UN and Iraq: The Weakest Coalition
Mitchell Goulding Professor Solomon Major International Organizations 6 August 2007 UN and Iraq: The Weakest Coalition As the United Nations plans to reintroduce itself into the political landscape of Iraq, many realists argue that the United Nation's intervention, much like the intervention of the United States, will fail. While the United Nations argue that the multilateral approach they offer is what Iraq needs, they also submit that the United States will still shoulder much of the responsibility in Iraq. For this reason, Iraq will react with the same fervor at the UN's interference as they do to the United States': mass bombings and civilian casualties. While UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon argues that the organization of many foreign ministers to help initiate reform in Iraq will work, he also submits that the safety of his officials will remain "of paramount concern." The submission reveals the most important flaw in the United Nations' plan: Iraq has become overridden with violence ever since both the United States and the United Nations entered the war. In fact, following the United Nations announcement of intervention, the death toll of the "quadruple bombing in an area of mud and stone houses in the remote northern desert on Tuesday evening reached at least 250 dead" with "350 wounded making it the deadliest coordinated attack since the American-led invasion
In what ways was Soloman a successful king?
In what ways was Soloman a successful king? John Drane came to the conclusion that 'Judged by the standards of world powers, Solomon was outstandingly successful, the greatest of all Israel's rulers. But judged by the moral and spiritual standards of the covenant, he was a miserable failure.' I agree with Drane in this statement because there were indeed many things Solomon did in his reign that were beneficial to the people and the country. However, for a man working for God, he does not seem to apply the covenant of Yahweh very much to the decisions he makes as king. Previously, during the reign of David, a new kingdom was beginning to be established. The small towns of the tribal confederacy were developing into larger cities throughout the land, noted for their economic and political importance. Israel was growing into a powerful nation, while David's powerful armies were defeating others around it. Therefore, when Solomon became king, he inherited an already large and stable kingdom in a secure position, with relatively large military forces and a reasonably content population. He also had the great example of his own father to follow, unlike Saul previously. However, his Father advises him to follow the word of God, which he does not take much heed of. He did many things within his reign that consolidated not only his own position, but also aided the position
The roots of Intifada 2000.
The roots of Intifada 2000 "The explosion of Palestinian anger on the 29th September 2000 put an end to the charade begun at Oslo seven years ago and labelled the 'peace process.' In 1993 Palestinians, along with millions of people around the world, were led to hope that Israel would withdraw from the West Bank and Gaza within five years and that Palestinians would then be free to establish an independent state. Meanwhile both sides would work out details of Israel's withdrawal and come to an agreement on the status of Jerusalem, the future of Israeli settlements, and the return of Palestinian refugees. "Because of the lopsided balance of power, negotiations went nowhere and the Palestinians' hopes were never fulfilled. The Israelis, regardless of which government was in power, quibbled over wording, demanded revisions of what had previously been agreed to, then refused to abide by the new agreements. Meanwhile successive governments were demolishing Palestinian homes, taking over Arab neighbourhoods in East Jerusalem for Jewish housing, and seizing Palestinian land for new settlements. A massive new highway network built after 1993 on confiscated Palestinian land isolates Palestinian towns and villages from one another and from Jerusalem, forcing many Palestinians to go through Israeli checkpoints just to get to the next town... "According to President Clinton and most of
Examine the role of writing in the development of urban bureaucratic civilisations in the Middle East from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age
Examine the role of writing in the development of urban bureaucratic civilisations in the Middle East from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age Writing started and was developed by the ancient Egyptians, around 3000 BC (Sumerians of Mesopotamia) who believed it was important to communicate information, mostly about the government and religion. They used writing for thousands of years, and developed many uses for writing, where today we can find scribes on tomb walls and temples to share their beliefs and explore their culture.They developed many types of scripts, most famously the Hieroglyphic script which formed about 100 years which dissipated in approximately 300 B.C. with the reign of the Greek Ptolemies. The most famous example that is written in Egyptian hieroglyphs is the Rosetta stone, now at the British museum in London, which was created to honor Ptolemy V. At this same time, the 'Proto- Elamite' writing in Elam was being developed and is considered logo-syllabic. It was further developed in the Indus Valley and China, where the borrowed language was enhanced and re-created to make new languages. Soon after, the people of Palestine and Syria were borrowing the Egyptian 'Syllable' leaving behind the more complex symbols, during the last half of the 2nd millennium. The Greeks took final steps to separate consonants from vowels when they borrowed the writing from the
To what extent is the city of Jerusalem vital to the followers of three main world religions in the present time?
To what extent is the city of Jerusalem vital to the followers of three main world religions in the present time? In this course-work, I will be examining the significance of Jerusalem to the current followers of the three main religions. In order for me to do so, I must examine Jerusalem's history and its significance to the three monotheistic faiths. I will also be discussing whether Jerusalem's importance is due to religious or political reasons, and whether the Middle East conflict arises from spiritual or political differences. Jerusalem is the ancient city, which has great significance to the three religions of the Book- Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. For many centuries, Jerusalem, the Sacred, or Holy city has peacefully accommodated Christians, Jews, and Muslims. Jerusalem has been occupied around twenty times, and witnessed four main influential periods. The Christians dominated the Holy land for the least period of time, around 427 years, followed by the second shortest time, which saw the Ancient city being dominated by the Jews for 543 years, the Pagan's dominated Jerusalem for around 800 years, leaving the Muslims to reign over Jerusalem for the longest period of time, 1193 years1. There are common beliefs, which the three religions share when it comes to Jerusalem. That is that Jerusalem is often referred to as 'the Holy land', in the Bible, Torah, and Quran.
How did the village of Dier Yassin come to be fought over in 1948?
Ellie New WAP How did the village of Dier Yassin come to be fought over in 1948? The village of Dier Yassin was a small Arab village near Jerusalem that was attacked by Jewish fighters. Over 100 Arab townspeople were killed by Jewish paramilitaries. Because of the deaths, many of the remaining Arabs fled. The fighting began when the Haganah launched Operation Dalet on 4th April. The aim of this was to capture the dozens of villages along the road from Jaffa to Jerusalem, in an effort to split the Arab State in two and capture Jerusalem. The Jews didn't like this plan, as the proposed partition endangered the prospect of a Jewish homeland. As the date of the partition drew nearer, the Jews and the Arabs both planned to make war on each other, and by April 1948, a full-scale civil war began. The Dier Yassin incident was just part of this war, which is also known as the First Palestine War. It is said to be partly to blame for the ever-growing Palestinian refugee issue, as many fled when Dier Yassin was attacked, and weren't allowed back. Operation Dalet also involved the capture of several major towns that were meant to be part of the Arab State; Tiberias, Haifa and Jaffa. On 15th May 1948, the British mandate ended. The Jewish and Arab States now came into being. The Jewish State was called Israel. A day after this new State was made, and five neighbouring Arab countries
Why have the Arabs used
Why have the Arabs used "terrorism" and why hasn't it worked? Most countries in the world now change governments by having elections and votes. This was not always the case. In the 1930's Mao- Tse- Tung said elections were a waste of time and that if you wanted to gain power you must you use terrorism and violence. Once he had got the power in China he banned all elections and China is still a communist country even today. In this case the Arabs wanted to use the same way as Mao - Tse - Tung to gain the land back which was set up in 1948. This had lead to four wars with the Jews, the Arabs had lost all the four wars. Yasser Arafat the leader of Palestine Liberation Organisation had finally understood that the could not defeat the Jews by war so they changed the ways. They used such as bombings, ambushes and assassinations. The Palestine Liberation Organisation claimed it was using the same methods the Jews had used against the Romans 2000 years ago and also against the British army between 1945-1948, when some Jews killed the British soldiers try to get the British government to give the Jewish people their own homeland which the claim is given by god. However, the unusual type of warfare used by the Palestinians is more commonly known to many other countries such as the United States as "terrorism". The word "terrorism" can mean violence and wanting to get powerful by
The Kurds - A struggle for a state.
The Kurds A struggle for a state Fares Nimri Quick Facts Overview Most of the world's 20-25 million Kurds live in Turkey, although an unofficial region called "Kurdistan" also includes parts of Iraq, Iran, Syria, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The Kurds are the largest ethnic group in the world without their own state, and for much of the century, Kurdish separatists have sought to establish an independent Kurdish homeland. In 1984, the Kurdish Workers Party (PKK) began an armed insurrection against the Turkish government; 15 years of guerrilla war have claimed approximately 30,000 lives. After the capture of PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan in March-and his later conviction for treason-the PKK announced its willingness to negotiate an end to the conflict. Kurdish factions have also been active in other countries, most notably Iraq. In the late 1980s, Saddam Hussein engaged in the brutal "Anfal" campaign, in which chemical weapons were used to put down a Kurdish uprising. A revolt also followed Iraq's defeat in the Gulf War, but the Iraqi military-aided by divisions among rival Kurdish factions-eventually squelched this uprising. Statistics Iran: Population (1998) : 61,531,000 Government Type : Islamic republic Ethnic Groups : Persian (51%), Azerbaijani (24%), Gilaki/Mazandarani (8%), Kurd (7%), other (10%) Major Religions : Shi'i Muslim (93%), Sunni Muslim (6%), Other
Nationalism in the Middle East
Andy Karpov History 12 Mr. Benoy Sep 23, 2002 Essay # 1 Nationalism Nationalism Essay When thinking of the Middle Eastern conflicts, the common knowledge is that these conflicts originated in biblical times, which I think to be wrong. According to Rashid Khalidi, "The situation in the Middle East is not so different from the recent history of Europe, where the upsurge of nationalism in the nineteenth century fueled conflicts that culminated in two world wars. And just as modern nation-states like France and Germany have manufactured pedigrees that stretch back centuries; nationalists in the Middle East have crafted narratives to support their own claims to power."[1][1] Nationalism is often defined as the feeling which unites people with common descent, language, or religious background; this feeling often causes people to unite and abolish foreign rule over their own affairs. Nationalism is a very strong power with great prospects to do either good or bad depending on the degree of nationalism and the side of argument looked at. Nationalism was a chief driving force in the creation of the state of Israel and throughout the 20^th century shaped politics and caused many conflicts in that region. Nationalism brought about the prosperity and fall of many countries such as Israel and the various national groups contained within it. Jewish nationalism was
Burundi Refugees
Burundi Refugees Refugees are people who have been forced to leave their home country for fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, politics, civil war or due to environmental disasters. They move to other countries hoping to find help and asylum. Refugees do not include displaced persons who are people who have been forced to move within their own country. Over 80% of refugees are in developing countries due to the country being less able to help. They live in extreme poverty, lacking food, shelter, clothing, education and medical care. They have no citizenship, few, if any rights and virtually no prospects. The largest recorded movement in recent history followed tribal-based genocide in Rwanda, Africa. Over 1 million refugees had escaped to neighbouring countries. Here's an example of refugees in Burundi: Burundi's war began in late 1993, triggered by the assassination, in October of that year, of the country's first democratically elected president, Melchoir Ndadaye, a Hutu (name of the tribe he belonged to). Fighting between mainly Hutu rebels and the military, which was dominated by Tutsis, caused many deaths and rendered large swaths of the country unsafe. Hundreds of thousands of people fled to neighbouring countries (Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda and Tanzania). In November 2003, the country's largest rebel group, CNDD-FDD (Conseil National pour la