To what extent is there continuity between traditional conservatism and the New Right?
Fatima Rahim Miss Worth To what extent is there continuity between traditional conservatism and the New Right? Traditional conservatisms key features are its pragmatic nature and it being non-ideological, this was mainly by Edmund Burke. This strand is cautious and modest , it doe accept change but only in order if necessary- “change in order to conserve”, this too is seen in the paternalistic One Nation strand of traditional conservatism, whose founding father was Disraeli and later MacMillan.The New Right came about after the economic crisis of the 1970’s, and was endorsed by Thatcher and Reagan, this new strand of conservatism stemmed from some of the ideas of the great economic thinker Hayek. The New right incorporates ideas of both Neo Liberals and Neo Conservatives, the new right can be seen as progressive, amending flaws seen in traditional conservatism. The core themes of conservatism are human nature, the state, society and the economy; and although there are some similarities…….. The traditional conservative view of the individual stresses human imperfection. In particular, human individuals are regarded as psychologically limited creatures that seek security that can be found through for example, tradition or authority. They are also intellectually limited, in that they are
To what extent has socialism been defined by its opposition to capitalism?
Wednesday 17th October 2007 Past Question: June 2004 To what extent has socialism been defined by its opposition to capitalism? [60 marks] Initially the question posed could be answered by defining socialist, as it is derived from the Latin term 'sociare,' meaning to combine or to share. This indicates, being as capitalism is about private ownership that infact the two contrast. Socialism had its basis in the 19th century and arose as a reaction against economic conditions created in Europe, by the growth in economic capitalism. It came to represent the impoverish workers who suffered due to early industrialization at the hands of what socialists saw to be the bourgeoisie, and those who profited disproportionately from the working class. Policies in the early 19th century meant that factory owners had the prerogative to determine wage levels and factory conditions, which were often poor to maximise profits. It was therefore seen as revolutionary when Utopian Socialists, such as Robert Owen emerged, creating utopian communities where the emphasis was on sharing the accumulated wealth and getting rid of the exploitation that capitalists were advocating. Hence, groups like the Co-operative Society emerged. In contrast however, the likes of Marx and Engels believed the only way to overthrow the capitalist regime was through a revolution, which if necessary would be
Trade Unions
Trade Unions Types of trade Union A trade union is a group of workers who join together in order to protect their own interests and to be more powerful when negotiating with their employers. Each employee who wishes to join a trade union must pay an annual fee, which contributes towards the costs and expenses that the trade union incurs when it provides services to its members, and supports industrial action by the workers. Trade unions have a number of aims: . To improve the pay of its members. 2. To improve the working conditions and the working practices of its members. 3. To support the training and the professional development of its members. 4. To ensure that their members' interests are considered by the employers when any decision is made which will affect the workforce. There are four main types of trade union in the UK: . General Unions. These are for skilled and unskilled workers performing different jobs in different industries (e.g. cleaners, clerical staff, transport workers). 2. Industrial unions. These are for different workers in the same industry (e.g. the National Union of Miners (N.U.M), covering workers at all levels in the hierarchy). 3. Craft Unions. These are fairly small unions for skilled workers, performing the same or similar work in different industries (e.g. musicians). 4. White-collar Unions. These are for 'white-collar' (or
"What are the long-term Jewish and Palestinian claims to the land of Israel?"
"What are the long-term Jewish and Palestinian claims to the land of Israel?" One of the main reasons why the conflict in the Middle East between the Jews and the Palestinian Arabs is so bad is to do with the long term claims to the land. Both the Arabs and the Jews believe that the land is rightfully theirs because of the long term settling which both sides have taken part in. The Jews believe that they own the land because they think that in c.1200 BC Moses led God put them into the area of Palestine and so according to the Old Testament Jews in Palestine. It was not only religion that made them think that they deserved the land; they also feel that they needed it. The Romans had conquered Palestine after a periodic resistance by the Jews around 63 BC. But after revolt the Jews were forced to leave Palestine and were dispersed (this was called Diaspora) throughout the Roman Empire around 135AD. Ever since the Jews were forced out of Palestine they had always longed to return, every year at Passover they would hope that the next year they would be in Palestine. The Palestinian Arab claim was a lot simpler. It was simple they had always lived in Palestine (The Jews would call it Israel but the Palestinian Arabs would call it Palestine), they had never left it and they were the original settlers there, and not because they had been led by a character such as Moses. The Arabs
Will Eastern Europe become the 'New Periphery' to the Prosperous Nations of the West?
Will Eastern Europe become the 'New Periphery' to the Prosperous Nations of the West? "Enlargement is one the most important opportunities for the European Union as it prepares for the 21st century. It is a unique, historic task to further the integration of the continent by peaceful means, extending a zone of stability and prosperity to new members." www.europa.com/ec/enlarge European Union Enlargement At its summit in Luxembourg in December 1997, the European Commission decided that the enlargement should encompass: the European Conference, a multilateral framework bringing together ten central European countries, Cyprus and Turkey, launched in 1998 on the 12 march; the accession process, covering ten central European countries and Cyprus, launched in the same year on the 30th march; the accession negotiations, which the European Council decided to open on the 31st march 1998 with six countries recommended by the European Commission: Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Poland and Slovenia. The European Union has already had many successful enlargements such as the United Kingdom in 1973 and also Greece in 1981 and most recently Sweden in 1995. So therefore there should not be any problems with expansion again. However the expansion under consideration today is different then before. It is unique because the area would increase by 34% and also the
What is Liberalism?
Ideology Ideology is the name given to any comprehensive and mutually consistent set of ideas by which a social group makes sense of the world. 1When ideology is employed in the use of government it effects not only those who already conform to the ideology but those citizens who do not. In my view as long as ideology exists there can never be a consensus among all as to how people should live and view the world. Liberalism, Conservatism and Socialism are notable examples of the major ideologies in this world that are employed by those who possess power. Due to the way the political process works ideology can effect many areas of life, social equality is one such area, which falls victim to the changing perspectives and ideologies of those who possess power. Each ideology would provide a differing perspective on social inequality and each would employ a separate way of dealing which the problem. I will attempt to outline the differing views and compare and contrast them against each other. Liberalism is in general, the belief that it is the aim of politics to preserve individual rights and to maximise freedom of choice2. Liberalism has come to be the dominant ideology of the industrialised West, its main themes are: The individual, Freedom, Reason, Justice and Toleration. For liberals the belief of the primacy of the individual is the characteristic theme and has had
Why has it been so difficult to bring peace in the Middle East?
Why has it been so difficult to bring peace in the Middle East? A major source of conflict in the Middle East during the last fifty years has been the dispute between Arabs and Jews over Palestine. For hundreds of years, the great majority of the people living in Palestine were Arabs. But at the end of the nineteenth century some Jews in Europe were becoming increasingly bitter about growing anti-Semitism. They started to talk about setting up a state of their own where they would be free from persecution. They chose Palestine because it was there birthplace of the Jews religion. Small numbers of these Jews, who were called Zionists, began to emigrate from Europe to Palestine. By 1914 about one tenth of the country's total population were Jews. Since the return of the Jews to their 'homeland' in 1948 the two races have fought over what they both claim to be their Holy land. The conflict between Arab and Jews still rages, with suicide bombings, kidnapping, tortures, murders, military invasion, terrorist high jacking, and also people fighting each other. Jews believe that god promised the land to them, and Jerusalem, the capital of Israel, is their holy city. Apart from the holy shrines and places to worship, the Arabs and Israelis were fighting over dry and dusty land lying between Europe, Asia and Africa, with little fresh water, few raw materials and no real significance
Why did the General strike of 1926 take place?
Louise Todd 11I Why did the General strike of 1926 take place? 76 years ago an earthquake shook the very foundations of British capitalism. For 9 days, not a wheel turned, not a light shone without the permission of the working class. The general strike of 1926 did not fall from a clear blue sky, it happened because of a combination of many factors. Workers were unhappy, from 1910 to 1914 there were a series of strikes, and the triple alliance between miners, railwaymen, and transport workers was formed. There was rise in Syndicalism, the idea that unions should become larger and larger, perhaps joining together to fight for the working classes. In the end the unions would be so powerful that they would call a strike across the whole country and take control of industry in Britain. During the war Britain could not compete with countries such as Japan and the U.S.A who began selling their goods into British markets. The price of English coal dropped immensely the government were not helping the working class. In 1919 The Sankey commission recommended that mines stay under government control, but in 1921 the mines were returned to the mine owners. This was bad news for the miners and they called it black Friday. In 1925 there was a government subsidy for nine months to keep up miners wages. To start with this was a good thing, but when in 1926 the government withdrew the
Why did the general strike of 1926 take place?
Why did the general strike of 1926 take place? 77 years ago an earthquake shook the very foundations of British capitalism this was the general strike of 1926 it took place because of numerous reasons of which I am going to explain a few in detail. The aim of this essay is that there are numerous reasons and many years to affect the out come of the general strike there are long term and short term causes as well. One of the reasons that I am going to explore is that the war was a long term cause and an important factor in the general strike because before the war there was industrial unrest because the miners were having to do long hours with not much pay and during the war the mines were changed to nationalisation so the miners were receiving more pay and wanted to stay with nationalisation, the economic consequences of the war lead to less money being paid per tonne of coal being produced making it harder to earn money in the business, with all the exports becoming more expensive and mass unemployment a lot of people during the war went hungry and because coal mining was such a dangerous job (on average 2 people a day died) so the miners thought that because they were risking their lives they were they should get a higher pay, these factors contributed to the strike by building tension between the miners and mine owners and other businesses because of the rise in export
Why did the General Strike of 1926 take place?
Why did the General Strike of 1926 take place? In 1926 the General Council of the Trades Union Congress (TUC) called out workers throughout the country on a general strike for nine days in an attempt to force the government to act to prevent the wages and conditions of coal miners being lowered. There is no one reason why the General Strike of 1926 took place, instead a large number of long and short term causes led towards the event, which was finally set off by a trigger cause. An example of a long term cause would be the history of bad relations between mine owners and their workers, a short term cause would be the Samuel Report and a trigger the Daily Mail article. Each cause led towards the strike and this essay will examine what these causes were, and how important they were in bringing about the General Strike. A long-term factor which contributed largely towards the strike was misplaced post-war optimism. During the war Trade Unions had worked alongside the Government to agree on working conditions. They had even allowed unskilled workers, such as women to take on jobs that could no longer be filled by the skilled workers, who were off at war- this was known as dilution of labour. However, this disillusionment of improved working conditions did not last for long. When the war was over the skilled workers returned to these jobs, leaving those who had filled in for
