although there has been a lack of European conflict since the EU began, the UK could
Explain the effects on the team of the leadership styles adopted
C4 & E5 Explain the effects on the team of the leadership styles adopted Leadership involves getting the group to work together as a team so as to achieve a common goal. A leader needs to direct but also needs to ask. A leader on the other hand needs to be democratic. The functions of leadership might be seen as: * Initiating- keeping/ getting things going * Regulating-monitoring the pace of the group's effort * Informing- feeding back information to the group * Supporting being responsive to needs of the group and being open to suggestions * Evaluating-helping the group to review progress, qualify success and assess ell t works as a team Formal Formal in business is described as work done or carried out in accordance with established or prescribed rules. Informal Informal in business is described as not officially prepared, organized, or sanctioned, work not being done in time. Some of the informed staff produces creative ideas and innovative solutions. The capacity of their own ideas and those of others means they rarely have any major information. Collaborative Collaborative is achieved by working together or with others. Members who are collaborative think that problem solving is more than that of the individual members included within the team. They appreciate group discussions and will always suggest creative ideas of their own. They will also be more than
The Consequences of The White Australia policy
The Consequences of The White Oz policy The White Australian Policy was set up around the turn of the century to make Australia a white nation. Migrants from countries that had different cultures where targeted against and disallowed entry to our country. The policy seemed very nice and fair to read through. There was no line saying "No Asians" or "Must be white to enter". Or was there? A method to stop people that weren't wanted was devised, called the Dictation Test. The Policy said: "...any person who when asked to do so by an officer fails to write out a dictation and sign in the presence of the officer a passage of fifty words in length in any European language directed by the officer..."12 was prohibited entry. Even though the was no real written policy to stop Asian immigration to Australia up until the 1960's the government never encouraged immigration from non-European countries as the above quote indicates. While there may have been sound economical and social reasons for restricting the types of people able to migrate to Australia it was often influenced by prejudice bigotry and misunderstandings about foreign cultures Australia's attitude to immigration has changed over the years depending on the political and world situation. For example, after WW2 it was evident that the presence of 'coloured' people would make the defence of Australia all the more
"What is the importance of the concept of citizenship in the development of EC law after Maastricht? Has it given a new impulse to creating, extending or safeguarding citizens' rights? Or has it merely given new rhetoric to old concepts of free movement".
Law of European Union Coursework 2. "What is the importance of the concept of citizenship in the development of EC law after Maastricht? Has it given a new impulse to creating, extending or safeguarding citizens' rights? Or has it merely given new rhetoric to old concepts of free movement" Critically comment on the above statement with particular reference to the free movement of persons. Freedom of movement for persons and the abolition of controls at internal frontiers form part of a wider concept, that of the internal market in which it is not possible for internal frontiers to exist or for individuals to be hampered in their movements. The concept of the free movement of persons has changed in meaning since its inception. The first provisions on the subject referred merely to the free movement individuals considered as economic agents, either as employees or providers of services. The original economic concept has gradually widened to take on a more general meaning connected with the idea of Union citizenship, independent of any economic activity or distinctions of nationality. This also applies to nationals of third countries, because after controls were abolished at internal borders people could obviously no longer be checked for nationality. The importance of citizenship in EC law is that members are able to move anywhere within EC countries to obtain employment,
Assess The Relative Significance Of Marshall Aid To Moves Towards European Integration Between 1945 and 1954.
Assess The Relative Significance Of Marshall Aid To Moves Towards European Integration Between 1945 and 1954. The Marshall Plan lasted for four years between 1948 and 1952, and offered $22 billion in American aid to Europe. This essay believes that Marshall Aid was significant in moves towards integration in the post war years, and will show this by looking at the Marshall Plan, the Schumann Plan and the Pleven Plan. The Marshall Plan (1947) was, effectively, a result of US self-protection, designed both to bring West Germany back into the diplomatic process and to bring together Western Europe on the side of America - as Lundestad (1998, p29) puts it, "The Soviet Union and Communism had to be contained; the western zones of Germany had to be integrated with a revitalised Western Europe in general, and with France in particular." The offer of aid was open to all countries of Europe but, as the USA must have anticipated, the USSR and its allies turned it down: nonetheless, all European countries urgently needed the aid. The main condition of Marshall Aid was that the countries receiving it should work together to distribute it, and so the Committee of European Economic Co-operation, originally set up to report on the Marshall Plan, evolved into the Organisation for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), enhancing the perception of Marshall Aid as being politically motivated -
